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Mythology - Greek
The
Birth of proto-Venus in Greek Myth
Greek
Gods and Goddesses Associated with proto-Venus
The
Conflict of the Gods
Greek
Deities associated with priori-Mars
Atlas
Atlantis
Hermes
Prometheus
Cyclops
Griffin
The
Greek Universe
Greek mythology, like that of most other cultures, was composed
to tell the extraordinary story of cosmic encounters in ancient
times. The sacred myths were formulated between 4000 (actual
corrected radiocarbon date) and 687 BC, the period of cosmic
chaos, and passed on by word of mouth, but were probably not
written down until after the period of cosmic chaos had ended.
As a result, the writers never saw the physical events that
the myths were meant to describe. "The Dialogue of Critius"
by Plato (427-347) tells how Solon the Greek (640––560
BC) went to the Egyptian priests to try and recapture this knowledge.
The Egyptian priests considered the Greeks ‘like children’
because they did not have a recollection of the ancient encounters
of the Earth with other planets. They told Solon that occasionally
great destructions of the Earth occurred due to the close approach
of other heavenly bodies and that these usually cause a reorienting
of the Earth relative to the stars. Some encounters even completely
overturned the Earth, causing the Sun to rise in the west instead
of the east. They pointed out that the Greek myth of Phäethon
("the shining one"), in Ovid’s Metamorphosis,
was in actuality a recording of the physical chaos accompanying
such an event.
Solon was born only 47 years after the last cosmic encounter.
Undoubtedly, there were still many people alive during his lifetime
who had seen the cosmic encounters. Their descriptions probably
were the impetus behind his strong interest in Egyptian knowledge.
Greek myths lack the time ordering of the Rig Veda, and like
the later Indian works, some have been embellished to the extent
that the driving events are difficult to discern. Nonetheless
I have uncovered some new clues which corroborate a number of
elements of the catastrophic scenario developed so far. The
most important revelation is the straightforward confirmation
that the Olympian gods reigned for 3000 years. This is directly
stated in almost every work on Greek mythology. Their reign
corresponded to what I call the Vedic period, which I previously
estimated at about the same length based on the very cryptic
description of the life of Brahma. Other important confirmations
in Greek myth include the burning of the Earth by proto-Venus,
the Mitra-Varuna duality, the transfer of the primary deity
to the temporal seat of power based on fire, the influence of
proto-Venus on the capture and release of priori-Mars, and the
process by which the dance encounters were terminated. We also
explain a number of the Greek myths associated with priori-Mars,
such as Zeus, Prometheus and Atlas. The latter leads to an explanation
of Atlantis and, finally, we find corroboration of the sequence
of cosmic events, derived from Egyptian myth, which led to the
break off of the dance encounters.
The Birth of proto-Venus in Greek
Myth
In Greek myth, the Titans, led by King Cronus, had ruled the
Earth until Zeus led a rebellion that put the Olympian gods
in power. This implies that Saturn (Cronus)was originally the
brightest planet in the night sky. I maintain that it was brighter
than now due to the same impact that created its vast ring system
and is still producing its ‘temperature excess’
to this day. The rebellion of the Olympian gods was initiated
6,000 years ago, by a much more energetic impact on Jupiter,
which ‘lit up’ the giant planet and resulted in
the birth of proto-Venus. In Greek myth this event is described
as the birth of the goddess Pallas-Athene out of the head of
Zeus (originally associated with Jupiter). In one version of
her birth, it is said that no one knew the names of her parents,
but Zeus gave her legitimacy by claiming that one day he swallowed
his wife, Metis, when pregnant. In another form, Zeus was warned
by Gaea and Uranus that if he allowed the child in the womb
of Metis to be born it would turn out to be more powerful than
he, so he swallowed Metis to prevent this from happening. This
caused him such a headache that his howling ('like a thousand
wolves') prompted another god, Hephaestus, to help him by splitting
open his head with an axe. Out of the gaping wound sprang Athene
‘fully armed and brandishing a sharp javelin.’
Great Olympus was profoundly shaken by the dash and impetuosity
of the brigh-eyed
goddess. The Earth echoed
with a terrible sound, the sea trembled and its dark waves rose.
This is a very graphic description of the impact on Jupiter
and the rebound of a glowing cloud of plasma, out of which proto-Venus
contracted. The body being swallowed was the impacting asteroid.
Pallas (young)- Athene was the Greek name for proto-Venus which
rebounded from the impact, paralleling the birth of Aditya at
the beginning of the Rig Veda.
In another version of her birth from Crete it is said that the
goddess Pallas-Athene had been hidden in a cloud and it was
by striking this cloud with his head that Zeus had caused her
to emerge. This describes the enormous glowing plasma cloud
many times the size of Jupiter that 'rebounded' from the site
of the impact, followed by a description of the contraction
of the incandescent proto-Venus from the cloud. This parallels
the Vedic description in which the incandescent Vivasvat contracted,
while Mrttanda was the part of the cloud that was discarded.
The impact on Jupiter caused the ‘howling’, ‘the
terrible sound’ from the interior of the Earth. The Earth
obviously experienced an enormous tidal stress due either to
the rapid passing of the massive traveler or its impact on Jupiter.
(Physicists searching for the elusive 'gravity waves' would
have had an exciting day.)
The mention of Pallas Athene being born with a sharp javelin
is particularly important, because it implies that Jupiter is
a solid planet. The javelin, visible from Earth, was a super
high velocity jet of hot gases which shot hundreds of thousands
of kilometers into space from the impact site on Jupiter. In
Firmament and Chaos, I cite considerable physical evidence that
the jet continued to shoot out of the impact crater into space
for six millennia. Its decline has been so gradual that it still
produces the Great Red Spot, the most prominent feature on Jupiter.
The parallel between the births of Pallas-Athene and Aditi,
in Vedic myth, are striking. Both cultures struggled with the
identity of the ‘second’ parent. This stemmed from
the fact that the asteroid was not visible or was seen only
briefly. Both deities emerged from a glowing cloud as a bright
white-hot, star-like, body, which shone with a bright light
millions of times brighter than Jupiter itself. The extremely
high temperature of proto-Venus at that time is implied by the
term 'bright-eyed.’
Greek Gods and Goddesses Associated
with proto-Venus
As Pallas-Athene approached the Earth a few years later, King
Cronus is said to have released his monstrous half brothers,
normally sequestered in the mountains of Earth, to battle her.
These were the Hekatonkheires, described as 'huge twisted dark
creatures taller than trees.’ They were the dark comet
tails of proto-Venus. Just as in the Rig Veda, they were pictured,
not as smoke emanating from proto-Venus, but as denizens of
darkness attacking the glowing goddess. At that time there was
a great rushing and tumult of the skies. The people on Earth
heard mighty thunder and saw mountains explode. The Earth quaked
and tidal waves rolled as proto-Venus approached the Earth.
At its closest approach, proto-Venus caused almost complete
destruction of animal life on Earth. The myth which best describes
the devastation caused by two close passes of proto-Venus to
the Earth is the story of Phaëthon, the son of Helios.
The following is Ovid's version of the legend of Phaëthon:
The Greek legend says that the young Phaëthon,
who claimed parentage of the Sun, on that fatal day tried to
drive the chariot of the sun. Phaëthon was unable to make
his way "against the whirling poles" and "their
swift axis" swept him away. Phaëthon in Greek means
"the blazing one". The chariot of the sun, driven
by Phaëthon, moved "no longer in the same course ...
rush aimlessly, knocking against the stars ... borne along just
as a ship driven before the headlong blast, whose pilot has
let the useless rudder go and abandoned the ship to the gods
and prayers.
The earth bursts into flame, the highest parts first, and splits
into deep cracks, and its moisture is all dried up. The meadows
are burned to white ashes; the trees are consumed, green leaves
and all, and the ripe grain furnishes fuel for its own destruction
... Great cities perish with their walls, and the vast conflagration
reduces whole nations to ashes.
The woods are ablaze with the mountains ... Aetna is blazing
boundlessly ... and twin peaked Parnassus ... Nor does its chilling
clime save Scythia; Caucasus burns ... and the heaven-piercing
Alps and cloud-capped Apennines.
Then also Libya became a desert, for the heat dried up her moisture
... The Don's waters steam: Babylonian Euphrates burns; the
Ganges, Phasis, Danube, Alpheus boil; Spercheos' banks are aflame.
The golden sands of Tagus melt in the intense heat ... The Nile
fled in terror to the ends of the earth ... the seven mouths
lie empty, filled with dust; seven broad channels, all without
a stream ... Great cracks yawn everywhere ... Even the sea shrinks
up, and what was but now a great watery expanse is a dry plain
of sand. The mountains, which the deep sea had covered before,
spring forth ... If we are to believe reports, one whole day
went without the sun. But the burning world gave light.
This is a graphic description of the devastation by fire that
was caused by the close approach of the young proto-Venus to
the Earth.
As proto-Venus swept past the Earth and their relative positions
changed, the resulting tidal and magnetic-field torques changed,
producing 'all manner of twistings.’ The destruction caused
by proto-Venus took two forms. The most immediate was a scorching
of a wide band of latitudes that extended across northern Africa
and central Asia continent. But world-wide destruction was caused
by tidal waves as the oceans left their beds and flowed across
entire continents, due to the overturning of the lithosphere.
Typhon was the Greek version of the Egyptian Set , given to
the serpentine tail of proto-Venus when it approached the Earth
and encountered the geomagnetic field. It was imagined to be
a serpent-like monster with wings and multiple tails attacking
Pallas-Athene, since the blazing proto-Venus appeared to be
in its mouth. When this tail dissipated it was thought that
the serpent had fallen to Earth and become imprisoned underground.
Later Athene was characterized as a battle goddess that exercised
great restraint - never going to war unless forced. Her silver
throne had golden basket work and a crown of violets made from
blue lapis lazuli set above it. This more benevolent form of
proto-Venus, resulted from several close encounters with priori-Mars,
which occurred in the vicinity of the Earth. These interactions
reduced the eccentricity of proto-Venus' orbit, bringing its
aphelion inside the orbit of the Earth. Once this happened it
began to form a thin crust which reduced its flaming to a red
glow. At the same time the gases issuing from its interior produced
an atmosphere which could be seen from the Earth in the night
sky. The golden basket-work was the body of proto-Venus with
light showing through the many cracks in the tenuous crust,
while the crown of violets was its newly acquired atmosphere.
The warrior goddess Athene paralleled the Vedic deity Agni,
while her beautiful ‘sister’ Aphrodite was the counterpart
of Varuna. She represented a more peaceful, beautiful aspect
of proto-Venus. The dual aspect of proto-Venus is alluded to
in the myths as follows:
Next to Athene sat Aphrodite, Goddess of Love and Beauty.
Nobody knew who her parents were either ... Aphrodite had a
magic girdle, which she would wear whenever she wanted to make
anyone love her madly.
Again, the magic girdle was the beautiful atmospheric robe.
The Conflict of the Gods
The two aspects of proto-Venus were intermixed, because the
peaceful aspect of proto-Venus was upset when Ares (priori-Mars)
'rushed off' and engaged in combat with her, or made love to
her because of that irresistible girdle. At these times the
warrior-goddess Athene re-emerged when the tenuous crust of
proto-Venus was cracked by the tidal force of priori-Mars and
flaming magma interior was exposed. The Greek account of the
conflict between priori-Mars and proto-Venus, given by Homer
in the Iliad, is paraphrased by Velikovsky. He states that a
battle between the Trojans and the Achaeans took place on Earth
while the gods Ares and Pallas-Athene fought in the cosmos above.
Each army chose one of the celestial combatants as their champion.
The details of this battle give a number of clues to the identity
of the Greek gods, but not without considerable ambiguity. Pallas-Athene
and Ares were obviously the primary combatants. Aphrodite attempted
to enter the battle but is warned by Zeus not to become involved.
Zeus 'presides' over the entire conflict.
Ares is said to "darken the battlefield."
Pallas-Athene retreats then turns and hurls a spear against
his "nether-belly." Both gods are said to produce
loud bellows or roars, then "over against her spouted Ares"
and "together they clashed with a mighty din." At
this point Hera "spreads a thick mist about herself."
Ares strikes Pallas-Athene with his long "spear" and,
although giving ground, she then heaves a gigantic "stone"
at him "loosening his limbs.”
At one point, priori-Mars probably eclipsed the Sun, darkening
the earthly battlefield. The 'bellows' were due to the rapidly
changing tidal force exerted by the two nearby planets on the
interior of the Earth. Apparently enormous electrical discharges
occurred between the two when they approached one another. This
is understandable, since in the V/A theory I propose that proto-Venus
had been literally incandescent for years before these encounters
and as a result was likely to have accumulated a net positive
electrical charge while priori-Mars, which still had its original
magnetic field, probably was surrounded by radiation ‘belts’,
comprising charged particles.
I suggest that Hera was another goddess associated with the
body of proto-Venus, comparable to Mitra in the Vedas. Thus
the common interpretation that she was a goddess of our 'world'
is really that she was goddess of another 'world,’ which
was clearly seen as such by the Greeks when it was close to
the Earth. The fact that some scholars claim the name is derived
from the Sanskrit word for the sky may also be true, since the
myth describes her capturing a 'sky' or atmospheric robe. Some
say that she was the wife of Zeus, with whom she continually
squabbled. But she sometimes borrowed the girdle of Aphrodite
in order to arouse his passion and thereby get her way. This
relationship is consistent with the transference of the deity
Zeus to the flaming, erect ‘column of smoke and fire’
on priori-Mars.
Ares, (priori-Mars), was imagined rushing off to engage in combat
with Athene. The physical meaning is clear, that is, when priori-Mars
was in geosynchronous orbit and proto-Venus reached its closest
point to the Earth its tidal force caused priori-Mars to break
off the encounter and 'go after' her. The important implication
of this 'rushing off to do battle' theme is that the gravitational
force of proto-Venus at 'favorable' inferior conjunctions was
a significant factor in the release of priori-Mars from orbit.
The effect of proto-Venus in facilitating the capture and release
of priori-Mars from the 'dance encounters' continued throughout
the Vedic period. This implies a resonance between the orbits
of proto-Venus, priori-Mars and the Earth, which lasted some
3,000 years.
The myth in which the 'local hero' rushes off occasionally to
do battle with an 'intruder' is found in almost every culture.
The notion of a ‘home’ deity 'rushing off' is consistent
with our claim that (a) priori-Mars orbited the Earth at a stationary
position in the sky (geosynchronous orbit) for extended periods
of time, (b) broke off the encounters when proto-Venus, the
‘intruder’, approached the Earth and (c) returned
to be recaptured one hundred times, also under the influence
of proto-Venus.
Greek Deities Associated with
priori-Mars
Although it is obvious that Zeus was embodied in Jupiter at
the time of the birth of Athene, it is difficult to understand
the stature of distant Jupiter still being considered significant
during the period when priori-Mars and proto-Venus were close
to, and were having devastating effects on the Earth. Since
he is described as the deity that led the battle against the
Titans, we suggest that the primary power of Zeus was transferred
from Jupiter to proto-Venus at the beginning of the Vedic period.
Later he is described as living on Mount Olympus, implying that
his mythical power base was transferred again - this time to
the column of smoke and fire on priori-Mars. Reinforcing this
is the notion that Zeus rained down thunderbolts and storms
on the Earth and was without contest the most powerful of all
the Olympians. The transference of his power to the column on
priori-Mars parallels the transference of power from Agni and
Varuna to Indra (Vedic) and the seat of Osiris (Egyptian) from
proto-Venus to priori-Mars early in the Vedic period. In all
three cases this was a transfer of the deity to the ‘seat
of power’ on priori-Mars, which was the great flaming
column of smoke and fire, identified as Brahma in Hindu mythology
Purusha or Prajapati in Vedic myth and Osiris in Egyptian lore.
Just as the triad of Hindu deities was imagined conversing and
even disagreeing, so does Zeus curse Ares (Mars) as the "Most
hateful of all gods that hold Olympus." It is necessary
to see through these ambiguities, and not get 'hung up' on them.
Atlas
Greek mythology contains another deity that is associated with
the column of smoke and fire on priori-Mars. In fact, no deity
description fits our scenario more perfectly than Atlas. He
was supposedly the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Titans,
who lost to the Olympian gods led by Zeus. When the Olympian
Gods took over, Atlas was condemned to carry the 'heavens' on
his shoulders until the end of the world.
The explanation is simple. When priori-Mars approached the Earth
it grew larger and larger. Upon attaining its geosynchronous
orbit above the Himalayas it appeared to stop falling. It was
enormous - over twenty times the apparent diameter, and four
hundred times the area of the Moon. The people did not understand
what kept it from continuing to fall to Earth. This question
was specifically expressed in the Vedas. When the great lava
fountain formed on the side of priori-Mars facing the Earth,
extending some thousand kilometers toward the Earth, the Greeks
got the idea that it was a deity which, situated as it was between
the two bodies, supported priori-Mars (the heavens). This was
Atlas, and the 'world' he supported was not ours, but nearby
priori-Mars. The relief of Akhenaten worshiping Aten in the
section on Egyptian myth gives a graphic rendition of the size
and orientation of this ‘column of smoke and fire.’
Atlantis
It is said that more books have been published on the subject
of Atlantis than any other except possibly the Bible and chess.
In a recent one, Zangger points out that Atlantis means 'the
daughter of Atlas.’ Thus the key to locating Atlantis
lies in identifying Atlas, which we have just done. The concentric
circular continents and bodies of water which comprised the
‘mythical’ place called Atlantis are also described
in Hindu myth. Mt. Meru, on which Brahma lived was Mt. Olympus
on which Zeus dwelt in Greek myth. In that instance, the commentator
expressed the view that the ancient Hindus had a very poor knowledge
of the geography surrounding the Punjab, since he assumed it
was a description of the earth’s surface. By the same
token, all of the authors, from Plato to Zangger, have sought
Atlantis on Earth. Today the it seems the only possible location,
given Plato's detailed description of the dimensions and layout
of a great city. However, no modern scholar has 'discovered'
the true Atlantis - because it was not on the Earth. It was
nearby however, in a position which provided a birds-eye view.
It was because it could be seen from Greece to India, that these
descriptions are so similar. Atlantis was on the planet priori-Mars,
the nearest point of which was only some 33,000 kilometers above
the surface of the Earth during the many 'dance encounters.’
Its location is now buried under the northern ice cap on Mars.he
Greek
Hermes
Hermes, the Greek god associated with the planet Mercury, was
the solid iron core of priori-Mars, which exited the planet
at times of the break off of the dance encounters. He was considered
a messenger because he would leave priori-Mars and descend into
a lower orbit closer to the Earth, moving rapidly, and subsequently
return. This gave the impression that he was carrying messages
from Zeus to the Earth. Hermes was said to have invented the
lyre, which he made out of tortoise shell. This was a metaphor
describing the appearance of the solid iron core of priori-Mars
as it exited the planet. The strings of the lyre were linear
grooves scratched on its pristine surface by the rocks lining
the Valles Marineris, through which it exited the rigid outer
shell of the planet. These grooves form the Mercurian grid,
which is still visible on the surface of Mercury. A photograph
is available in the section on Mercury on this website.
Prometheus
Another deity in Greek myth that is obviously related to priori-Mars
during the 'dance encounters' is Prometheus. He was the most
rebellious of gods, tricking Zeus into giving men the best part
of the slain ox. Zeus punished mankind by sending Pandora to
Earth, who unleashed all forms of misery on mankind. He then
punished Prometheus for thwarting the initial effort of Zeus
to introduce Pandora into the world and for his role in instructing
mortals in the use of fire, thereby aiding in the development
of civilization, which the gods generally discouraged. Prometheus
was bound to a rock in the Caucasus Mountains with unbreakable
chains, where a vulture tore at his flesh all day, with no rest,
no sleep and no respite. Each night his flesh grew back, only
to be eaten again the next day. This unusually cruel punishment
was actually intended to force Prometheus to reveal a very important
secret. Zeus knew that Fate, who brings all things to pass,
had decreed that a son would be born to him who would dethrone
him, and drive the Olympian gods from their home in heaven.
But only Prometheus knew who the mother would be, and refused
to tell. Zeus dispatched Hermes, who implored Prometheus to
reveal the secret and thus be released:
Look for no ending of this agony
Until a god will freely suffer for you,
Will take on your pain, and in your stead
Descend to where the sun is turned to darkness,
The black depths of death.
Pandora may have been another Greek name for the solid core
of priori-Mars because it scourged the Earth according to Egyptian
myth. It is more likely a reference to a series of plagues or
diseases which descended from priori-Mars along with its dust,
water and atmospheric gases during the dance encounters. The
'fastening' of Prometheus to the Earth suggests a connection
with priori-Mars, since it alone, of all heavenly bodies, remained
stationary over the Himalayas during the 'dance encounters.’
As each day progressed, priori-Mars waxed and waned, exhibiting
phases like the Moon, as it orbited the Earth. As more and more
of the planet passed into darkness each day, the body of Prometheus
was seen to gradually disappear each half day, only to be renewed
in the next half day. The fact that the largest form visible
on Mars (Valles Marineris), resembles a large bird with wings
extended, is consistent with the notion that it was a vulture
which ate away his flesh every day. This same feature was also
referred to as Zeus' eagle.
Prometheus never revealed the secret that Zeus sought, but the
reign of Zeus and the Olympian gods did indeed come to an end
when Hermes, the solid core of priori-Mars, which was Hermes
was born, that is, left the planet and moved into the inner
solar system. In a way, the mother was Athene (proto-Venus),
because it was the primary influence on the separation and capture
of priori-Mars in orbit around the Earth. The prophecy delivered
by Hermes - that another god would have to sacrifice himself
in order that Prometheus be freed, was indeed true. As prophecied,
Zeus, the column of smoke and fire and Ares, his ‘vehicle,’
were banished to the outer reaches of the solar system, where
the Sun barely shines, while Hermes was sent into the interior
of the solar system, where it is scorching hot.
Cyclops
These were monsters that appeared in several Greek myths - giants
with a single huge eye in the middle of their heads. The Cyclops
were notorious for their nasty dispositions, but were praised
for their unique ability to work with iron. Their association
with iron implies that the Greeks, like the Egyptians, knew
that liquid iron was extruded from the outer core of priori-Mars
near the end of each dance encounter. The evidence was the subsequent
falling of pure iron meteorites. Thus the one eyed Cyclops was
inspired by the same events as the Egyptian hieroglyph 'the
eye of Horus.’ Their bad dispositions stemmed from the
great stress and bombardment of the Earth that accompanied the
break-off of each encounter.
Griffin
The liquid iron flowed out into space and formed bizarre shapes,
resulting in the form that the Greeks called a Griffin. A drawing
of this creature is shown in Figure 1. The name comes from the
Greek word gryps, meaning 'hooked' (as in a beak,) and is also
related to the Persian word griften, 'to grip or seize.’
The notion of a beak implies its correspondence with Horus,
the Egyptian deity whose primary hieroglyph was a bird, inspired
by the same beak.
The griffins eyes were said to be 'fiery,’ it had the
form of a lion and the wings of a bird. It was said to guard
'gold deposits' from a one-eyed race called the Arimaspeans,
inspired by the ‘eye.’ The griffins eyes were two
continuously erupting volcanos on priori-Mars, now called Arsia
and Ascreaus Mons. The form of a lion refers to the overall
shape of the red planet, which resembled the head of a lion,
where the northern lowlands were the face and the southern highlands
were the mane.
Most representations of the griffin have the erect column protruding
upward from the head in the same direction as its long ears,
as shown in the figure. It is interesting to note the similarity
of these features to those worn by the pharaohs and ceremonial
statues. It is only necessary to turn the griffin head upside-down
in order to recognize the Egyptian interpretation. The column
on the head of the griffin becomes the pharaoh's 'beard,’
and the long ears become the hood (nene) that extends downward
on both sides of the pharaoh's head.
The Greek Universe
In Timaeus and Critias, most famous for its description of Atlantis,
Plato gives a detailed description of the 'universe’ based
on much more ancient material, which he, himself, did not understand.
Readers from his day up to the present assume that references
to 'the world' or 'the earth' describe the Earth. But these
translations were made after the thread of knowledge of the
dance encounters was lost, when no one realized that other worlds
had come close to the earth for millennia. As stated previously,
priori-Mars was also referred to as ‘heavens,’ the
same as the biblical ‘firmament.’ The following
is an example of such a statement.
He decided that it should have as many forms of life
as intelligence discerns in the perfect Living Creature. There
are four of these: the gods in heaven, birds in the air, animals
that live in water and animals that go on the dry land. The
divine form he made mostly of fire so that it should be as bright
and beautiful to look at as possible; and he made it spherical
like the universe and set it to follow the movement of the highest
intelligence, distributing it round the circle of heaven to
be a kind of universal cosmic embroidery. And he gave each divine
being two motions, one uniform in the same place, as each always
thinks the same thoughts about the same things, the other forward,
as each is subject to the movement of the Same and uniform;
but he kept them unaffected by the other five kinds of motion,
that each might be as perfect as possible. This is the origin
of the fixed stars, which are living beings divine and eternal
and remain always rotating in the same place and the same sense;
the origin of the planets and their variations, of course we
have already described. And the earth our foster-mother, [winding]
as she does about the axis of the universe1, he devised to be
the guardian and maker of night and day, and first and oldest
of the gods born within the heaven. It would be useless without
a visible model to talk about the figures of the dance of these
gods, their juxtapositions and the relative counter-revolutions
and advances of their orbits, or to describe their conjunctions
or oppositions, and, how they periodically hide each other from
us, disappear and then reappear, causing fear and anxious conjecture
about the future to those not able to calculate their movement:
Footnote:1. The meaning of these words, and in particular
the word here translated 'winding,’ have been much disputed:
... Plato has so far accounted for the apparent movements of
the heavenly bodies on the assumption that the earth is at rest
at the centre of the universe. And any interpretation of these
words must allow for this. Cornford suggests that in order to
resist the motion of the Same [the constant rotation of the
fixed stars], which it would otherwise share, ... the earth
must have a counter-motion of its own, which will exactly cancel
it out, and keep the earth at rest without rotation at the centre;
and this is what Plato means to convey by the rather odd word
'winding.’
The fires associated with the divine, spherical form were the
volcanos and the great flaming lava fountain on priori-Mars.
Each divine being had two motions - one that kept it in the
same place, ‘resisting the motion of the Same (the constant
rotation of the fixed stars) and ‘always rotating in the
same place and the same sense.’ The divine beings were
the volcanos on priori-Mars seen rotating about its axis, which
remained pointing toward the Earth. In light of the V/A scenario
this passage makes it very clear that the ‘foster-mother’
was not the Earth (our true mother), but the nearby 'world'
we call priori-Mars. In a physical sense it was seen rotating
about ‘the axis of the universe’ or axis mundi,
the axis of the two worlds. This refers to the great column
of smoke and fire, about which priori-Mars rotated with a slowly
precessing motion. Therefore the motion that the author of the
footnote is struggling with should be translated 'wobbling'
or 'precessing,’ as opposed to 'winding.’ The physics
of this motion is explained in Chaos.
Greek mythology fits the V/A scenario. All the crucial aspects
are present and there is a surprising parallel between the Greek,
Egyptian, Vedic and Hindu deities.
Endnotes
1. Worlds in Collision
, Velikovsky, Immanuel, Dell, New York, N. Y., 1950 Ibid., pp.
247-250.
2. The Flood from
Heaven, Zangger, E., William Morrow and Company, Inc., New York,
p. 114.
3. Timeaus and Critias,
by Plato, Penguin Classics, 1977, p..56.
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