Recovering the Lost World,
A Saturnian Cosmology -- Jno Cook
A Brief Synopsis.

See also the [Table of Contents]

$Revision: 21.19 $

On a whim I attended a conference in Nevada in August of 2001, given by Kronia, the organization with a website of the same name, organized by David Talbott and others. The conference dealt with aspects of the Saturnian Configuration expanded on these pages -- and more, much more.

I was familiar with the work of Immanuel Velikovsky, and the subsequent work by David Talbott. Velikovsky, in "Worlds in Collision" (1950), described how Venus interacted with Earth in ca 1500 BC. Talbott, in "The Saturn Myth" (1980), established that in remote antiquity a large globe stood above the Earth at the north horizon. Talbott's book is overwhelming in detail, and convincing in its thesis (even though he would interpret some details differently today). The conference brought out information by Wal Thornhill on plasma in space. Others in attendence were Don Scott, Dwardu Cardona, Anthony Peratt, and Marinas van der Sluijs.

But I came away from the conference unsatisfied. There was no cohesive chronology put forth, and the mechanics of an intersection of Saturn and the Solar System lacked elegance. I decided to start this text (as web pages) in an effort to put things in order and to develop a cohesive chronology.

After the conference I wrote up the information I had available to me and then the site lingered as I repeatedly got stuck. I backed up to study a few things. I had no problem with the plasma theories. What was missing were concepts and data from other disciplines. I needed a broader base to work from, and ended up spending time reading or rereading biology, evolution, geology, and archaeology. I read books supporting orthodoxy as well as books at the edge of speculation.

By mid 2003 I knew that many of the statements I had made were not supportable and that a new explication was needed. I started rewriting in February of 2004, and finished in draft form a year and a month later, March 2005. Additions, word edits, and data tweaks have continued for five years, into 2010. Even in 2009, 8 years after starting this, a few new items have come forward -- the identity of Phaethon, the identity of the planet directly below Saturn. Otherwise, except for yet another word edit, I'm done. What the investigations revealed is absolutely astounding.

Methods

My method in developing these pages has been varied. First, much of the information has been accumulated over a lifetime and so, in a manner of speaking, I had the facts on hand. Secondly, although most of the time I just had to plod through texts, checking dates, names, and other details, quite a few times the story simply jumped to mind. Of course backing up speculative insights frequently took weeks and many rewrites.

I started from four primary sources. The first of these was Immanuel Velikovsky's book, "Worlds in Collision" (1950), which related a "close approach" to Earth by Venus at the time of the Exodus in 1500 BC, and a number of destructive close passes by Mars in the 8th and 7th century BC. The information is almost entirely from literary sources rather than physical data, but it is quite convincing, even though some of the data is applied to the wrong events or the wrong era.

The second was David Talbott's book, "The Saturn Myth" (1980). Talbott's search among Egyptian and Mesopotamian sources established the image of a large globe, identified as Saturn, standing above the Earth at the north horizon in remote antiquity. Many other researchers have followed up on his initial ideas and augmented the information. A number of physical models have been suggested, of which only one made sense -- the proposal of planetary electrical fields and plasma interactions by Wallace Thornhill.

My third source, thus, was Thornhill's insistence on the electrical nature of planets (and the Sun) and the electrical interactions in the form of plasma. There is no definitive text on plasma at interplanetary levels, although Talbott and Thornhill have started a series of books on the topic. But plasma has been part of physics and electrical studies for 150 years. I have played with plasma devices since high school.

The fourth source has been Julian Jaynes' book "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind" (1976). Jaynes makes the claim that subjective consciousness did not become part of human culture (in the Near East) until the first millennium BC. The overwhelming concerns of our ancestors with the Gods in earlier antiquity was suddenly explained. Additionally, the book is a gem of insight into how we think. Jaynes' book is independent of any of the above. Jaynes' thesis allow understanding ancient texts as they were meant to be read -- without reference to metaphors, such as we all too readily attribute to texts we do not understand.

Taken together these sources present a picture of antiquity which does not match the traditional histories entertained today. But there is an amazing collection of information in agreement with the postulates of the cosmology presented here, which strongly confers validity. This cosmology suggests sensible answers to questions which remain completely unanswered by the traditional 'handed-down wisdom' usually presented as the history of mankind, the Earth, the Solar System, the Universe.

The cosmology pursued here is almost too easy to be true. Once I started the inquiry, data just fell into place, matching the mechanics of plasma interactions which I had postulated, and matching a chronology for the earliest phases, which I had taken the time to develop. I have tried to avoid being 'selective' in presenting information. I have added alternate viewpoints, including the traditional, where this was appropriate. Very little uncorrobated speculative information is included. Where I have done so, I have made note of this. There are many things we still do not know, much of which revolves around the attitudes and reactions of our ancestors.

Our contemporary attitude to the people of antiquity and remote antiquity is ambivalent. One the one hand, we make assumptions about their psyche which are obviously modern impositions, as if to say that people have always been the same. Yet, on the other hand, there is the theory that we have 'evolved' over time, suggesting that humans were much less clever in the past. This is a chauvinistic attitude which assumes that today we have full knowledge of all things. Of course every age thinks that this is so for its own era. If you look at the intricacies of flood control and irrigation in Mesopotamia during Akkadian and Sumerian times, which included massive 'public works' projects and constant maintenance, you will come to realize that these people were not less 'evolved' than us. This is just one instance. What we know of their abilities at mining and metallurgy will demonstrate the same thing.

But there was something decidedly different in antiquity. Our ancestors lived in an environment which included the Gods as absolutely real and actual. They were not metaphors for natural phenomena. The Gods were believed to be real because the concepts held about the Universe surrounding the Earth limited what could be imagined. In antiquity the space surrounding the Earth was understood in a manner radically different from our point of view. In effect humans thought of themselves as living at the bottom of a depression, surrounded by waters in the south and another land mass in the north, connected to 'middle Earth' by a stream. All this could be seen. This demands that we cannot simply assign metaphors to the descriptions which have come down to us. Their Universe was not at all like ours.

In fact, it would be a mistake to attribute any metaphorical thinking to the people of antiquity before 1500 or 1000 BC. By not doing so, it will be much easier for us to understand their images, their attitudes, and their concerns. In the minds of the ancients, and in the sparse records which have come down to us, descriptions of many phenomena were exactly equated with the phenomena, whereas we would understand these descriptions to 'represent' or to 'stand for' something else. Our attempts at understanding are derived from our facile use of imagination and metaphors, something which was entirely missing from the thinking of humans before 1500 BC and was only developed after that time.

I have attempted to keep things as simple as possible. The electrical properties of planets first proposed by Thornhill became a given. I kept to stable orbits and planets which are known, kept the planets on the ecliptic, and did not add anything new unless it started to show up in a logical manner -- that is, as explainable by mechanics and physics.

Within the limitations of unchanging orbits there is plenty of room to account for all the seemingly random interactions. The precession of the second nodal point of the orbits could account for nearly all of the sporadic interactions. These interactions happened on a regular basis, although infrequently. The interval, for example, between the interaction of Venus and Earth turns out to have been on the order of 800 years. The interval between two series of the interactions of Mars and Earth appears to have been about 2200 years.

The distances at which the planets interacted is also much larger if electrical interactions are considered. I have estimated the separation between Venus and Earth in 2349 BC (the 'flood of Noah') as about 20,000,000 miles. In 1492 BC (Exodus) the separation remained at between 9,500,000 and 12,000,000 miles. This was the extent of the 'near collision' originally proposed by Velikovsky.

Gravitational forces have had no noticeable or lasting effect in changing orbits. All of the changes can be attributed to electrical forces and electrical arcing, and these can be readily detailed and a number of instances can be located in the Earth's landscape. There is one exception: a change in inclination of the rotational axis of Earth and a change in the eccentricity of its orbit in 685 BC, is not easily explained. I have assigned this change in 685 BC to an external electrical flow of a plasma expulsion of the Sun. Such external electrical flows are also experienced today, for electrical storms arriving from the Sun are known to change the daily rotation of the Earth, although minutely.

".. a large planet stood above the North Pole
for a very long time."

The planet Saturn moved on a wildly elliptical path around the Sun in the remote past, entering the Solar System at very long intervals. Some time in the last 6 to 3 million years, perhaps after passing close to Jupiter, Saturn was placed in a much closer orbit around the Sun, very near Earth. From about 5800 BC Saturn captured and held the Earth in a sub-polar position until 3100 BC, when Earth broke away.

"The evidence of myth which points to Saturn having once occupied a position above Earth's north polar regions is voluminous. There is not a race on Earth that has not preserved at least one account which states as much. According to this evidence, Saturn occupied a central position in the north celestial regions."

"It rotated, and rotated widely; but, other than that, it was immovable. It did not rise, it did not set. It merely became brighter and more glorious each night as the Sun set. This state of affairs seems to have lasted for ages. It is the one single dictum of the ancients from which all other beliefs are derived."

-- Dwardu Cardona (1982)

What is most important about all this is the cultural and psychological reaction of the people of Earth to these events. The last 1000 years of this period (4200 BC to 3100 BC) were remembered as the "Age of the Gods" and subsequent human history has been a singular effort to regain the Paradise of that time. This period was followed by a series of adjustments in planetary orbits, many of which also had significant effects on Earth and on human history. The last of these, in 685 BC, gave the start to philosophical speculation worldwide and determined the basis of belief for all our current religions.

Humans changed after Paradise closed -- not just the rapid changes in what we would call civilization, but also the gradual achievement of a subjective consciousness. The response to these events determined how we became fully human. To say it would have happened anyway does not hold up. There could have been any number of other outcomes.

I have no particular axe to grind, no politics to promote. Let me state at the outset that this is not a 'creationist's young earth' thesis, I do not hold to extraterrestrial interventions, I have no religious or theistic proposals to make, nor do I put stock in the 'elohim' of the Old Testament. I'll remain within accepted physics -- I will not propose new solutions to gravity or offer new 'forces' for you to consider, or have planets arbitrarily leave their orbits. And I'll use accepted dates and dating.

I never meant to write as much as I did, but people asked, "So what came before 4200 BC?" That alone resulted in 4 additional chapters. And then there were minor questions on items I had never paid much attention to, like "Why was Sirius red in antiquity?", "What about the two latitudes of Babylon?", "What about the return of ten degrees promised by Isaiah to king Hezekiah?" And then, as noted directly below, I started to look at Mesoamerica.

After completing most of the chronology described in these pages in 2006, I came across the "Books of the Chilam Balam Of Chumayel" of the Yucatan Maya which were written shortly after the invasion by the Spanish. These were an attempt to secretly keep ancient myths and tales alive.

I was astounded to find among the texts a step-by-step rendition of the course of the 'creation of the world' dating back to long before 3100 BC, followed by an accounting of other catastrophic events. The events are often in much greater detail than the parallel Egyptian and Mesopotamian 'legends' in that the "Chilam Balam" provides dates which are congruent with what had already been extracted from other sources worldwide. But because the "Chilam Balan" is both terse and opaque, it took a year of effort, and two chapters to penetrate the translated texts.

In December 2008 I started looking at Olmec and other Mesoamerican sites and the iconography from the Olmec era. Again, I was amazed that celestial events of the 7th century BC, already extracted and known from Middle Eastern sources, were clearly referenced both in the horizon alignments of the ceremonial centers and in the iconography which came to dominate the graphic representations and all of the religious concerns of Mesoamerica and especially the later Maya.

The Gregorian equivalent calendar dates for the four events of antiquity were clearly recorded with site alignments -- the 'flood of Noah' of 2349 BC, the Earth shock of the Exodus in 1492 BC, the start of the 'Era of Nabonasser' in 747 BC, and the Phaethon event of 685 BC. I subsequently returned to Book 10 of the "Chilam Balam" to find five chronological references to the event of 685 BC, marked to the date.

A Synopsis

The chapters of this site will propose that the biology of our planet, our culture, our psychology, and our very existence, are the result of a series of incidents arising from the interaction between Earth and other planets within the Solar System, most notably Saturn.

The biology of Earth is such a complete accident and an utterly unlikely event that it will not likely to have ever been duplicated anywhere or at any time among the billions of other star systems. All of it, especially the rise of complex species since the Cambrian Period, 560 million years ago, can be attributed to a series of cataclysmic plasma strikes by Saturn.

Our genesis as a distinct species is due to externally induced extinction events which removed eight competing sub-species of hominids over the course of the last three million years. Our only contribution to our distinction from other animals was the invention, 40,000 years ago, of language and its subsequent cultural transmission. That set the stage for further development of our 'humanity,' much later on and much closer to our time.

At one time, and from its genesis, Earth was a planet in orbit around Saturn, a brown dwarf star. At about the time of the Cambrian, the Saturnian System intersected with the Solar System. Saturn swept around the Sun, and back into deep space, to return at regular 26 to 27 million year intervals. Over the course of time, some of the satellites (planets) of Saturn were wrenched from their orbit around Saturn to end up revolving around the Sun instead. The Earth likely became a Solar System planet at the end of the Permian, 250 million years ago.

Over the next 250 million years Saturn kept entering the Solar System regularly to disturb its lost satellites now circling the Sun. At about 10 million years ago Saturn must have had a run-in with Jupiter, a Solar System planet originally orbiting the Sun at a distance probably somewhat less than the Earth's orbit today. The orbital period of Saturn was significantly reduced as a result.

During this last 10 million year period (and perhaps earlier) Saturn started scavenging its lost satellites, and perhaps Solar System planets, all in orbits close to the Sun. The possibility of a 'captured' planet again orbitting Saturn at its equator is virtually nill. Instead, the scavenged planets ended up in suprapolar and subpolar locations, the only locations which are dynamically stable, balancing gravitational attraction against electrical repulsion in the cusp formed by the magnetic field.

The stack of planets was seen by humans and recorded in the shapes of artifacts in the Paleolithic of about two million years ago, and as carved images in the Upper Paleolithic, from 30,000 BC, and by the hundreds of millions during the early Neolithic, 7000 to 3000 BC. At about 11,000 BC or 10,000 BC the Earth also was captured, at first at the equatorial level of Saturn, causing months of darkness on Earth. The periods of darkness are recognized by many of the world's creation myths, and were recorded in the illustrated glyphic books of Mesoamerica, references to which are made in Colonial period annals and documents. Climatalogically the period is identified as the Younger Dryas, when for 1500 years Earth got as cold as it ever was.

Over the next 5000 years the orbit of Earth was progressively depressed and, between about 6000 BC and 3100 BC, Earth became part of a strange configuration of stacked planets, a condition which provided long summers and a mild climate in the northern hemisphere. Planets, including the giant Saturn, stood above the pole and close to Earth (but measured in millions of miles) and were taken by humans to be the Gods who supported them and for whose benefit they labored at agriculture and conducted trade.

In about 4200 BC Saturn dropped its coma (which had obscured Saturn and its companion planets), and in effect went nova. In a mass expulsion Saturn produced its rings and a new satellite, Venus, and lit up like a sun. To the humans of Earth, who had not clearly seen the Sun for thousands of years because of the enclosing plasmasphere of Saturn, this was the start of creation, the start of time, and the first showing of 'the land' and its resident Gods. Saturn was called "the sun."

In 3147 BC this configuration broke apart, with the large planets moving far away from the Sun, and the smaller planets assigned to a series of overlapping 'inner' orbits. The breakup produced a stupendous flood of the waters which had been held at the north pole by the gravitational attraction of Saturn for 3000 years. Flood stories are ubiquitous, found in over 500 independent 'myths' -- all with the same coherent details. The survivors included people far inland, those living already on mountain slopes, plus the people of the Nile delta and northern Mesopotamia. The only recourse to a livelihood for many of the survivors was agriculture, which sprang up simultaneously in six unconnected regions of Earth.

The breakup was caused by Jupiter, which had circled the Sun as an inner planet up to that time. Jupiter was subsequently seen receding in the skies, surrounded by a coma three times the diameter of the Moon. From below its south pole extended a gigantic plasma outpouring, making it additionally look like a mountain. Above the planet were much smaller horn-like extensions. Looking like a person in a mantle, Jupiter was taken as the new God, the "younger." Jupiter retained its massive lower outpouring until it entered the asteroid belt in about 2950 BC, after which the coma changed its shape.

Soon after 3050 BC, Mars (and Mercury) appeared near Earth for about 300 years. Mars apparently overrode the Earth's orbit and was repeatedly brought into plasma contact with Earth, looking like a squat mountain which circled the Earth's polar region -- the visual effect of the rotation of the Earth. Mars was now held to be the God in charge of Earth, Horus of the Egyptians.

This lasted to about 2750 BC, after which the regular visits of Mars ended, its orbit having been repeatedly changed through the interactions with Earth. It is in the next century that people throughout the world start building pyramids in imitation of the mountain of Mars, almost simultaneously everywhere -- in Egypt, Mesopotamia, England, China, and in the Andies of South America.

We have recorded histories of all these events. There are accurate descriptions of the rings and the number of satellites of Saturn, the bands and satellites of Jupiter, and the scarred surface and satellites of Mars, all dating from remote antiquity and spanning cultures worldwide. The Egyptians produced images of the original configuration of Saturn and its planets, and have a record of early close passes by Mars. Mesopotamians also produced images of the planets, graphically showing, for example, all the satellites of Jupiter. The Maya (from Olmec sources) have an undated record of the planetary interactions from long before 3100 BC, and a dated record of later events which matches what can be gleaned from Eastern Mediterranean sources. India has similar recollections of the events extending over millions of lines of poetry. The Quiche Maya "Popol Vuh" and pages of the Maya "Books of the Chilam Balam" makes casual references to the period of 7000 years ago. One page of the "Chilam Balam" seems to record the Saturnian planets as seen 22,000 years ago.

Over the next 2500 years (3100 BC to 685 BC) the inner planets interfered with Earth at intervals, although very infrequently -- there were three major incidents. The damage generally was localized in latitude although, for example, the continuous lightning strike of ca 1500 BC encircled the globe.

The most terrifying incident happened in 2349 BC, when a 'close approach' of Venus (estimated at a distance of 20 million miles), produced an Earth shock in the northern hemisphere, tilting the Earth's axis away from the Sun temporarily, and tilting up the equatorial rings of the Earth. This was followed within hours by a massive plasmoid lightning strike from Venus which hit the rings almost broadside, followed somewhat later by lesser bolts, recorded in Mesoamerica and China.

The electrical contact with Venus lasted 2 1/2 days. It turned the equatorial rings blood red and caused the destruction of the rings from lightning bolts which arced over from the Earth's lower equatorial atmosphere or the plasma toroid of the Van Allen belt. The sky bled for three days, and all except a single ring disappeared. The cleared southern skies, previously obscured by the Earth's rings, revealed a multitude of stars for the first time, most notably the Pleiades.

The equatorial plasma toroid also arced over to the surface of Earth, producing months of torrential hurricanes. To humanity, the sea in the south sky had collapsed to Earth, and the event was almost everywhere understood as a second flood of stupendous magnitude. The Bible recalls this event as the flood of Noah. But to most peoples the blood seen in the sky suggested the wholesale slaughter of humanity, and any number of raging goddesses or dragons were assigned to this event in mythology worldwide -- Kali, Tiamat, Anath, Sekhmet, Hathor. The event itself remains commemorated as the "Day of the Dead," almost universally associated with the culmination of the Pleiades in autumn. Echos of the fall of the rings and the surrounding circumstances continue to resound in mythology and, to this day, in the narratives of many religions. Many nations also date the start of all sensible history from this event.

Eight hundred years later, in 1492 BC, Venus again made electrical contact with Earth, causing a crushing repulsive blow in the south Pacific. The Pacific islands were wiped clean of any trace of humanity, except for the petroglyphs carved on every island thousands of years earlier. Coastal South America and Central America were inundated with water, leaving sea water traces in lakes high in the Andies, and possibly causing a sudden rise in the coastal range of the Andies by thousands of feet. The blow was followed by an electrical arc traveling through the Pacific, the Indian Ocean, part of India, and, as the Earth's axis angled toward the Sun, following a path of increasingly higher latitude and into the Mediterranean. Moses made his escape from Egypt during the turmoil. The event is recalled in mythology as the attack of the monster Typhon who is struck down by Zeus. The major result of the contact was a 20 percent increase in the orbit of the Earth. The year went from 273 days to 360 days.

Another 700 years later it was Mars and Mercury which closed in on Earth, starting in 806 BC, followed with repeated electrical arc contacts at 15 year intervals and causing an Earth shock in 747 BC. The destruction of the 8th and 7th century BC was spread over areas in the western Mediterranean measuring more than 600 miles from end to end, and was much more extensive than that of any earthquake. (Similar destructions were experienced in Mesoamerica.) Hilltop citadels, from the Persian plateau to Greece, were destroyed by lightning strikes and quake-like convulsions, and buried under yards of carbonized material mixed with soil. These simultaneous destructions have been noted in the archaeological record. Some six incidents have been dated, often many hundreds of years apart. Bolsena (Volsinii Novi), a city in Italy, was obliterated by a lightning bolt measuring more than 5 miles in diameter -- if we are to believe Pliny, who presents this from much older Etruscan sources. Mars, the planet responsible for the destructions, became the next sky God and set a tone for human conduct, lasting to this day.

The movement of tribes away from devastated areas into new regions after about 1500 BC, resulted in an expansion of our imagination as a way of coping with the changes. This development of subjective consciousness (as opposed to mere consciousness) was a cultural innovation and was the major change which made us human. Subjective consciousness came to be taught to children by parents, exactly like language is taught. The teaching of subjective consciousness (like the teaching of language) can be readily observed today. Before this time there was little need to cope with change. The people of Egypt and Mesopotamia (for whom we have records) had remained stagnant in the way of life of their forbears for thousands upon thousands of years.

The major change in humanity, however, which suddenly brought people up to our current expectations, happened subsequent to events of the seventh century BC. In 685 BC Venus, along with Mercury, blazed up as bright as the Sun and were seen in the daytime skies with the Sun for forty days starting on June 22. The event was probably an extraordinary plasma output by the Sun. This can confidently be identified as the Phaethon event. Mercury is Phaethon.

In July of 685 BC, Jupiter also flared up in response to the Sun's increased output, and on July 14 sent a return lightning stroke, a plasmoid bolt, headed for the Sun. It arrived on July 25th. The plasmoid was seen in foreshortened form by Europe and Asia, and is depicted in sculptures and illustrations and even on coins. The Mediterranean nations considered that Venus was struck -- the bolt from Zeus which toppled Phaethon from the Sun's chariot. Mesoamerica saw the plasmoid at full length, and depicted it correspondingly differently. Their understanding was that Mars, standing next to the Sun in the sky, was struck.

As experienced by Earth, the after-effects of the 40 days of extreme solar activity, was a rotation of the dome of the stars, the relocation of the polar axis from Ursa Major to near Ursa Minor, and the delay of spring by some 15 days. A new equinox was suddenly established. The aphelion of the Earth's orbit (the location furthest from the Sun) changed, and 120 years of interference by Mars came to a sudden halt. It appeared to many that God, Jupiter, the historical supreme God of antiquity, had saved mankind from destruction. No further interactions with any of the planets have ever happened since.

Within 100 years of this event, we see the simultaneous rise of philosophical studies, much as we understand them today, in China, India, and Mesopotamia -- well before there was any cultural transmission between these areas. It had appeared to all as if a far greater power, beyond the dome of the stars, had moved the stars and planets. The causes for natural phenomena were now sought elsewhere than in the whims of the old planetary Gods.

With the realization of the existence of a power beyond the planets and stars, we also see the sudden rise of all the modern religions within the span of 100 years -- Taoism and Confucianism in China, Buddhism and Jainism in India with its subsequent influence on Hinduism, Zoroasterianism (Mazdaism) in Persia and its influence on Judaism, Mithraism, Christianity, and eventually on Islam. Similar changes are attested to in Mesoamerica, dating from shortly after 600 BC.

When in 670 BC the Earth's orbit became nearly circular (for unknown reasons), the Earth was also removed from any future interference by Mars or the inner planets.

Could all this really have happened? Religions have attempted to explain all of it, initially as narrations of the observed events, eventually as metaphors of spiritual states. Science, on the other hand, has spent the last few hundred years negating that anything happened at all. But a look at the histories, what we call myths, of people from regions as diverse as Mesopotamia and Mesoamerica will reveal that they are in complete agreement with each other. Add to these the various 'myths' of the people of China, India, South America, Greece, and thousands of others, and a consistent picture of the past emerges.

Or fly over the regions of, for example, the western United States, and you will soon be convinced that the waves of hills, the conical dumps of windborn soil, the distorted mountains, and the widely varied landscape cannot possibly be the result of eons of slow movement and metamorphosis of the Earth's crust. The surface of Earth was battered and wracked convulsively, and recently.

The Olmec, Mexica, Maya

The alignments of ceremonial centers with distant volcanoes, for the Olmec region and the Valley of Mexico, accurately recall the dates of the Earth shock of 2349 BC, 1492 BC, 747 BC, and the changes of 685 BC. The alignments also clearly indicate that the axial inclination of the Earth changed in 685 BC. If it had not been for this particular investigation, I would have yet been uncertain if indeed the axial inclination of the Earth had changed from 30 degrees to 23.5 degrees. But the information gleaned from an investigation of these site alignments is an overwhelming confirmation of this.

At the end of Chapter 21, "The Day of Kan," I made note of the astounding capabilities of the people of Mexico, to quote:

"It means that we are dealing here with able historians, excellent geographers, superb observational astronomers, and astute mathematicians."

"Before the Spanish destroyed all their records, these stone-age people had the longest continuous historical records in the world, the only accurate record of past celestial events, and the closest observations of the Sun."

The "Chilam Balam" records five intervals in 685 BC, relevant to the flare-up of Venus and Mercury, and the delivery of the plasmoid from Jupiter -- so that we can assign actual calendar dates to this event. The dates are recorded also in the site alignments of Olmec and Valley of Mexico sites after 685 BC. We have these records of alignments because the people of Central America were a very stable society, who assigned primacy to single sites for periods of 520 years -- starting with Monte Alto (in Guatemala) in about 1900 BC, and then to San Lorenzo, Tres Zapotes (until 747 BC), La Venta, Monte Alban (?), Teotihuacan, Tula, and Cholula in turn. Their concerns with celestial events can be traced in their sculptures, and the date when some of the sites were abandoned or destroyed.

An extensive accounting of all this may be found at my website, [saturniancosmology.org].

URL of this text: http://saturniancosmology.org/short.htm

November 2008; Jno Cook, r7/09, u10/09

A version of this text appeared in Dutch in Frontier Magazine (Nederland), as "De rol van Saturnus in de evoluatine van het heelal" (Volume 15.4 and Volume 15.5, 2009).