http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ mirrored file For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== Let us remind, that Tunguska catastrophe took place in June 30, 1908 at Siberia (Russia). Investigations of Tunguska catastrophe was initiated by efforts of serious russian scientists. A lot of important results was obtained during first half of XX century. In accordance to _strict final official position_ of Committee of meteorites of Russian Academy of Sciences (was stated in 1962, chairman - famous astronomer, academician V.G.Fesenkov) _comet nature_ of Tunguska event was determined with conclusion of mainly _southern direction_ of motion of meteor body _(mainly from south to north)_. This direction of motion of Tunguska meteor body was strictly stated until 1962 by well-known russian scientists and earliest researchers L.A.Kulik, I.S.Astapovich, E.L.Krinov, V.G.Fesenkov etc.. The distortion of Tunguska's trajectory was produced mainly by russian astronomer and member of Committee of meteorites V.A.Bronshten in the middle of XX century. He was expert in astronomy, but he was not expert in gasdynamics. He did not understand laws of shock waves formation and made erroneous conclusions concerning azimuth angle of Tunguska's trajectory in atmosphere due to his imagination about symmetry of "butterfly-like" region of trees fall. In accordance to V.A.Bronshten, the Tunguska space body was moving across the sky from east to west. Unfortunately, a lot of scientists did not notice this blunder and include erroneous opinion by V.A.Bronshten into their own papers. It was tragical moment in the history of science, when the blunder by V.A.Bronshten distorted real imagination about the Tunguska event. In 1988 A.E.Zlobin (Central Institute of Aviation Motors, CIAM, Moscow ) took part in expedition into the region of Tunguska catastrophe. He carried out a lot of different investigations concerning searching of substance, determining of thermal properties of trees rind, determining of heat impulse, photographing etc. At the same year A.E.Zlobin began his work on mathematical modeling of Tunguska impact. In 1995 A.E.Zlobin took part in International Conference "Ecological Consequences of the Collision of the Earth with Small Bodies of Solar System" which took place in the Building of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, July 18 - 19). During his speech A.E.Zlobin has declared tragedy of uncorrect eastern trajectory of the Tunguska comet's nucleus, has criticized the same hypnosis due to butterfly-like form of tree fall, has mentioned unusual properties of comet's substance due to ultra low temperature, has determined depth of heating of external layers of comet's nucleus due to radiation of Sun during long orbital period (several ten metres) etc. In 1996 A.E.Zlobin strictly confirmed correctness of southern trajectory (mainly from south-south-east to north-north-west). For the first time in 1996 A.E.Zlobin's opinion was published concerning interpretation of "horseshoe-like" thin structure at southern region of trees fall. This structure was interpreted by A.E.Zlobin as influence of ballistic shock wave cone (gasdynamic caustic influence). This opinion of A.E.Zlobin was included into final book by academician N.V.Vasilijev "Tunguska meteorite. Space phenomenon of 1908 summer" [Moscow, 2004]. N.V.Vasilijev spent above 40 years of his life for investigation of the Tunguska catastrophe. Also N.V.Vasilijev noticed in his book that A.E.Zlobin is not far from truth in something. After 1996 became clear, that approximately half of energy was registered as ballistic shock wave cone influence. In 1998 A.E.Zlobin took part in the Sixth Scientific Seminar "Untraditional Aspects of Geology" (Tunguska Section) / Geological Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University / February 6-7. Abstracts of this seminar was published in Informational Bulletin of Ministry of Natural Resources of Russian Federation, 1998, Moscow]. During the seminar A.E.Zlobin declared heat impulse of the Tunguska explosion as 3 - 7 cal/cm2. This value of heat impulse was obtained by A.E.Zlobin during expedition of 1988, special experimental investigation and accurate calculations with the help of 2-D FEM. It became clear that low value of heat impulse is comparable to low velocity of the Tunguska space body. The meeting devoted to theoretical aspects of the Tunguska problem was held in the Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres (April 26, 1999). Scientists from Moscow took part in the meeting (V.V.Adushkin, V.P.Korobeinikov, I.V.Nemtchinov, A.Yu.Ol'khovatov, V.A.Romeyko, V.V.Shuvalov, V.P.Stulov, V.V. Svetsov, G.A.Tirskiy, A.E.Zlobin, I.T.Zotkin, and others). Considerable criticism was expressed concerning level of Tunguska investigations. Critical speeches were delivered by G.A.Tirskiy, A.E.Zlobin and A.Yu.Ol'khovatov. A number of principal subjects concerning Tunguska meteorite were discussed. Serious investigations of today are connected with accurate numerical modelling of the Tunguska event including usage of high level mathematical models. _Today, mainly southern direction_ of motion of Tunguska meteor body _is strictly confirmed_ with methods of practical gasdynamics, heat transfer and stress analysis. That is why we supportes final official position of Committee of meteorites of Russian Academy of Sciences [1962] and not recommend any attempts of distortions of this serious position. One of the most serious results was presented by G.A.Nikolsky (Head of the radiative atmospheric energetics sector, Institute of Physics, St.Petersburg State University), E.O.Shults (Scientific collaborator, Institute of Physics, St.Petersburg State University), M.N.Tsinbal, V.E.Shnitke (Petersburg State Technological University), Yu.D.Medvedev (Head of the cometary and satellites dynamics laboratory, Institute of Theoretical Astronomy, Russian Academy Sciences). These authors considerably concretised pattern of interaction between comet's nucleus and atmosphere and calculated dynamic characteristics of this interaction from position of correct trajectory (motion from south to north). It was stated correct low density and low velocity of the nucleus, prolonged trajectory and final destruction of the Tunguska comet accompanied with intensive forming of cloud of low temperature plasma. In 2000 special numerical experiment "Tunguska-2000" was carried out by A.E.Zlobin, which confirm low density and low velocity of the Tunguska comet too. Also region of sedimentation of substance were concretised. It was noted good conformity to representations of academician V.G.Fesenkov concerning structure of comets. At the beginning of 2003 final main mechanism of destruction of the Tunguska space body was concretised by A.E.Zlobin with high detailed resolution. Today we can describe level of Tunguska investigations as level of increasing of accuracy of numerical solution. Main difficulty of explanation and accurate description of the Tunguska event is very expensive unsteady 3-D mathematical modelling. Till now we combine mathematical model as several different modules, which explain main stages of the event. Some of these modules are already three-dimensional, but some of them one- or two-dimensional (quasi two-dimensional or quasi three-dimensional). Certainly, we have already obtained good results and conclusions with these level of approximation. However, the case of Tunguska comet impact require only full unsteady 3-D mathematical modelling for accurate description of all features of the catastrophe. Now is absolutely clear, that phenomenon of comet's nucleus impact has a lot of differences from ordinary impact events, caused by stony or iron meteorites. Another parameters and physical processes are being carried out during destruction of comet's nucleus in atmosphere. Another consequences are being discovered during investigations of impact region. Another mathematical models describe comet impact event. Unusual processes and consequences makes difficult for understanding such phenomenon as comet nucleus impact. That is why a lot of researchers had a lot of problems with solution of paradox of the Tunguska "meteorite". Some results of last numerical experiment "Tunguska-Century" which was carried out by A.E.Zlobin was included into the paper of 2007 Planetary Defence Conference (see web-presentation). Now A.E.Zlobin has interest to training of people against comets and asteroids danger, its mechanical, thermal and electromagnetic influence. This task also require very accurate results of 3-D mathematical modeling. Today we also can say that one fragment of Tunguska impactor is found (see Press Release). . P.S. You should pay attention that only very small part of really scientific information concerning the Tunguska event was translated from Russian into English till now. Giant array of this information is accessible only for several experts in the world.