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1.

Preface
2. The Electric Universe
3. A Little History
4. What Big Bang?
5. Electric Galaxies
6. Electric Stars
7. Planets
8. Electrical Cratering
9. Electrical Weather
10. Life Itself
11. Some Basics
12. So What?

2. THE ELECTRIC UNIVERSE 

The Electric Universe model is a coherent "Big Picture" of our
situation in the universe, spanning many disciplines. It highlights
repeated electrical patterns at all scales that enable laboratory
experiments to explain the strange, energetic events seen, for
example, in deep space, on the Sun, and on Jupiter's moon, Io. The
Electric Universe works backward in time using observations rather
than forward from some idealised theoretical beginning. It provides
simple answers to problems that are now clothed in fashionable
metaphysics and mysticism. It is more interdisciplinary and inclusive
of information than any prior cosmology. It points to practical
possibilities far beyond the limits set by current science.

The Electric Universe model grew out of a broad interdisciplinary
approach to science. It is not a technique taught in universities. The
Electric Universe is based more on observations and experiment than
abstract theory. It recognizes connections between diverse
disciplines. It concludes that the crucial requirement for
understanding the universe is to take fully into account the basic
electrical nature of atoms and their interactions. Strangely, this is
not the case in conventional cosmology where weaker magnetism and the
infinitely weaker force of gravity rule the cosmos. Such a
simplification may suit a theoretical physics based on electrical
neutrality of matter in Earthly laboratories but it does not apply in
space where plasma dominates.

Plasma has been called the "fourth state" of matter, after solids,
liquids and gases. Most of the matter in the universe is in the form
of plasma. A plasma is formed if some of the negatively charged
electrons are separated from their host atoms in a gas, leaving the
atoms with a positive charge. The negatively charged electrons, and
the positively charged atoms (known as positive ions) are then free to
move separately under the influence of an applied voltage or magnetic
field. Their net movement constitutes an electrical current. So, one
of the more important properties of a plasma is that it can conduct
electrical current. It does so by forming current filaments that
follow magnetic field lines. Filamentary patterns are ubiquitous in
the cosmos.

Planetary Nebula

With the advent of radio telescopes it was found that plasma in space
is threaded with magnetic fields. Astrophysicists have been content to
assume that magnetic fields are "trapped" in plasma. It keeps the
mathematics "do-able". However, to trap magnetic fields, plasma would
need to be a superconductor. But plasma physicists know that is not
the case. So the observed magnetic fields must naturally decay as
their stored energy is radiated away across the electromagnetic
spectrum.

To explain the observed magnetic fields requires an electrical power
source. But there is no such concept in astrophysics! 

As a result the Electric Universe turns to plasma physicists who for
many years have provided a simple theoretical and experimental basis
for an electrically powered cosmos. If evidence were required that
investigative journalism in science is "dead in the water", as one
noted astronomer has remarked, it is that plasma cosmology is
practically unknown to the public. The media prefers the easy option
of science fiction theories about things we cannot see - the Big Bang,
black holes, neutron stars and dark matter, instead of boring
classical physics and laboratory plasma experiments. This is
exceedingly perverse when plasma physicists best understand the
behavior of charged plasma, which forms 99% of the matter in the
universe, while cosmologists treat stars and galaxies with the
restricted physics of neutral matter at the Earth's surface. They talk
of "winds" and shock fronts when in fact the processes are mostly
electrical and filamentary. Viewed from the perspective of the
Electric Universe, it is electrical energy that shapes and lights the
galaxies. Wherever spacecraft detect x-rays we are witnesses to
powerful electric discharge phenomena. Galaxies, stars, planets and
comets all emit x-rays. 

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©Wal Thornhill 2000