mirrored file at http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== [eu_head.gif] [hol_nav.gif] [news_nav.gif] [views_nav.gif] [links_nav.gif] [email_nav.gif] 1. Preface 2. The Electric Universe 3. A Little History 4. What Big Bang? 5. Electric Galaxies 6. Electric Stars 7. Planets 8. Electrical Cratering 9. Electrical Weather 10. Life Itself 11. Some Basics 12. So What? 11. SOME BASICS (CONTINUED) Gravity Sansbury's electrical model of matter leads to a simple explanation of gravity that allows space to be three-dimensional and Euclidean - which is the way we perceive it. The unification of gravity with the other forces, that has been the subject of almost a century of wild-goose-chases, turns out to be simple. It is merely another manifestation of the electrostatic force. Each proton, neutron and electron, being composed of both positive and negative charge, will respond to an imposed electric force by distorting into an ellipsoid with a positive and negative pole, in other words an electric dipole. We have already proposed the near-infinite speed of the electrostatic force, required for the force of gravity, but the electric force can either attract or repel, whereas gravity always attracts. The simple answer to this problem lies in the nature of electrostatic dipoles which, when free to move, always tend to align themselves so as to mutually attract. So gravity is the force due to the sum of all the instantaneous electrostatic dipolar forces between one massive body and another. Note that it has nothing to do with bulk charge separation, although an electrically charged body will exhibit a modified force of gravity. It is particularly noticeable that many physics textbooks deal only cursorily, if at all, with electric dipole theory. The subject has been left to chemists who deal with molecular dipole forces and who have noted the similarity to gravity. This oversight may be recognized in future as a crucial failure of 20th century physics. The electrostatic dipole model of gravity explains why "G", the universal gravitational constant, is the most ill-determined physical constant of all. The simple answer is that "G" is neither constant nor universal! This fact can explain how electrical interactions between planets will create stable orbits in a very short period of time. It also acts to prevent direct impacts between massive bodies and facilitates the capture of satellites. Magnetism Magnetism results when electrons move in response to an electric force. Magnetism is a transverse electrostatic force resulting from the distortion of moving electrons by an applied electric force to form electronic dipoles. Sansbury has derived all of Ampere's laws from the theory of transverse forces between electronic dipoles. Light In the Electric Universe model, fields, electromagnetic waves and photons are all unnecessary theoretical constructs. How can light be either a wave or a particle depending on some hypothetical observer? If it were a wave it would require a medium to carry the wave. If light were a particle, how does that explain wave interference? And what is meant physically by the "collapse" of a wave function? By proposing that an electromagnetic disturbance is due to an oscillating near-instantaneous electrostatic force, the simplification is enormous. What we measure as the speed of light is then a delayed response of bulk electric charge to an oscillating near-instantaneous electrostatic force. Recent experiments that have demonstrated faster-than-light effects may be more simply explained by this model. Mass The equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass has always been a puzzle. However, it is a simple outcome of the electrical model. When one object exerts a force on another the interaction at the atomic level is electrostatic, the same as gravity. The mass of a particle is a measure of its deformability in the presence of an electrostatic force. The more easily a particle can absorb energy elastically in its deformation, rather than in its acceleration, the more massive it appears to be. The larger proton is more easily deformed than the tiny electron. However, the more a particle is deformed the more it soaks up energy in further deformation. This gives rise to the observed apparent mass increase of accelerated charged particles in particle accelerators. Once again, energy is not being converted into matter. Antimatter One success of the purely theoretical approach to particle physics was the prediction of the existence of anti-particles: the positron, anti-proton and anti-neutron. They were subsequently discovered, but without an accurate physical model of the structure of normal matter it led to serious cosmological questions about where all of the anti-matter had gone when normal matter was created Ð the assumption being that it must have materialized in equal quantities from pure energy according to E = mc2. Sansbury's model suggests that matter and anti-matter are not created from radiant energy but are alternate resonant forms of the same "normal" sub-particles, with the sign of the charge reversed. When an electron and its anti-particle, the positron, "annihilate" they simply create a new resonant neutral particle of very low mass Ð in other words, one that is highly resistant to electrostatic deformation Ð a neutrino, plus radiation. The decay path for annihilation of protons and neutrons and their respective anti-particles involves a chain of events that result in neutrinos, radiation and electron-positron pairs. So the final result will always be neutrinos and radiation. A neutrino would seem to be a resonant neutral particle that achieves a very low ground-state by radiating most of its orbital energy away in the form of gamma rays. That would make it extremely small and low in mass. ^ Top of Page---------Next Page >> [cd_head.jpg] ©Wal Thornhill 2000