A NEW PARADIGM OF SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT - THE ELECTRIC UNIVERSE Article 13 : Black Holes and the Oort Cloud by Rev Nicholas Sykes I intend this year to move toward what the Electric Universe paradigm does to our concepts of mass and gravity. In other words we shall move away from cosmology somewhat and come down to earth. But there are two cosmology issues already mentioned that are left to be dealt with, and these we will look at today. These are the ideas of "black holes" and the "Oort cloud", both of them now part of standard theory in the Gravitational Universe paradigm. Black Holes In the standard paradigm a "Black Hole" is considered to be an entity of such huge mass that even light cannot escape from its gravitational attraction. That is why it is considered to be absolutely "black". Moreover, once any body possessing mass has fallen into it beyond its "event horizon", it will never be able to escape or be detected. Until recently a Black Hole was considered to "swallow" anything and everything that approached it, but lately Stephen Hawking announced that "information" could escape from it, albeit in garbled form. However, it has now become standard to claim that a Black Hole may be the source of powerful synchrotron radiation. It is also claimed that supermassive Black Holes occupy the heart of galaxies, and indeed that one resides at the heart of our own Milky Way galaxy. This is because of the observed high speed of revolution of certain massive entities around the supposed position of a Black Hole at the heart of the galaxy. One can conceive of a Black Hole, therefore, as functioning in a similar manner to "Dark Matter", the presence of which is considered to be necessary in a Gravitational Universe to hold together a galaxy or a group of galaxies; without it the angular velocity of the outermost portions would cause them to become detached from the whole. However, Black Holes and Dark Matter originated as two separate concepts - Black Holes are not themselves depicted as consisting of Dark Matter. Nevertheless the need for them both arises in standard cosmology from the same problem: there is not nearly enough verifiable matter to provide the gravitational force understood to be necessary, from the observation of galactic velocities, to provide the cohesion that is also observed. Both Black Holes and Dark Matter, however, suffer from equally baffling conceptual difficulties, which should cause anyone of a scientific or rational frame of mind to question their very existence. Each concept's conceptual difficulty results in its being fundamentally unverifiable with the tools of science. A "Black Hole" cannot be seen because no light can leave one. "Dark Matter" is defined in a manner that conceives it to possess gravitational force but not to manifest its existence by the senses in the way ordinary matter does. If we were not beholden to the idea that Gravity ruled the universe, we might well be tempted to regard them both as examples of mathematical fudge. In the Electric Universe paradigm, we are indeed not beholden to the understanding that the cosmos is held together principally by Gravity. In an Electric Universe the presence of the electric force, which can reasonably be regarded as 10^39 (i.e. one thousand million million million million million million) times as strong as the gravitational force, is what changes everything. It is the electric force that "holds in" the bodies that revolve at otherwise unaccountable rates (as we have noted with respect to "Dark Matter" in a previous article), and, indeed, that accounts for the synchrotron radiation detected by astronomers. Because of this electric force, operating in somewhat similar way to Faraday's homopolar motor, the fudge of neither Dark Matter nor Black Holes is necessary to account for the cosmic cohesion that we see, and both concepts can be consigned to the dustbin of human history, or, as Wal Thornhill more politely puts it, can be retired. Comets and The Oort Cloud The Oort Cloud is named for the astronomer Jan Hendrik Oort, who sought to explain that comets would have had to be "stored" for billions of years in a cold, dark and wet "cloud" around the outermost reaches of the solar system, before some eventually escaped and made their way into its more central regions nearer the Sun. Oort and a predecessor Ernst Opik reasoned that the currently observed paths of comets cannot be where they were originally formed (at the time the solar system was supposedly formed), because in that case by now they would all have either collided with the Sun or been ejected from the solar system by planetary perturbations. The explanation is considered appropriate enough for a scenario of comets as "dirty snowballs", coming into the inner solar system as cold, wet and dusty. The heat of the sun, it is supposed, will boil off the moisture and any other volatile material until the comet develops an insulating crust, and will force the dusty material of the comet to dissipate as a tail. Unfortunately for this explanation, the actual behaviour or observed composition of comets has not conformed at all well with it. Direct analysis of comets has never produced evidence of anything cold and slushy about them or within them. The Electric Universe paradigm, however, provides a scenario of comets being the remnants of planetary interactions of a mainly electrical nature. Cometary surfaces, which are hard like their interiors, typically show evidence of deep electrical scarring or "machining". When they interact with the sun or even with artificial projectiles, as in the Tempel 1 experiment, evidence is provided of the rapid neutralisation of differing electric potentials when the interacting bodies come close. The experimenters were amazed in the Tempel 1 "Deep Impact" interaction experiment that a flash of light was seen before the projectile hit the comet's surface, and that a far greater flash than expected was seen on impact. However, these "unexpected" observations conformed with what the Electric Universe researcher Wal Thornhill had predicted. For much fuller details of this key experiment refer to http://www.thunderbolts.info/thunderblogs/archives/special_edition/100 515_se_teu7.htm The electrical energy input to the impact explosion had, of course, been omitted by the standard theorists, as well as the consideration of any possibility of an advance flash. Like other imaginary concepts born of the inadequate assumptions of the Gravitational Universe paradigm, which should now be ripe for wholesale overthrow, the supposed "Oort Cloud" is a fiction. The existence of comets on their present trajectories with the use of current tools of observation and analysis reveals their genesis to be not in a distant past, but rather in a solar system that has been powerfully interactive in relatively recent times. Such a conclusion, unfeasible in the old paradigm, is made possible by an electric universe paradigm, for which the phenomenon of comets provides, along with a host of other observations and phenomena, massive additional confirmation. For more information on the new paradigm, see www.holoscience.com and www.thunderbolts.info Previous articles may be seen at www.churchofenglandcayman.com and through the "thunderblog" link in www.thunderbolts.info