Share Email Earn FacebookTwitterGoogle+Lockerz GrabDeliciousDiggGoogle BookmarksMySpaceStumbleUponRedditMessengerVodpodYahoo BookmarksBeboMister-WongWordPressGoogle ReaderOrkutXINGEvernoteNetvibes ShareStrandsPosterousBusiness ExchangeArtoTipdSmakNewsPlurkAIMYahoo MessengerIdenti.caMozillacaBlogger PostTypePad PostBox.netPinterestNetlogTechnorati FavoritesCiteULikeJumptagsHemidemiFunPInstapaperPhoneFavsXerpiNetvouzWinkDiigoBibSonomyBlogMarksTailrankStartAidKledyKhabbrMeneameYoolinkBookmarks.frTechnotizieNewsVineMultiplyFriendFeedPlaxo PulsePingSquidooProtopage BookmarksBlinklistFavesYiGGWebnewsSegnaloPushaYouMobSlashdotFarkAllvoicesJamespotImera BrazilTwiddlaLinkaGoGounalogHuggDiglogNowPublicTumblrLiveJournalCurrentHelloTxtSpurlYampleOneviewLinkatopiaSimpyLinkedInBuddyMarksAsk.com MyStuffViadeoMapleWistsConnoteaBackflipMyLinkVaultSiteJotSphinnDZoneCare2 NewsHyvesSphereBitty BrowserGabbrSymbaloo FeedsTagzaFolkdNewsTrustAmazon Wish ListPrintFriendlyRead It LaterTuentiEmailRediff MyPage Google GmailYahoo MailHotmailAOL MailAny email By Lockerz thunderbolts.info A voice for the Electric Universe Skip to content Home about us our team what’s new thunderbolts news thunderblogs essential guide to the electric universe multimedia credits picture of the day tpod archive tpod credits events Electric Universe 2012 Conference: The Human Story Register Now Registration Confirmation – EU 2012 Conference Themes – EU 2012 Conference A New Picture of Space Our Electric Sun Of Gods and Planets The Electricity of Life Speakers – EU 2012 Conference Schedule – EU 2012 Conference Media & Press – EU 2012 Conference Location & Hotel – EU 2012 Conference Spread the Word – EU 2012 Conference Affiliate Banners EU2012 Encore Symposium legacy archives tpod legacy chronological archive tpod legacy subject archive thunderblogs legacy chronological archive thunderblogs legacy archive by subject thunderblogs legacy archive by author multimedia legacy archive resources synopsis the electric sky – preview the electric sky – preface thunderbolts of the gods – preview thunderbolts of the gods – excerpts predictions predictions pending predictions confirmed forum get involved volunteer registration contact us support us ← Discovering the Electric Sun – Part 1 Our Mysterious and Variable Sun → Voyager 1 Updates Solar Electron Flux Posted on December 8, 2011 by Prof. Donald E. Scott Seems Voyager 1 has been able to supply us with more accurate data to enable new calculations of the Solar Electron Flux[1]. In the late 1970’s Ralph Juergens investigated how (or whether) the Sun could be obtaining its energy via an externally supplied flow of electrical power[2]. Now, in late 2011, we find that, because of data just recovered by the Voyager I space probe, Juergens’ estimate of the number of available incoming electrons was far too conservative. Either that, or his initial estimate of the Sun’s required cathode drop (voltage) was far too high. A recent NASA release entitled NASA’s Voyager Hits New Region at Solar System Edge[3] provides the following important updates to the information Juergens used in making his estimates: Voyager 1 is now approaching the heliopause (the outer surface of the Sun’s plasmasphere). It is approximately 11 billion miles (18 billion kilometers) from the Sun. The probe has not yet crossed the boundary into interstellar space so this is a minimum estimate of the radius of the heliosphere. Voyager has detected a 100-fold increase in the intensity of high-energy electrons entering our solar system from elsewhere in the galaxy. The probe has been measuring the speed of the solar wind and for the first time in its journey, the wind now “blows back at us”. The “solar constant,” defined as the total radiant energy at all wavelengths reaching an area of one square centimeter at the Earth’s distance from the Sun, is about 0.137 watts per square centimeter[4]. It works out, then, that the Sun must be emitting about 6.5×107 watts per square meter of solar “surface,” and the total power output of the Sun is approximately 4×1026 watts. The hypothetical electric input must then provide a power of 4×1026 watts. Juergens posited that the Sun’s cathode drop is of the order of 1010 volts. In that event the total power input divided by that voltage is 4×1016 amperes. The velocity of the interstellar winds is estimated[5] at 200 – 1000 km/s. This is in the range 2×105 and 106 m/s. So let us suppose that the effective velocity of a typical interstellar electron is at least 105 m/s. At the time Juergens made his calculation (1979), current estimates of the state of ionization of the interstellar gas were that there should be at least 100,000 free electrons per cubic m. But in light of the new updates (see #2 above), this is now increased 100 fold to 107. The random electric current of these electrons would be Ir = Nev where N is the electron density per cubic meter, e is the electron charge in coulombs, and v is the average velocity of the electrons (in m/s). Using these values, we find that the random electric current density is about 1.6×10-7 Amp per square meter through a surface oriented at any angle. The total electron current that can be drawn by the solar discharge is the product of this random current density and the surface area of the sphere occupied by the cathode drop. We now have a fairly good measurement of how large this sphere is (see update #1 above). Its radius is approximately 1.8×1013 m, so its spherical boundary must have a collecting surface area of something greater than 4×1027 square meters. Such a surface would then collect a current of interstellar electrons amounting to approximately 1.6×10-7 Amp per square meter x 4×1027 square meters = 6.4×1020 A. (Some 16,000 times the number needed!). Of course this calculation involves many estimated quantities, but the point is that it is not reasonable to conclude that there are not enough electrons entering the Sun’s environment to power it. In fact, in light of the new NASA data, it is now possible to reduce our estimate of the Sun’s voltage to 1010/16,000 = 6.25 million volts. NASA’s observation (#3 above) that the direction of the solar wind actually reverses (begins to flow sunward) out near the heliopause is further confirmation that the analogy between the behavior of the Sun’s surrounding plasma and what is observed in laboratory “gas” (plasma) discharge tubes is a valid one. Near the cathode of such a tube, a layer of electrons is often observed. Such a layer creates a reversal in the direction of the electric field (force per unit charge) applied to the positive charge carriers (+ions in the solar wind). The heliopause is a virtual cathode for the Sun’s plasma discharge. A standard (hackneyed) criticism from skeptics of Juergens’ Electric Star hypothesis has always been, “where are all the necessary incoming electrons?” It appears NASA is in the process of finding them. Perhaps we could issue a press release of our own entitled “Dark Electrons Found by NASA.” The Electric Sun is increasingly vindicated with each new piece of data NASA releases. Donald E. Scott References: 1. From Appendix C of The Electric Sky, Scott, D.E., Mikamar 2006. 2. Available: http://www.kronos-press.com/juergens/k0801-electric-i.htm and http://www.kronos-press.com/juergens/k0802-electric-ii.htm or http://www.kronos-press.com/juergens/1982-electric-solar-energy-juergens.pdf 3. Available: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-372 4. R.C. Wilson, Journal of Geophysical Research, 83,4003-4007 1978. 5. Peratt, A. Physics of the Plasma Universe, Springer-Verlag, 1992. Print PDF This entry was posted in thunderblogs. Bookmark the permalink. ← Discovering the Electric Sun – Part 1 Our Mysterious and Variable Sun → Comments are closed. FREE Weekly Newsletter Site Search Search for: Tag/Keyword Search Select Tag/Keywod2012 (1)accelerating expan… (1)accretion disk (1)Acheson (1)anode glow (1)Anthony Peratt (2)arc mode (1)archetypal motifs (1)asteroid (2)astronomical unit (1)astrophysics (2)atmosphere (2)aurora (2)axis mundi (2)Aztecs (1)big bang (2)Birkeland (1)Birkeland current (8)Birkeland currents (1)black hole (2)boson (1)brown dwarf (1)capacitor (1)carbon star (1)Cassini-Solstice (1)cathode jet (1)centaurs (1)CERN (1)chain of arrows (3)charge separation (1)charge sheath (1)charged particles (1)charges (1)circuit (1)circuits (1)circuits in plasma (1)CME (3)Cocoon nebula (1)collimated beams (1)coma (1)comet (1)comet Borrelly (1)comet Elenin (2)Comet Halley (1)Comet Holmes (1)comet Hyakutake (1)Comet Linear (1)comet Shoemaker-Le… (1)comet Wild 2 (1)companion (1)comparative mythol… (2)conference (2)conventional wisdo… (1)coronal discharge (1)coronal mass eject… (2)cosmic column (1)cosmic plasma (1)cosmic thread (1)cosmology (3)Coulomb force (1)crater (1)Craters (3)creation (1)Curiosity (1)current free doubl… (1)current pinch (1)current sheet (1)current sheets (1)current-carrying (1)currents in space (1)Cygnus X-1 (1)dark energy (3)dark matter (4)dark mode (1)Deep Impact (1)dendritic ridges (1)detecting magnetic… (1)diamond (1)diocotron instabil… (1)dirty snowball (1)distance (1)distance measureme… (1)doomsday (2)double layer (4)double layers (3)dusty plasma (1)dwarf galaxy (1)E=mc^2 (1)Eberswalde crater (1)EDM (1)EG2EU (1)Einstein (1)electric arc (1)electric circuits (1)electric comet (1)electric current (1)electric currents … (1)electric discharge (2)electric field (1)electric fields (1)electric sky (1)Electric Star Theo… (1)electric universe (4)electric universe … (1)electrical dischar… (1)electrical etching (1)electromagnetic fo… (1)electromagnetism (1)electron beam (1)electrons (2)elongated craters (1)Enlil (1)escape velocity (1)essential guide (2)EU2012 (1)Ev Cochrane (1)expanding universe (1)expansion (1)exploding capacito… (1)exploding currents (1)exploding stars (1)expulsion disk (1)external forces (1)Eyjafjallajökull (1)Faraday motor (1)Faraday rotation (2)feedback loop (1)field lines (1)field-aligned curr… (1)filament (1)filamentary (1)filamentary struct… (1)filamentation (2)filaments (6)flux ropes (1)frame-dragging (1)fundamental forces (1)fundamental partic… (1)fusion (1)galactic rotation (1)Gamma Ray Burst (1)gamma-ray (1)gamma-rays (1)gas giant (1)general relativity (1)geographical pole (1)geomagnetic pole (1)Gibil (1)Giotto (1)globular cluster (1)glow mode (1)gluon (1)GRAIL (1)GRAIL mission (1)gravitational pert… (1)gravity (2)gravity model (1)Gravity Probe B (1)gravity variations (1)gravity-centric (1)GRB 110328a (1)Great Comet (1)Gum 19 (1)Halley's come… (2)Halton Arp (1)Hannes Alfven (2)heliosphere (2)heliospheric curre… (1)Heliospheric curre… (1)hematite (1)Hipparcos catalog (1)Hipparcos satellit… (1)hourglass (2)human story (1)hypersonic wind (1)IC5146 (1)impact (1)impact crater (1)infrared (1)instabilities (1)INTEGRAL (1)interdisciplinary … (1)interstellar cloud (1)interstellar mediu… (1)intrinsic redshift (1)inverse square (1)Io (2)ion tail (1)ionized particles (1)IRC+10216 (1)iron (1)ISM (1)J1719-1438 (1)James Clerk Maxwel… (1)James Webb telesco… (1)Jeremy Dunning-Dav… (1)jets (2)Joshua (1)journal (1)Juno (1)Jupiter (2)JWST (1)kink instability (1)L2 LaGtange point (1)Langmuir (1)Langmuir probe (1)large hadron colli… (1)LCROSS mission (1)lecture (1)legacy archives (1)legends (1)lepton (1)LHC (1)Lichtenberg (1)life on Mars (1)light year (1)Lightning (2)liquid methane (1)Lorentz (1)Lorentz force (1)lunar craters (1)lunar gravity (1)lunar maria (1)Lunar Prospector (1)M101 (1)M51 (1)magnetic anomalies (1)magnetic field (1)magnetic fields (1)magnetic phenomena (1)magnetic pole (1)magnetic reconnect… (1)magnetic ropes (1)magnetism (1)magnetosphere (1)Marklund convectio… (2)Mars (1)Mars Science Labor… (1)mascons (1)mass anomalies (1)mathematical const… (1)Maxwell (2)Mel (1)Mercury (3)MESSENGER (3)methane (2)Milky Way (1)millisecond pulsar (1)moon (2)moons (1)mounds (1)MSL (1)Mt. Chaiten (1)muon (1)myth (1)mythical landscape (1)mythology (2)NASA (2)national radio ast… (1)natural (1)nebular hypothesis (1)Neptune (1)newborn stars (1)Newton's law (1)NGC 5457 (1)Nibiru (1)northern lights (1)NPA (3)nutrino (1)Oort cloud (1)origin myths (1)ouroboros (1)parallax (1)parsec (1)particle trajector… (1)peer-review (1)Peratt instabiliti… (2)petroglyph (2)philosophy (1)photon (1)Pinwheel Galaxy (1)Plane of Satellite… (1)Planet X (1)planetary catastro… (1)planetary nebulae (1)planetary scarring (2)plasma (11)plasma circuit (1)plasma cosmology (2)plasma current she… (1)plasma currents (1)plasma discharge (2)plasma filaments (1)plasma focus (2)plasma instabiliti… (1)plasma phenomena (1)plasma physics (1)plasma sheath (2)plasma universe (1)plasmoid (1)polarity (1)pole (1)pole shift (1)preface (1)pulsar (1)quantum mechanics (1)quark (1)quasars (1)radio jet (1)rarefied gases (1)RAS (1)rays (1)reconnection (1)red giant (1)redshift (1)redshift/distance … (1)relaxation oscilla… (1)resonant circuits (1)rilles (2)Rosetta mission (1)Royal Astronomical… (1)Saturn (2)Saturn's ring… (1)sausage instabilit… (1)Schwarzschild (1)seasonal changes (1)SMBH (1)SOHO (1)solar flare (1)Solar System (1)solar wind (4)sonic booms (1)space-time (2)spectrum (1)spicule (1)standard candle (1)star formation (1)star-forming (1)star-forming nebul… (1)star-forming regio… (1)Stark effect (1)stellar nurseries (1)subterranean elect… (1)sulfer (1)Sun (2)supercluster (1)supergiant (1)supermassive black… (1)supernova (1)supernovae (2)surface anomalies (1)Swift telescope (1)synchrotron emissi… (1)tau (1)Tempel 1 (1)terraces (1)thermal anomalies (1)Thornhill (1)Thunderbolts (1)Titan (2)transmission lines (2)Tvashtar (1)twisting filaments (1)type 1a supernovae (1)universal archetyp… (1)vacuum of space (1)vacuum tube (1)vector (1)Velikovsky (1)vesta (1)virtual cathode (1)volcanic plumes (1)volcano (2)Voyager (1)white dwarf (1)Wild 2 (1)Wiradjuri (1)wordpress (1)world mountain (1)X-ray emission (1)X-rays (2)z-pinch (4)Zeeman (1)Zeus (1) Posts essential guide to the eu events multimedia picture of the day thunderblogs thunderbolts news Archives March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 RSS Feed Subscribe to RSS Our Visitors Admin Only Admin login thunderbolts.info Proudly powered by WordPress.