mirrored file at http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== VULCAN AND COMETS RELATED SITES 02 August 2002 _© Copyright - Only Italicized Comments_ [1]Back To Home Page _RELATED SITES INDEX_ 1. [2]NEW SOLAR PLANETS A. [3]RELATING TO A VULCAN LIKE PLANET B. [4]RELATING TO OTHER NEW SOLAR PLANETS C. [5]KUIPER BELT OBJECTS - SOME POSSIBLY CAPTURED FROM VULCAN 2. [6]JUPITER, MARS AND THE MOON METEOR/COMET IMPACTS 3. [7]COMET/EARTH IMPACT EVIDENCE A. [8]PERIODIC EARTH IMPACTS B. [9]EARTH IMPACT SIMULATIONS C. [10]EARTH IMPACT EVIDENCE D. [11]COMETARY ORIGIN OF THE BIOSPHERE 4. [12]COMET/EARTH IMPACT CHRONOLOGY A. [13]PREHISTORIC STRIKES B. [14]PLEISTOCENE STRIKES AND NEANDERTHALS C. [15]THE 11,600 BC STRIKE - _Swarm B'_ - 13,600 YA D. [16]THE 11,000 BC STRIKE - _Swarm B_ - 13,000 YA E. [17]THE 10,600 BC STRIKE - _Swarm A'_ - 12,600 YA F. [18]THE 9,600 BC STRIKE - _Swarm A'_ - 11,600 YA G. [19]THE 8,300 BC STRIKE - _Swarm B'_ - 10,300 YA H. [20]THE 7,800 BC STRIKE - _Swarm B_ - 9,800 YA I. [21]THE 6,800 BC STRIKE - _Swarm A'_ - 8,800 YA J. [22]THE 6,200 BC STRIKE - _Swarm A_ - 8,200 YA K. [23]THE 5,600 BC STRIKE - _Swarm C_ - 7,600 YA L. [24]THE 5,000 BC STRIKE - _Swarm B'_ - 7,000 YA M. [25]THE 4,500 BC STRIKE - _Swarm B_ - 6,500 YA N. [26]THE 3,500 BC STRIKE - _Swarm A'_ - 5,500 YA O. [27]THE 3,000 BC STRIKE - _Swarm A_ - 5,000 YA P. [28]THE 2,350 BC STRIKE - _Swarm C_ - 4,350 YA Q. [29]THE 1,600 BC STRIKE - _Swarm B'_ - 3,600 YA R. [30]THE 1,200 BC STRIKE - _Swarm B_ - 3,200 YA S. [31]THE 200 BC STRIKE - _Swarm A'_ - 2,200 YA T. [32]THE 500 AD STRIKE - _Swarm A_ - 1,500 YA U. [33]THE 1,000 AD STRIKE - _Swarm C_ - 1,000 YA V. [34]THE 1,700 AD STRIKE - _Swarm B'_ - 300 YA W. [35]TUNGUSKA AND OTHER RECENT STRIKES - Swarm B X. [36]IMPENDING STRIKE DATES 5. [37]EARTH CHANGES (INDIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH VULCAN) A. [38]EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD AND CLIMATE CHANGE B. [39]INCREASED AURORA RESULTING FROM A DEMINISHED EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD C. [40]EARTHQUAKES D. [41]ICE AGES E. [42]EARTH IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS F. [43]INFECTIOUS DISEASES FROM COMET IMPACTS 6. [44]EARTH DEFENSE 7. [45]ANCIENT ASTRONOMY 8. [46]EXTRA- TERRESTRIAL ALIEN INVOLVEMENT - BIBLICAL RECORDINGS A. [47]NOAH'S ARK - THE 3,000 BC STRIKE B. [48]SODOM AND GOMORRAH - METEORITE STRIKES C. [49]THE EXODUS - THE 1,200 BC STRIKE D. [50]THE 3rd SECRET OF FATIMA - THE IMPENDING STRIKE 9. [51]CROP CIRCLES AND ALIEN TECHNOLOGY 10. [52]VISIONARIES, RELIGIOUS APPARITIONS AND CHANNELED DATA A. [53]VISIONARIES B. [54]RELIGIOUS APPARITIONS (including Fatima) C. [55]CHANNELED DATA _RELATED SITES LISTINGS_ * Do not believe in anything simply because you have heard it. * Do not believe in anything simply because it is spoken and rumoured by many. * Do not believe in anything simply because it is found written in your religious books. * Do not believe in anything merely on the authority of your teachers and elders. * Do not believe in traditions because they have been handed down for many generations. * But after observation and analysis, when you find that anything agrees with reason and is conducive to the good and benefit of one and all, then accept it and live up to it. - Gautama Buddha 1. NEW SOLAR PLANETS A. RELATING TO A VULCAN LIKE PLANET o [56]THE MYSTERY OF PLANET X Van Flandern (whose astronomical specialty is celestial mechanics) wrote: "Statistically, a few passing stars would approach within 40 times Pluto's distance of the Sun _(2000 AU)_ over the life of the solar system. They would tend to perturb the outermost planets... into planet-crossing orbits. Eventually the crossings would result in close encounters between planets." _Vulcan's orbit, as described in this web site, falls within about a fifth of this distance. Therefore its orbit would not likely be perturbed by the passage of such a star. However, if stars pass within 2000 AU, many will also pass within ten or twenty times this distance. This would appear to doom Matese' "THE MASSIVE SOLAR COMPANION" discussed below._ Van Flandern wrote: "If Planet X crosses Jupiter's orbit, it is a goner, either by collision with Jupiter or ejection from the solar system, within 100,000 years... The encounters with Jupiter are not merely potential, but inevitable, because of forced precession of the orbit by Jupiter... Jupiter's gravity is so strong that it can eliminate another body in a single close approach. _This would appear to doom Sitchin's "twelfth planet" that ancient astronomers had referred to using the names "Marduk" and "Nibiru"._ o [57]Planet X, 1841-1992 Tom van Flandern examined the positions of Uranus and Neptune in the 1970s. The calculated orbit of Neptune fit observations only for a few years, and then started to drift away. Uranus orbit fit the observations during one revolution but not during the previous revolution. In 1976 Tom van Flandern became convinced that there was a tenth planet. After the discovery of Charon in 1978 showed the mass of Pluto to be much smaller than expected, van Flandern convinced his USNO colleague Robert S. Harrington of the existence of this tenth planet. They started to collaborate by investigate the Neptunian satellite system. Soon their views diverged. van Flandern thought the tenth planet had formed beyond Neptune's orbit, while Harrington believed it had formed between the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. van Flandern thought more data was needed, such as an improved mass for Neptune furnished by Voyager 2. Harrington started to search for the planet by brute force -- he started in 1979, and by 1987 he had still not found any planet. van Flandern and Harrington suggested that the tenth planet might be near aphelion in a highly elliptical orbit. If the planet is dark, it might be as faint as magnitude 16-17, suggests van Flandern. _This site concludes that Vulcan is of magnitude 20.5 - 21.1, passed aphelion circa 1970 and its orbit has an eccentricity of about 0.54._ o [58]PROBLEMS AT THE RIM OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Neptune is an undisciplined member of the solar system. No one has been able to predict its future course accurately. Already this maverick planet is drifting off the orbit predicted just 10 years ago using the best data and solar-system models. All of the outer planets, in fact, confound predictions to some degree. In addition, some long-period comets have anomalous orbits. o [59]MORE ON "THE MASSIVE SOLAR COMPANION" Something big out there beyond Neptune perturbs the orbits of the sun's outer fringe of planets. In addition, there are unexplained perturbations in the orbits of earth satellites, peculiar periodicities in the sunspot cycle, and equally puzzling regularities in earthquake frequency. These anomalies might all be explained by the existence of a large, dark planet with several moons o [60]WHAT CAUSES THE SUNSPOT CYCLE? John P. Bagby has now introduced a new piece to the puzzle of solar-system cyclic behavior. While searching for possible perturbations of the planets due to a tenth major planet or a dark massive solar companion (MSC), he discovered that the perihelia of the outer planets (orbital points closest to the sun) were being disturbed with an average period of 11.2 years. This is almost exactly the sunspot period of about 11 years (_ or half the period of solar magnetic field reversals of about 22 years_). He suggests two possibilities: (1) Mutual resonance effects between the planets (2) The effects of a massive solar companion. _[61]PLANET ORBITAL SPACING estimates that two planets may yet be orbiting Vulcan, one at 0.7 AU and the other at 0.34 AU. The former is analogous to the Sun's Venus, and the latter (if it still exists) is Vulcan's equivalent to the Sun's Mercury. If an Earth equivalent formed, it would be at 0.3 X 21.5 = 0.85 AU. The periods would be given by (r3/MVulcan)1/2 and be 18.5 years, 6.2 years and 24.7 years respectively. The first and last theoretical value are close to the Sun's magnet field reversal period._ o [62]UNIDENTIFIED IRAS SOURCES: ULTRAHIGH-LUMINOSITY GALAXIES Six IRAS sources previously exhibiting possible parallax, are believed to be associated with galaxies highly radiant in the infrared. These include object 1732+239 that may be a possible image of Vulcan. This object was not used to calculate the probability of Vulcan's existence in a nominal 5000-year orbit, but was used to refine its estimated orbital parameters. [63]A REAL DEATH STAR Ignatius Donnelly was pretty convincing on the comet impact scenario a century ago. o [64]ASTRO- METRICS OF UNDISCOVERED PLANETS AND INTELLIGENT LIFE FORMS This work contains some of the planet formation theory useful for understand the [65]INTRODUCT ION - A NEW PLANET FORMATION THEORY section of the 1997 Paper o [66]PLANET X/12TH PLANET COVER-UP _Is it because of an impending catastrophe?_ o [67]CLIPEOLOGY A report is being circulated that the undiscovered planet Nibiru (Vulcan?) and has been photographed by an infrared sat-system called "Siloe" in 1999 (see photograph). It (or its related comet swarm) is approaching _(the inner solar system?)_ again. See [68]The Akkadian Seal o [69]WHAT IS PLANET X Planet X is a hypothetical 10th planet of our solar system. There is conjecture that another Solar body exists, and furthermore that this solar body is affecting our biosphere and all planetary bodies This is sometimes referred to as Vulcan or the death star. o [70]10th PLANET: Real or Not o [71]TIME LINE OF RESEARCH REGARDING THE "SEARCH FOR PLANET X" The Sumerian Descriptions of our solar system. o [72]POSSIBLY AS LARGE AS JUPITER; MYSTERY HEAVENLY BODY DISCOVERED A heavenly body possibly as large as the giant planet Jupiter and possibly so close to Earth that it would be part of this solar system has been found in the direction of the constellation Orion by an orbiting telescope aboard the U.S. infrared astronomical satellite. _The 1999 Paper estimates that this object is just a little larger than the size of Jupiter by two methods independent of the IRAS data considered in this Washington Post article. The directionof the object is considered disinformation to mislead other astronomers._ When IRAS scientists first saw the mystery body and calculated that it could be as close as 50 trillion miles, there was some speculation that it might be moving toward Earth. _The 1997 Paper estimates that Vulcan passed aphelion around 1970 by a method independent of this data and consistent with this conclusion by the IRAS team_. o [73]NEWS ARCHIVES (IRAS data) New York Times January 30, 1983 The Washington Post, 31-Dec-1983, (a front page story) ARTICLE: MYSTERY HEAVENLY BODY DISCOVERED US News World Report PLANET X - IS IT REALLY OUT THERE? Sept 10, 1984 o [74]PLANET X Last year, the infrared astronomical satellite (IRAS), circling in a polar orbit 560 miles from the Earth, detected heat from an object about 50 billion miles away that is now the subject of intense speculation. _This is a nice summary of material that found its way into the media circa the mid eighties concerning Planet X. The Vulcan web site suggests that one of the objects found by the IRAS system could be Vulcan and according to Vulcan's orbit analysis it is now near far point, about 49.66 billion miles away._ o [75]MARDUK/NIBIRU? One year later in 1983 the newly launched IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) quickly found Planet X (the 10th). There have been attempts to cover-up this event and rewrite history. Discovering Archaeology, July/August 1999,Page 70 shows a medieval picture with a large comet looking object as big as the sun streaking across the sky horizontally with a giant tail. Below is a town that is shaking apart with hysterical people in the streets. Its elliptical orbit takes it around two suns. The other sun it orbits is our suns dark twin. Nibiru's inbound approach is being closely monitored by our best telescopic equipment on and off earth. This is one of many reasons the orbiting Hubble telescope live feed is hidden from our view. The most accurate calculation for Planet X's next passage is now late May or June 2003. _The Vulcan web site contends that the next approach of the comet (swarm) could be between 2006 and 2016. However, computations support a window of return to be within the next 110 - 150 years. Comet orbits are somewhat unpredictable as they outgas._ o [76]AN INTERESTING HYPOTHESIS The "Annunaki" (GODS as described by the Sumerians) had "Android Beings" helping them. The Sumerians describe Planet X as being very far from Earth at times, (roughly 30,000,000,000 _= 323 AU_) miles away at it's farthest point from us in orbit. _Vulcan's aphelion (farthest point) is estimated to be at 454 AU by this web site._ o [77]A COMET'S ODD ORBIT HINTS AT HIDDEN PLANET 10 April 2001 If the proposed planet is as massive as Mars, it would have to lie some 200 AU from the sunabout 7 times Neptune's distanceHolman calculates. Were it closer, observers would have spotted it. o [78]OLD SPACECRAFT MAKES SURPRISE DISCOVERY 29 September 1999 Scientists have discovered a new object orbiting the Sun after a spaceprobe was mysteriously knocked off course. Earlier this year, scientists were puzzled by what was described as a mysterious force acting on the probe. It led to speculation that there was something wrong in our understanding of the force of gravity. Eventually the effect was tracked down to the probe itself, which was unexpectedly pushing itself in one particular direction _May be just data processing errors, but not sure?_ o [79]MYSTERIOUS FORCE PULLS BACK NASA PROBE IN DEEP SPACE o [80]MYSTERIOUS FORCE PULLS BACK NASA PROBE IN DEEP SPACE Dr Duncan Steel, a space scientist at Salford University, says even such a weak force could have huge effects on a cosmic scale. "It might alter the number of comets that come towards us over millions of years, which would have consequences for life on Earth. It also raises the question of whether we know enough about the law of gravity." B. RELATING TO OTHER NEW SOLAR PLANETS o [81]VULCAN FIRES UP Vulcanoids would need to be in near-circular orbits, each avoiding the others, if they were to have survived the billions of years since the solar system formed. If they exist, how could they be found, perennially in the solar glare? o [82]SIGNS OF A HIDDEN PLANET? 30 March 2001 The most exciting possibility is that a mid-sized planet at some 10 billion kilometers (58 AU) from the sun caused 2000 CR105's orbit. And because such a planet would not be very vulnerable to orbit disruptions, it could still be there, the team says. _Possibly Septimus?_ o [83]A MYSTERY REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN Astronomers postulate a distant massive planet may draw comets from the Oort cloud. o [84]A MYSTERY REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN - link down? Another paper Matese et. al. postulate a 1.5 to 6 Jupiter mass object, possibly dark star or our Sun's binary companion exists in the Oort cloud at about 25,000 +/- 5,000 AU. A normal to its orbital plane is within 90 +/- 5 degrees of the North Galactic Pole. o [85]COMETARY EVIDENCE OF A MASSIVE BODY IN THE OUTER OORT CLOUD - J. J. Matese, P. G. Whitman, and D. P. Whitman. Accepted for publication in Icarus as of 19 May 1999. o [86](2) THE EFFECTS ON THE EKB OF A LARGE DISTANT TENTH PLANET We investigate the orbital evolution of both real and hypothetical Edgeworth-Kuiper Objects in order to determine whether any conclusions can be drawn regarding the existence, or otherwise, of the tenth planet postulated by Murray (1999). We find no qualitative difference in the orbital evolution, and so conclude that the hypothetical planet has been placed on an orbit at such a large heliocentric distance that no evidence for the existence, or non-existence, can be found from a study of the known Edgeworth-Kuiper Objects. o [87]THE THEORIZED COMPANION STAR Through its gravitational pull, unleashes a Furious storm of comets in the inner solar system lasting from 100,000 to two Million years. "Several of these comets strike the earth. Heavy snows are driven and fall from the world's four corners; the murder frost prevails. The Sun is darkened at noon; it sheds no gladness; devouring tempests bellow and never end. In vain do men await the coming of summer. Thrice winter follows winter over a world which is snow-smitten, frost-fettered, and chained in ice." -"Fimbul Winter" from Norse saga, Twilight of the Gods o [88]BRITON FINDS CLUES TO ROGUE PLANET Tim Radford, Science Editor Guardian Unlimited Friday October 8, 1999 o [89]CHANGING ORBIT IS SIMPLE, REALLY But somewhere out there, at around 30,000 AUs, along the outer band of a massive cosmic debris field called the Oort Cloud, something very big and very weird is going on. o [90]THE SHIVA HYPOTHESIS - PERIODIC MASS EXTINCTIONS One hypothesis is that this corresponds the the solar system oscillating through the galactic plane as it orbits the Milky Way. Rampino notes that the last crossing of the galactic plane occurred a few million years ago and it has been suggested that this led to a disturbance of comets in the Oort Cloud, some of which could now be approaching the inner solar system. _This implies that solar system oscillations are respibsible for the comets sugesting Matase's planet._ o [91](3) GALACTIC OSCILLATIONS AS A SOURCE OF PERIODIC IMPACTS The Rampino theory is not viable, since the oscillations of the sun in the Galaxy are quite small, and the variations in density experienced by the solar system are too small to affect impacts..." o [92](10) COMETS, ASTEROIDS & THE GALACTIC PLANE 15 March 2001 What if these extinction collisions are caused by asteroids on the one hand, and by comets on the other? Is it possible that the gravitational consequnces of the passage through the galactic plane have altered the orbits of both classes of objects on a roughly 26 million year basis?" Chances of major orbital disturbances will vary according to the velocity with which our Solar System crosses the plane... First the Oort Cloud Comets in the forefront, then Kuiper Belt Objects, followed by planets, moons, and in time asteroids, will switch from accelerating with the Sun to decelerating relative to it - while all those coming along behind, including the Sun, are still accelerating. Once the Sun itself crosses, then it is decelerating upwards with the forward objects, but the rearward objects are still accelerating downwards towards it from behind. The velocity change from acceleration to deceleration may not amount to much, but it is the fact that there is a change that will cause a resulting mishmash of movement that in turn will almost certainly cause gravitational events that again in turn may well result in some of those bodies ... of all types diving into the inner Solar System. Collisions would not be inevitable, but certainly much more likely. o [93]VARIABLE OORT CLOUD FLUX DUE TO THE GALACTIC TIDE Matese et al. The last crossing at around 1.5 Myr ago and the next 1 Myr in the future based on crater flux peaks. The perigalactic period is estimated to be 180 Myr o [94]DYNAMICS IN DISK GALAXIES Our period about the galactic center is 2.2 x 108 Yr or 220 Myr. C. KUIPER BELT OBJECTS - SOME POSSIBLY CAPTURED FROM VULCAN o [95]LIST OF TRANSNEPTUNIAN OBJECTS o [96]LIST OF CENTAURS AND SCATTERED-DISK OBJECTS o [97]RECENT RESEARCH - Kuiper Belt Objects o [98]SCIENTISTS FIND NEW PLANET BEYOND ORBIT OF NEPTUNE - 5 June 1997 Astronomers have discovered a mini-planet at the edge of the solar system which may change our thinking on how the planets evolved. More than 300 miles in diameter, the planetesimal is the brightest object to be found beyond the orbit of Neptune since the discovery of Pluto in 1930. Given the designation 1996TL66, the new object is probably one of many, according to its discoverers. o [99]ASTRONOMERS FIND DISTANT 'DOUBLE PLANET' - 19 April 2001 In January, astronomers attempted to find a specific object among this ring of comet-like objects. This body, designated 1998 WW 31, was first seen a few years ago. o [100](5) PLUTO HAS BIG SHINY COLLEAGUE - 29 May 2001 Varuna has a diameter of 900 km, Jewitt's team also calculates. This makes it the third largest known KBO, after Pluto (2,200 km) and Charon (1,200 km). o [101]PLUTO GETS MORE COMPETITION- 28 August 2001 In this schematic diagram the relative sizes of the largest Kuiper Belt Objects (KBO) are illustrated. The newly discovered object, 2001 KX76 (diameter about 1200 km), is the largest known KBO and is even larger than Pluto's moon, Charon. For comparison Pluto's diameter is about 2300 km. (INCLUDES 1996TO66 _which could be) 1996 TL66_ o [102]LARGE WORLD FOUND NEAR PLUTO - 30 July 2001 Only planets are larger than this new object, dubbed 2001 KX76. The icy, reddish world is over a thousand kilometres across and astronomers say there may be even larger objects, bigger than planet Pluto itself, awaiting discovery. 2001 KX76 could be as large as 1,270 km (788 miles) across, bigger than Ceres, the largest known asteroid (an object that orbits the Sun between Mars and Jupiter). It is even larger than Pluto's moon Charon, which has an estimated diameter of 1,200 km (744 miles). o [103]ANOTHER CANDIDATE FOR "PLANET X" SPOTTED - 4 December 2000 As of 2000 December 1, the MPC's orbit suggests that this object is 43 times farther from the Sun than the Earth is, and is presently 42 times farther from Earth than the Earth is from the Sun. With an apparent magnitude of 20 at those distances, the object would be the brightest of all 346 known Trans-Neptunian Objects other than Pluto. If it has a reflectivity comparable to other minor planets, its diameter would be between 330 and 750 miles. This can be compared to the diameters of the largest known asteroid (1) Ceres of 570 miles or (4) Vesta of 320 miles. Pluto is at a distance comparable to that of 2000 WR106, and is 1,470 miles in diameter. 2. JUPITER, MARS AND THE MOON METEOR/COMET IMPACTS + [104](2) COMET IMPACT ON IO IN 1983? - 24 May 2000 + [105]HAS JUPITER FLASHED BEFORE? - 24 May 2000 + [106]THE STRING OF PEARLS A comet cluster or swarm resulting from the fragmentation of a 2 kilometer comet. The individual fragments were no larger than one kilometer, and each produced Earth size [107]black spots on Jupiter. Such comet swarms have struck before, producing a + [108]CHAIN OF CRATERS ON CALLISTO, one of Jupiter's moons _indicating a comet strike. None of Phaeton's anticipated comets possibly impacting Earth are expected to produce an impact crater the size of the [109]K-T Event Crater that resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago._ + [110]WHY AREN'T THE MARTIAN CRATERS WORN DOWN? The Martian surface should be worn down by wind-driven sand and dust (at 2 centimeters/century). The Martian craters (estimated to be hundreds of millions of years old) would have been worn level long ago. _The craters are of more recent Phaeton related comet strikes. _ + [111]A MARTIAN ICE AGE? Ice, rather than water, may have created the Martian channels + [112]WHEN MARS HAD LAKES The "event" that deeply eroded the Martian deposits may have been similar to the catastrophic emptying of Lake Missoula, which carved out the Channeled Scablands of eastern Washington state as the Ice Ages waned. + [113]CATASTROPHIC FLOODING ON MARS? + [114]OLD COMETARY SCARS ON THE MOON? caused by one at least 0.5 kilometers in diameter. + [115]LUNAR CRATER CHAINS _indicating comet strike._ See Figure. 3. EARTH IMPACT EVIDENCE A. PERIODIC EARTH IMPACTS o [116]HOLOCENE (REGIONAL - EUROPE) SUMMARY or [117](3) HOLOCENE CLIMATE RECORDS IN EUROPE Covering the last 11,000 years, these data also showed several warm/cool oscillations that had a _quasi-periodicity on the order of 1500 years_. McDermott et al. (2001) derived a O18 record from a stalagmite discovered in a cave in southwestern Ireland with a time resolution that they say is "approximately an order of magnitude better than in the North Atlantic cores that record evidence for _quasi-periodic (1475 ± 500 year)_ ice rafting during the Holocene." _These values are in relatively close agreement with the nominal 1633 quasi-periodic strike interval theoretically predicted from the 3/2 comet swarm orbit resonance period with Vulcan's 5000 year orbit. If the comet swarm's orbit does not quite reach Vulcan's orbit, the strike interval will diminish. Further, if Sol has recently (last 10,000 years or so) changed direction of its oscillation perpendicular to the galactic plane, as some suspect, the period of the comet swarms strike intervals can also be foreshortened._ o [118]NORTH ATLANTIC MILLENNIAL-SCALE OSCILLATIONS Several warm/cool oscillations with a _quasi-periodicity of about 1,500 years_ were documented. o [119]THE MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD AND LITTLE ICE AGE IN IRELAND The authors derived a O18 record - with a time resolution they say is "approximately an order of magnitude better than in the North Atlantic cores that record evidence for _quasi-periodic (1475 ± 500 year)_ ice rafting during the Holocene" - from a stalagmite discovered in Crag Cave in southwestern Ireland, after which they compared this record with the O18 records from the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores from Greenland. o [120](14) HEADING TOWARDS THE NEXT ICE AGE? - 16 November 2001 The cycle of sunlight intensity roughly follows a 1,500-year pattern, based on analysis of the past 12,000 years. _The 1,500-year cycle of warming and cooling corresponds to data from tree ring studies, another way of measuring the sun's strength over time._ He said the findings also agree with studies that measured the chilling of the Earth based on the advance and retreat of alpine glaciers in Europe. _This 1,500-year cycle of warming and cooling corrosponds to the 1633 quasiperiodic strikes of alternate comet swarms A and B or A' and B'._ o [121](3) CIVILISATION COLLAPSE, CLIMATIC DOWNTURNS & SOLAR FLUCTUATION From both scientific (lake sediments, ice cores, dust layers, etc) and historical (archaeology, history) evidence, I have found that _quasiperiodical_ changes of about 1200/1300 years,which could be considered the 7th order fundamental harmonics of sunspot cycles. I am completing a manuscript, entitled The Curse: A Theory of History, _These changes of about 1200/1300 years cycle corrosponds to the 1633 quasiperiodic strikes of alternate comet swarms A and B or A' and B'._ o [122](3) HOW MANY COSMIC IMPACTS HAVE PUNCTUATED EARTH DURING THE LAST 10,000 YEARS? Whilst a dozen Holocene impact craters have been confirmed to date, the majority of impacts that occurred during the last 10,000 years have not been detected yet. o [123]B-1: SOME MAJOR IMPACTS OF ASTEROIDS AND COMETS o [124]THE RISE OF ASTRONOMICAL CATASTROPHISM After being ridiculed for well over a century, astronomical catastrophism is now (1984) coming into its own. o [125]NOW, IT'S COMET SHOWERS THAT DID IT The nature of astronomical catastrophism is still up in the air! But, a mere decade ago such a paper would have to look far for a journal to publish it. o [126]A CAUSE AND SOLUTION FOR FERMI'S PARADOX See section 5.Impacts And Extinctions o [127]FEKRI HASSAN: Cores of mud from the ocean floor revealed regular periods of extreme cold - mini ice ages - in Europe every 1,500 years, and lasting 200 years. _This web site predicts the quasi-periodic theoretical long term (two) comet swarms revisit interval to be [128]1500 - 1700 years._ o [129]RESEARCHERS MAKING WAVES AT LOS ALAMOS Latest Space Fear: Asteroid-Spawned Tsunamis - Reuters 07-JAN-98. First they killed the dinosaurs. Now This! If an asteroid with a diameter of 600 feet (200 meters) or more splashed down in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, it would set off a tsunami, a huge sea wave. A 3 miles (4.8 km) diameter, it would flood the upper east coast of the United States and drown the coasts of France and Portugal. The tsunami's waves would move outward from the impact site at about the speed of jet aircraft. This has never happened in the course of recorded history, Hills said; on the other hand, the computer model indicates the likelihood of it occurring is about once every 3,000 to 5,000 years. _These values are multiples of the 1,500 to 1,700 year comet swarms quasi-periodic revisit interval._ o [130]A REVIEW OF EXODUS TO ARTHUR; CATASTROPHIC ENCOUNTERS WITH COMETS The five harshest environmental events showing in the dendrochronology records are events at 2354-2345 BC, 1628-1623 BC, 1159-1141 BC, 208-204 BC, and 536-545 AD. o [131]THE EARTH STRUCK BY COMETS MANY TIMES. The so-called Glacial Age really represents a collision of the earth with one of these wandering luminaries of space, the following question can occur, Was this the first and only occasion, during all the thousands of millions of years that our planet has been revolving on its axis and circling around the sun, that such a catastrophe has occurred? The answer must be in the negative. B. EARTH IMPACT SIMULATIONS o [132]SOLAR SYSTEM COLLISIONS. Calculate the affects of your own meteorite strike. For comets, suggest 42 km/sec velocity and 500 meter stony core comet simulating one of Nostradamus' strikes. o [133]DATA BASE OF TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES - click or world map. o [134]CTH 3D COMET IMPACT SIMULATIONS Simulates a strike of a 1 kilometer diameter comet (weighing about 1 billion tons) into the Atlantic Ocean and releasing 300 Gigatons TNT equivalent energy. A [135]300 foot tidal wave would inundate Florida and much of the eastern seaboard. o [136](8) WHEN A COMET MEETS A PLANET - Celestial Mechanics & Dynamical Astronomy, 1998, Vol.71, No.3, pp..191-201 The objective of this paper is to develop a simple model of an encounter between a comet and a planet, with a subsequent capture or an escape, and to study the potential consequences. o [137]CRATER - 2 October 1999 This is a short routine to evaluate the scaling equations to determine the diameter of a crater given details on the nature of the projectile, conditions of impact, and state of the target. o [138](4) FAQ ON FIREBALLS AND METEORITE FALLS - 23 June 1998 o [139]ASTEROID TSUNAMIS COULD BE HUGE, SLOW The model showed that a one kilometer iron asteroid strikes with the power of 1.5 trillion tons of TNT and produces a spout of water more than twelve miles high. For instance, on land, a relatively small, 30 to 50-meter-wide asteroid would create quite a crater and a blast what would cause local damage. The same event in the sea, however, would cause waves that would scour a much larger area. o [140]EARTH IMPACT EVIDENCE # [141]PRESTO, CHANGE-O! Extraterrestrial impacts transform Earth's surface in an instant # [142]THE COSMIC CATASTROPHE SURVIVAL STRATEGY BY TALAKO # [143](1) COMETS, DRAGONS AND PROPHETS OF DOOM - May 1998 Ancient myths, tree ring studies and archaeological evidence all confirm that a rare giant comet may have visited the Earth only a few thousand years ago, raining fireballs and meteors in its wake. Dr Bill Napier, astronomer at Armagh Observatory, and Dr Victor Clube of Oxford and Armagh Universities (sic), have investigated the doom-laden cosmic myths of early civilisation. _From the Persian prophet Zooraster, who in 500 BC predicted the end of the world caused by 'a huge comet sent by Satan'_ to the description in the Book of Revelations of a 'burning mountain' falling from the sky, early history is full of myths of celestial combat, rains of fire and many-headed dragons, which support astronomers' theories of the existence of a tumultuous night sky. Recent terrestrial research has provided 'hard' evidence to support theories of close encounters with comets. # [144]THE AGE OF FIRE AND GRAVEL written by I. Donnelly in 1883. He hypothesized that all those sheets of unconsolidated rocky debris strewn across the planet (called the "drift") were the consequence of comet's impacts. # [145]IMMENSE CIRCULAR TERRESTRIAL STRUCTURES OF GREAT AGE These circles measure between 7 and 700 kilometers in diameter and are nearly perfect geometrical figures. To date (1978), some 1,170 circles have been discovered, of which more than half can be visually traced for 360°. _Now the Kara-Bogaz-Gol of the Caspian Sea can be added. See [146]SPIRITUAL SOURCES in the 1997 Paper._ # [147]A RE-EVALUATION OF THE EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORIGIN OF THE CAROLINA BAYS A comet strike appears to explain the recent formation of the Carolina bays in the late Wisconsinan or early Holocene time frame (about ten thousand years ago. Elliptical craters ranging in size from 200 feet to seven miles formed the half million Carolina bays # [148]DID A HALF MILLION METEORS FALL ON THE CAROLINAS? # [149]MOON-LIKE CRATERS IN THE NORTH SEA FLOOR Thousands of elliptical craters or pockmarks in the sediments were discovered, ranging from 30-330 feet across, 6-25 feet deep, and located in water about 500 feet deep. The long axes of the craters point roughly in the same direction; and the craters tend to be arranged in lines like those of the Carolina Bays. # [150]EIGHT LITTLE CRATERS ALL IN A ROW See Figure. # [151](1) IMPACT RESEARCH CURRENT ACTIVITIES/PROGRESS - June:August, 1998 The Woodleigh structure, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia, is buried by flat- lying Cretaceous strata of the Gascoyne Platform, but is manifested by a multi- ring Bouguer anomaly approximately 120 km in diameter that coincides with an overall magnetic 'low'. # [152]POSSIBLE CHAIN OF METEORITE SCARS IN ARGENTINA See Figure. # [153]EUROPE'S BIGGEST SMACH HIT - 15 February 1999 Geologists prospecting for oil in the Barents Sea have stumbled across the largest meteorite crater ever found in Europe. It is also one of the largest in the world. It was formed 150 million years ago when an asteroid, possibly 500m (550 yards) across and travelling at 30,000 km/h (19,000 mph), plunged into the sea off the coast of Norway. This chain of impact is thought to be one of the five most important catastrophes that have happened on Earth. They estimate the Rochechouart meteorite measured 15km and the Bizeneuille one perhaps even bigger. The suggest that the impacts were the equivalent of 40 million Hiroshimas (yes 40 million), affecting thousands of square km in the Northern hemisphere. _Notice a "chain of impacts, as if from a fragmenting comet._ # [154](3) LARGEST IMPACT STRUCTURE DISCOVERED IN FRANCE? Apparently, geologists who were re-analyzing Landsat 2 pictures of Rochechouart and Bizeneuille, two adjacent areas of south-western France, discovered that the two already known 20 km-wide craters were in fact 200 to 300 km wide! There shock waves actually touched each other, as their impats were 140 km apart, 200 million years ago. Further research has revealed that other 200 million year old impacts have the same latitude: Manicouagan (Québec) and Saint-Martin (Canada). Red Wing (USA) and Obolon (Ukraine) are also located on the same path that can be traced between Manicouagan and Rochechouart. _Remember the multiple impacts on Jupiter? Same phenomenon here, they say._ # [155](6) CHAIN OF CRATERS - Discover Magazine - July 1998 Geologist John Spray of the University of New Brunswick in Canada chiseled some rock samples from the ancient Rochechouart crater in west-central France. Geologists had debated the crater's age for some time, and Spray wanted to use a new dating technique to settle the issue. His resultoan age of 214 million years reminded him that the Manicouagan crater in Quebec was about that old. Intrigued, he did some more sleuthing and found three more craters of a similar age: Saint Martin, in Manitoba; Obolon, in the Ukraine; and tiny Red Wing, in North Dakota. Could all five craters have been created simultaneously? If so, it could explain a mass extinction of that age. # [156]ADDING UP THE RISKS OF COSMIC IMPACT HISTORICAL RECORD Bruce Masse, an environmental archaeologist with Los Alamos National Laboratory, has tried to untangle other astronomical observations from ancient tales told from the Middle East to Hawaii. He referred to an impact event in the Rio Cuarto region of northern Argentina, in which an asteroid 100 to 300 yards (or meters) in diameter apparently broke up as it zoomed through the atmosphere, leaving _a trail of craters._ # [157]IMPACT CRATERS: THE PARTY LINE REVISED AND RE-REVISED # [158](2) DETECTION OF A DUST TRAIL IN THE ORBIT OF AN EARTH-THREATENING LONG-PERIOD COMET ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1997, Vol.479, No.1 Pt1, pp.441-447 o [159]ASTEROIDS OFTEN TRAVEL, AND STRIKE, IN PAIRS o COMETARY ORIGIN OF THE BIOSPHERE # [160](6) THE PANSPERMIA THEORY ACCORDING TO HOYLE & WICKRAMASINGHE Main Points Of Theory at Life on Earth which first appeared about 4000 million years ago, at a time when the planet was being severely bombarded by comets and asteroids, could not have started on Earth at Life in the form of bacteria and viruses were brought to Earth by comets, which were the sites where they multiplied (in warm watery interiors), and which acted as vehicles of transport at Microorganisms continue to arrive at the Earth even today, being included in the 100 tons or so of cometary debris that enters the Earth on a daily basis at The continued arrival of cometary bacteria and viruses contributes to the evolution of species through geological time at Interactions of present day life forms on Earth (including) humans with cometary bacteria and viruses could lead to epidemic disease at Astronomical evidence is fully consistent with the occurrence of microorganisms on a cosmic scale...... # [161](5) COMETARY ORIGIN OF THE BIOSPHERE - 1999 Icarus 146: (2) 313-325 Most of the biosphere was brought on the primitive Earth by an intense bombardment of comets. This included the atmosphere, the seawater and those volatile carbon compounds needed for the emergence of life. # [162]AN ARGUMENT FOR THE COMETARY ORIGIN OF THE BIOSPHERE The evidence suggests that a rain of comets brought the Earth its water, its organic molecules and its atmospherekey ingredients for lifes beginning # [163](7) ON THE POSSIBLE EXTRATERRESTRIAL INFLUENCE ON EARTH'S CLIMATE & THE ORIGIN OF THE OCEANS Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 1999, Vol.146, No.1-4, pp.33- 51 The total extraterrestrial influx rate may be four to five orders of magnitude greater than previously thought, large enough to account for today's total near-surface inventories of water and carbon. # [164](8) COMETARY ORIGIN OF SEA WATER PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE, 1999, Vol.47, No.1-2, pp.125-131 The deuterium enrichment of seawater is quantitatively consistent with its origin from a cometary bombardment of the primitive Earth. # [165](10) COMETARY TRAVEL: FROM INTERSTELLAR SPACE TO EARTH'S OCEANS Icarus, 1999, Vol.140, No.2, pp.446-450 The HDO/H2O ratio in Earth's oceans suggests that the water was delivered by both comets and rocky material formed in Earth's region of the solar nebula. # [166](10) COMETARY TRAVEL: FROM INTERSTELLAR SPACE TO EARTH'S OCEANS Icarus, 1999, Vol.140, No.2, pp.446-450 The HDO/H2O ratio in Earth's oceans suggests that the water was delivered by both comets and rocky material formed in Earth's region of the solar nebula. # [167]IMPACT DELIVERY OF EARLY OCEANS 4.5 and 3.5 billion years ago, when bombardment of the inner solar system was thought to be especially severe. Rather than the expected net loss, the earth seems to have gained more than 0.2 - 0.7 ocean masses in that period. See this site's [168]ASTRONOMICAL INFORMATION FROM NORMAL SOURCES in the 1997 Paper # [169]AN ARGUMENT FOR THE COMETARY ORIGIN OF THE BIOSPHERE The evidence suggests that a rain of comets brought the Earth its water, its organic molecules and its atmosphere-key ingredients for lifes beginnings ( _as proposed in the [170]1997 Paper)_ # [171]SCIENTISTS REPORT 'ALIEN' LIFE - 22 November 2000 Researchers said that in the filter of a high-flying balloon operated by the Indian Space Research Organization, they found a strain of bacteria unlike anything on Earth. The bacteria were found at an altitude of 10 miles and scientists from the ISRO, Cardiff University and the University of Wales College of Medicine said it may have come from a comet on a close approach to earth, according to the Daily Mail. Prof. Chandra Wickramasinghe, who is based at Cardiff University, said the discovery marked "the first time we have had direct evidence for the hypothesis that comets seed life on other planets." 4. COMET/EARTH IMPACT CHRONOLOGY A. PREHISTORIC STRIKES o [172](2) CATACLYSMIC METEOR SWAMPED NOVA SCOTIA A giant meteor hurtled from the sky 50 million years ago, punching a huge crater in the ocean floor off Nova Scotia. The impact created a tidal wave five times as high as Fenwick Tower that rolled over the entire province. The meteor was moving at 20,000 kilometres per hour when it splashed into the sea. About two kilometres in diameter, the space rock steamed through the seawater and slammed into the Earth's crust 250 kilometres south of Shelburne, creating a hole 40 kilometres across. o [173](2) "IMPROBABILITY" OF OBLIQUE-ANGLE IMPACTS The most likely impact angle is therefore 45 degrees (forget all those pictures with asteroids descending vertically). (3) COSMIC IMPACTS IMPLICATED IN BOTH THE RISE AND FALL OF DINOSAURS "Our research adds to the speculation that there was a comet or asteroid impact about 200 million years ago, followed relatively quickly by the rising dominance of dinosaur populations of the Jurassic period," said Kent. o [174]DINO HEAT WAVE RECORDED IN LEAVES The researchers say analysis of fossil leaves from 65 million years ago shows there was a sudden and dramatic rise in carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere. Only the impact of a large asteroid, vaporizing billions of tones of limestone rocks, could have released so much gas so quickly into the environment, they believe. o [175](5) ASTEROID IMPACT TIED TO RISE OF DINOSAURS Scientists have long suspected that an asteroid led to the demise of dinosaurs' 65 million years ago. Research last year suggested that an earlier impact 251 million years ago might have allowed dinosaurs to evolve in the first place. o [176](4) HAWAII, TOMBSTONE OF THE DINOSAURS o [177]MOTION OF THE HAWAIIAN HOTSPOT: A PALEOMANGETIC TEST o [178](11) THE BREAK-UP OF PANGEA - 01 February 2001 _Just as reported in the [179]February 1997 Paper._ o [180]IMPACT CRATER BENEATH LAKE HURON blasted by a meteorite at least 500 million years ago o [181](6) TINY TEETH SHED LIGHT ON ANCIENT COMET - 23 March 1998 Minuscule fossil animal teeth, known as conodonts, indicate that a 370-million-year-old comet that slammed into Nevada could be as much as five times larger than scientists initially suspected. "The crater left by the ancient Nevada comet is now interpreted to have been at least one mile deep and 45 miles wide. It is comparable in size to one that struck the Chesapeake Bay area about 35 million years ago. On the basis of this comparison, _the Nevada comet _could have been as large as three miles in diameter, much larger than our initial calculation of one kilometer. It may have been part of the first of a series of comet showers that led to a mass extinction of many forms of life three million years later." o [182](7) KILLER CRATER FOUND - 19 April 2000 Australian geologists have discovered the buried remains of an 80-mile wide impact crater that could be the culprit behind the worst extinction catastrophe in Earth's history. Although no precise age for the crater -- the fourth largest in the world -- has been determined yet, it appears to be 250-360 million years old, making it a possible source for the massive Permian-Triassic extinction event that wiped out almost all life on the planet 250 million years ago.As often happens, the comet round's the Sun often striking in the southern hemisphere. [183]MORE EVIDENCE FOR MASS EXTINCTION Lava flow twice the size of Europe covered Siberia 250 million years ago. o [184]NEW CRATER FOUND DOWN UNDER - 21 April 2000 A new crater, the worlds fourth-largest at 75 miles (120 kilometers) across, has been found in western Australia. Scientists believe the impact crater was caused by a 3-mile (5-kilometer) wide asteroid slamming into the area, causing a wave of extinction 200 million to 360 million years ago. o [185]STUDY ASSOCIATES ASTEROID OR COMET IMPACT WITH EXTINCTIONS IN ARGENTINA - 10 December 1998 A new study shows that a previously unknown impact from an asteroid or comet coincides with the disappearance of 35 different types of ancient mammals and a flightless bird 3.3 million years ago. The impact may have directly caused the regional extinctions or triggered a climate change that led to the disappearance of the animals in what is now southeastern Argentina. o [186]PART OF THE DINOSAUR KILLER ASTEROID that struck earth 65 million years ago has been discovered. It has been confirmed to be part of an asteroid, not a comet, _supporting the conclusions of Sir Fred Hoyle and the Bible Code. Also see this site's [187]THE 2006 AND 2012 STRIKE DATES section of the 1999 Paper._ o [188]STRANGE CRATER FOUND UNDER THE SEA Rings created by ancient meteorite impact 65 million years ago, experts say o [189]GIANT IMPACT-WAVE DEPOSIT ALONG U.S. EAST COAST 35.5 million years ago. o [190]DID AN ASTEROID IMPACT TRIGGER THE ICE AGES? High concentrations of iridium in Upper Pliocene sediments about 2.3 million years old. Estimated size of the impacting object more than 0.5 km. o [191]EVIDENCE FOR A GIANT NEANDERTHALS SEA WAVE A great meteor impact, a submarine volcanic explosion or a giant submarine landslide are good possibilities . B. PLEISTOCENE STRIKES AND NEANDERTHALS o [192]ANCIENT 'VOLCANIC WINTER' TIED TO RAPID GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN HUMANS - September 1998 CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- A new hypothesis about recent human evolution suggests that a horrific "volcanic winter" 71,000 years ago, followed by the coldest 1,000 years of the last Ice Age, brought widespread famine and death to modern human populations around the world. The abrupt "bottleneck," or decrease, in our ancestors' populations, in turn, brought about the rapid "differentiation" - or genetic divergence - of the surviving populations. The hypothesis, offered by anthropologist Stanley Ambrose of the University of Illinois, proposes that a volcanic winter reduced populations to _"levels low enough for evolutionary changes, which occur much faster in small populations, to produce rapid population differentiation"_ Ambrose has linked geneticists' research to that of volcanologists Michael Rampino, Stephen Self, Greg Zielinski and colleagues, which shows the super-eruption of Toba caused a volcanic winter that lasted six years and significantly altered global climate for the next 1,000 years. Those six years of "relentless volcanic winter" led to substantial lowering of global temperatures, drought and famine, and to a global human population crash during which, if geneticists are correct, no more than 15,000 to 40,000 people survived. _Whether volcano or comet strike induced, this weather changecould have been what killed off the bulk of the Neanderthals and offered an opportunity for modern man to establish a foot hold on Earth a few tens thousand of years later._ o [193]NEANDERTHALS 'MATED WIH MODERN HUMANS'- 21 April 1999 A hybrid skeleton showing features of both Neanderthal and early modern humans has been discovered, challenging the theory that our ancestors drove Neanderthals to extinction. And Dr Robert Foley of Cambridge University told the BBC: "The fossil evidence as we currently understand it doesn't show the signs of hybrids between neanderthals and modern humans, so it would be a novel and unusual find." The Iberian peninsula is an area where there was a significant overlap in time and space between Neanderthal and modern man. They could have coexisted for as long as 10,000 years," he said. o [194](7) NEANDERTHALS & MODERN HUMAN COEXISTED & HAD GOOD FUN It appears that Neanderthals coexisted with early modern humans in central Europe for thousands of years -- and very likely mated with them -- according to new radiocarbon dating by an international team of scientists. Using direct accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating, team member Paul Pettitt and colleagues at Oxford University in England determined that two pieces of Neanderthal skulls from the Vindija cave site are between 28,000 and 29,000 years old. These new Croatian dates refute previous evidence indicating central European Neanderthals had disappeared as early as 34,000 years ago. o [195](11) DID ICE AGE CULTURES LOSE TECHNOLOGICAL SKILLS ? - 7 February 2000 CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- Archaeologists have discovered what the well-dressed Ice Age woman wore on ritual occasions. Her outfit, however, including accessories, doesn't resemble anything Wilma Flintstone ever wore, or, for that matter, any of our carved-in-stone conceptions of "paleofashion." Soffer, a professor of anthropology at the University of Illinois and a pioneer in the study of Upper Paleolithic life ways, compared the impressions to the representation of clothing on the so-called "Venus" figurines, which also date to the Gravettian period, roughly 25,000 years ago. o [196]TROUBLED TIMES The Giza Plateau A documentary shown on public TV in the early 90's called The Mystery of The Sphinx with Charlton Heston, demonstrated that long-term water erosion evidence on the Sphinx pushed the date of its construction to _beyond 11,000BC;_ when the Egyptian climate permitted long periods of rain. That date matches up closely to the time of the Great Flood. Sitchin points out in his book, The Wars of Gods and Men, that numerous Egyptian texts discuss a period after the Great Flood when "gods" helped the Egyptians construct canals, drainage systems, dikes, etc. to reclaim the flooded Egyptian plain. The gods were the Anunnaki. o [197]TROUBLED TIMES **Asian Hall of Records In Rampa's first book, The Third Eye (1956), he lends corroboration to physical evidence of the Anunnaki themselves. . . Rampa was first shown 3 uncovered black stone coffins. . . was startled to see the bodies of 2 men and one women; nude, and completely covered in gold leaf . The woman was 10 feet tall and the larger of the 2 men was 15 feet. The elderly monk said: "My son, look upon these. They were gods in our land in the days before the mountains came. They walked our country when seas washed our shores., and when different stars were in the sky." Tibetan monk, physician, and writer T. Lobsang Rampa, reports on pages 88-97 in his 1963 book The Cave of The Ancients that while still a young boy and trainee, he was taken by a group of monks to a highly concealed crevice entrance far up in the Tibetan mountains. The entrance led to a huge, cavernous interior. The interior was illuminated with artificial lighting in which the "bulbs" were ice cold to the touch. Spread throughout the smooth-walled rooms were many strange machines that seemed to be in working condition, but the monks could not understand their function or purpose. One oval shaped device allowed the viewer to place his head within its shell, whereby he could both hear and see different animals, music, etc.; a sort of visual encyclopedia of Earthly life (some alien contactees have reported being taken into such cavernous locations deep within the Earth and shown similar Halls of Remembrances). Later, they entered another room with a machine that allowed them to view a holographic "movie" with sound and narration explaining that the machines were working models left as part of a time capsule/hall of records explaining the history of these _pre-diluvian advanced civilization_ which spiritually declined, misused their technology and brought about their demise. _The holograph revealed cities and forests disappearing in a twinkling of an eye due to massive earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, atmospheric fire storms, tidal waves, etc._ o [198](5) EXPLODING STAR STRAFED EARTH - 13 February 2002 Two million years ago, many marine creatures, such as bivalve molluscs, died out suddenly all over the planet. As mass extinctions go, this was a mild one. But no one knows what caused it. Benítez and his colleagues think that a nearby supernova at this time could have showered the Earth with cosmic rays. These charged subatomic particles collide with atoms in the air, initiating chemical reactions. Copious cosmic rays are thought to produce nitrogen monoxide, which can destroy ozone molecules. The researchers calculate that a supernova 130 light years away could have thinned the ozone layer by up to 60 per cent, exposing marine organisms to ultraviolet rays from the Sun. This could have killed off plankton, and thence the molluscs that live off them. _Large meteorites passing through the atomosphere produce large quanties of nitrous oxide, an obvious source of this chemical_. o [199]THE PLEISTOCENE EPOCH (~1.8 million-11,000 years ago) But fossils of Ice Age animals lie strewn about on or near the surface of the earth around the world. Mummified camels and ground sloths have been found in the American Southwest and South America. Remains of mammoths still bearing hair and flesh have been retrieved from Alaska and Siberia. Just about every county in every state in the United States probably has petrified wood representing trees that grew during the Pleistocene. _Comet strikes quickly bring on deep freezes._ o [200](13) ANOTHER HUGE IMPACT DISASTER ~20,000 YEARS BP? The Arizona Crater (also known as the Iturralde Structure) is a suspected crater from an impactor which struck northern Bolivia approximately 20,000 years ago. The feature is believed to have been caused by a short period comet striking at 70 kilometres per second and splattering into the muddy alluvial flood plain in the Lower Amazon jungle. The impact created a circular depression which is now roughly 8 kilometres across and 3 metres deep. C. THE 11,600 BC STRIKE - Swarm B' - 13,600 YA o NONE D. THE 11,000 BC STRIKE- Swarm B - 13,000 YA o [201]FIRST FARMERS DISCOVERED The first farmers grew wheat and rye 13,000 years ago in Syria and were forced into cultivating crops by a terrible drought, according to UK archaeologists. What he found was evidence for a terrible drought: "It was very sharp and would certainly have been felt within a human lifetime, perhaps even in the space of 10 or so years." Geologist call this period the Younger Dryas, a 1000-year spell of cold and dry weather with interrupted the planet's gradual warming from the last ice age. o Quick Rise In Temperature (13,000 Years Ago Shonw On Graph) Sir Fred Hoyle: ICE The Ultimate Human Catastrophe: Op. Cit.; pp. 26, 27, 160. From G. R. Coope in A. E. Wright & F. Moseley (eds.) Ice Ages, Ancient & Modern; Seel House Press, 1971. E. THE 10,600 BC STRIKE- Swarm A' - 12,600 YA o [202]RESEARCH RAISES FEAR OF DRAMATIC TEMEPRATURE CHANGE DURING WARMIND TREND - 2 October 1998 Ice core samples from Antarctica suggest that the warming trend that ended an ice age 12,500 years ago may have overtaken the Earth in only a few decades And White's team said the Antarctica ice cores show a temperature increase of about 20 degrees F within a few decades. F. THE 9,600 BC STRIKE- Swarm A - 11,600 YA o [203]COMET THAT LAUNCHED NOAH'S ARK Tollmann, a geology professor at the University of Vienna, compared the numerous great flood myths, recorded in almost every prehistoric civilization, with the geological evidence for a comet impact at about the same time. He used the two sources of information to date the flood to about 9,600 BC. o [204]CHRISTOPHER KNIGHT AND ROBERT LOMAS URIEL'S MACHINE claims that the Book of Giants tells us that the Nephilim were witness to a cometary impact that involved the fragmentation of a comet nucleus into seven pieces and careered into the world around 7545 BC. This theory is derived from the work of Austrian geologists Alexander and Edith Tollmann of Vienna University's Geological Institute. Recent recalibration of these dates using dendrochronology (tree-ring analysis) pushes the 7500 date back by 1200 years, to _around 9800-9700 BC_. The Nephilim were the founders of the Akkad, Sumer and Elam civilizations. See [205]Fig9A. The Akkadian Seal o [206]APOLLO OBJECTS, ATLANTIS AND OTHER TALES ancient literature, impact results, possible location of Atlantis. The date given for the catastrophe, corresponding to circa 11.600 B.P. _YA or 9,600 BC_, fits well the commonly accepted starting time for the withdrawal of the _global_ ices now estimated at 11,450 B.P. o [207]CUBA VERSUS HISPANIOLA - THE ATLANTIS DEBATE CONTINUES It was German rocket scientist and inventor Otto Muck who first linked the Carolina Bays impact with the destruction of Atlantis in the 1950s. However, he saw Atlantis as an Azorean landmass that sunk as the tectonic plates beneath the Mid Atlantic Ridge split apart in the wake of the event. This theory is no longer accepted. There is every reason to conclude that the main island of Atlantis was Cuba while the island empire was made up of the Bahamas and Caribbean, including the regions now under the sea. You can imagine that a comet impact into the Western Atlantic would have caused a mess in the Bahamas and Caribbean. You would have seen tsunami waves thousands of meters high. Yet when these had receded the islands would have suffered a second drowning as the melt waters from the ice sheets gradually inundated the low lying regions of the archipelagos. This took place gradually between 8000 and 3000 BC. Any human habitation on the Bahaman landmass (known today as the Great Bahama bank) would have been destroyed. This then is the Atlantis connection - preserved in the minds of the indigenous peoples of the region as catastrophe legends until the first explorers and traders from the Mediterranean world reached these islands perhaps around 2000 BC. They carried back these catastrophe stories to the ancient world, in the same way that the earliest Spanish explorers did the same during the age of Columbus. o [208]ATLANTIS 'OBVIOUSLY NEAR GIBRALTAR' Jacques Collina-Girard, from the University of the Mediterranean in Aix-en- Provence, says it could have been sited on an island close to the Strait of Gibraltar, and would have vanished below the waves about 11,000 years ago - just as Plato said it did. o [209]SEA LEVEL STUDY REVEALS ATLANTIS CANDIDATE Curiously, nobody has really taken seriously the most obvious location," Collina-Girard adds. According to Plato, Atlantis lay just in front of the Pillars of Hercules - what we now call the Strait of Gibraltar - and disappeared around 9000 BC. o [210]ATLANTIS 11,600 YA DATE. Considers different analyses for the location of Atlantis. o [211]MAYA-MU-OLD-CIVILIZATIONS G. THE 8,300 BC STRIKE- Swarm B' - 10,300 YA o Radiocarbon geochronological data indicates the Pleistocene/Holocene (the last glacial/inter-glacial) boundary at 10,300 +/- 200 years ago near a brief mini-glacial period. See: The New Encylopaedia Britannica; Encylopaedia Britannica Inc.; Chicago, 15 th edition - 1993; Vol. 19 (Geochronology - Nature of the Holocene record), pp. 860 - 870. H. THE 7,800 BC STRIKE- Swarm B - 9,800 YA o NONE I. THE 6,800 BC STRIKE- Swarm A' - 8,800 YA o NONE J. THE 6,200 BC STRIKE- Swarm A - 8,200 YA o [212](1) ENVIRONMENTAL CATASTOPHES AND RECOVERY IN THE HOLOCENE The 8200 year BP event [213]SEE COMING EVENT (2) NEW EVIDENCE FOR GLOBAL NATURAL DISASTER AT ~ 8200 BP - 6 Feburary 1998 About 8,200 years ago, the world climate suddenly got colder and stayed that way for a few hundred years before temperatures returned to normal, according to a team of paleoclimatologists. "This event, which we are calling the 8K event, was short compared to other, more distant events, " says Anna Maria Agustsdottir, graduate student in geosciences, Penn State. "We see it in the Greenland ice cores as one of the biggest dips during the Holocene." K. THE 5,600 BC STRIKE- Swarm C - 7,600 YA o [214](8) MORE ON THE 4000 BP EVENT Climate became dry stepwise with an abrupt transition from one stage to another during the entire Holocene and became driest since about 4,200 BP. Maximum dry climate spells occurred at about 12,000-10,000 BP and after about 4,200 BP. A dry climate event also existed at about 7,600 BP. _Notice the 3,400-year gap between the 4,200 and 7,600 BP. Are there two comet clusters separated by 700 - 800 years in the A swarm?_ L. THE 5,000 BC STRIKE- Swarm B' - 7,000 YA o [215]The magnitude and frequency of tsunami along the South coast of New South Wales, Australia The first event probably occurred concomitantly with the rise of Holocene sea- level near modern levels around 7000 BP. The latest event occurred around 800 years BP although there is sufficient evidence to suggest that one event may have occurred just before European settlement. The recurrence interval of tsunami is now approaching one event every 600 years. o [216]BIBLE 'CLUE' FOUND Scientists have uncovered ancient ruins under the Black Sea indicating that people lived in the area before a cataclysmic flood. Some scientists have linked the 7,000-year-old event, thought to have been caused by waters bursting through from the Mediterranean Sea, to the Biblical story of Noah. M. THE 4,500 BC STRIKE- Swarm B - 6,500 YA o NONE N. THE 3,500 BC STRIKE- Swarm A' - 5,500 YA o [217]EVOLUTION - 1:2 "However, in 1971 it was studied through radiographs and discovered to be a complicated instrument having 30 gears, a planetarium that could determine the motions of the sun and the moon and determine their location in the past and where they would be in relation to the Earth in the future. Such complex instruments with differential gears did not appear in the West until 1575. Yet Ovid credited such an invention to Archimedes, the inventor and discoverer of the principle of gravity, in 300 B.C. The author of the article in 'Omni' observed: "The oldest societies with a written record - Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley - seem to have emerged without any cultural antecedents, between 3400 and 3100 B.C. Seemingly out of nowhere there suddenly appeared a uniform code of laws, the wheel, knowledge of astronomy and agriculture Is it mere coincidence that three centers of enlightenment should emerge simultaneously at widely separated locations?" We need to study all these ruins with a High Tech equipment for proof and understanding, to see if they were before, or after the Flood, . . . The World Before The Flood, they had all types of groupings as we have today, from High Tech to Primitive and this leaves the findings we are discovering today in our new Top Strata, which need to be qualified as: Before Flood (BF), and After Flood (AF). o [218]BEFORE THE STONES: STONEHENGE I AS A COMETARY CATASTROPHE PREDICTOR? By Duncan Steel It is suggested here that one such pair occurred in 3600-3500 and 3200-3100 BC, provoking the construction of the Great Cursus and Stonehenge I. O. THE 3,000 BC STRIKE (Noah's Great Flood)- Swarm A - 5,000 YA o [219]ADDING UP THE RISKS OF COSMIC IMPACT Masse went on to say that at least some of the tales of a Great Flood, found in hundreds of cultures around the world, may relate to an oceanic impact that set off a tsunami. The preliminary picture emerging from this analysis is that on or shortly after _May 10 in 2807 B.C._, the earth was struck by a cosmic impact in the deep waters between Africa and Antarctica. ... These data indicate that the flood itself was the very real product of a combination of large tsunami and atmospheric rainout. o [220]CLIMATE, CULTURE, AND CATASTROPHE IN THE ANCIENT WORLD Links to [221]geological and paleoclimatalogical data bearing on the remarkable events of 3000 BC, when urban/technological society began are offered. Most of the data comes from referenced scientific literature. A graph of scientific events around the [222]Biblical Flood Period (3200 - 2800 BC) is also offered. A Stanford University project. o [223]WHAT CAUSED NOAH'S FLOOD? How Long Ago Did the Flood Occur? Most theologians accept a period between 6,000 to around 5,000 years ago. o [224]AN IMPACT EVENT IN 3114BC? The Beginning of a Turbulent Millennium. o [225]CHRISTOPHER KNIGHT AND ROBERT LOMAS In their opinion, ancients witnessed a worldwide cometary impact in c. 7545 BC (later stated maybe to be 9800 - -9700 BC) and _a later similar catastrophe, centered on the Mediterranean, c. 3100 BC_ (after the work of Clube and Napier, Duncan Steele, etc.). o [226]CULTURE RAINED OFF - 26 June 2001 El Niño events may have altered the course of prehistoric civilization. Around 3,000 years ago rainfall seems to have put paid to the Peruvian progress it kicked off 3,000 years earlier, US researchers now report.1 o [227]FROM JEWISH CHRONICLE - 6 March 1998 According to Israeli born social anthropologist Benny Peiser, of Liverpool John Moores University, such biblical catastrophes as the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah or the flood may well record the havoc wrought by heavenly bodies. The Talmud records the tradition that God caused the flood by taking two stars and casting them to earth, says Dr Peiser. "Before, we did not know of any phenomenon that could trigger such a massive flood disaster," he adds. "Now, recent research on ocean impacts shows that a large body hitting one of the world's oceans could trigger the kind of massive tsunamis capable of wiping out coastal cities." P. THE 2,350 BC STRIKE- Swarm C - 4,350 YA o [228]COMET DESTROYED SODOM AND GOMORRAH - INDEPENDENT ON SUNDAY, 30 March 1997 o [229]COMET-CAUSED COLLAPSE OF THIRD MILLENNIUM BC CIVILIZATIONS? _Swarm C: Cl - 2 Strike_ Coincident with the previous appearance of Comet Hale-Bopp in 2213 BC, something singularly dreadful seems to have happened on our small fragile blue planet. Not only does it appear that both the ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations totally collapsed for a century or more, there is evidence of a sudden catastrophic-but-temporary climate change at this time. Is there a "bad weather" connection? Should we be concerned with the connection if there is one? _Swarm C: Cl - 2 Strike_ Sodom and Gomorrah may have been destroyed by _debris from a comet, _startling new archaeological and astronomical research suggests. Another bombardment from space may have brought on the Dark Ages. The research, to be presented to a special conference at Cambridge University this summer, provides dramatic evidence for an extraterrestrial cause for the wholesale collapse of several civilisations around 2200 BC. [Experts believe that the Biblical account of the destruction of the 'Cities of the Plain' may be an early description of what happened.] o [230]PALEOENVIRONMENTAL DATA FOR ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE: _Swarm C: Cl - 2 Strike_ My hypothesis is that there were two events, the first one around 2350 BC (2345 BC?), and the second one around 2200 BC (2193-2194 BC?), of similar cause, but possibly independent of each other. o [231]NATURAL CATASTROPHES DURING BRONZE AGE CIVILIZATIONS - 1997 _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ The evidence of a great cataclysm between 2200 BC and 2190 BC is so compelling that on this basis we can't dismiss it. On the other hand, Courty is right in her theory of a major occurrence which I would date between 2350 BC and 2340 BC. I suggest that there really were two disparate events, a local one in Near East 2200-2190 BC and 150 years later, 2200-2190 BC, _(likely means 2350 - 2340 BC) _a global one. o [232]SODOM AND GOMORRAH _Swarm C: Cl - 2 Strike_ It seems that there was a great catastrophe around 2200 BC that has destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. The Earth was hit in 2194 or 2193 BC by a comet which had spread into many parts, as did Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 which hit Jupiter in 1994 AD. The Dead Sea lies at latitude 31 degrees N, and the badly devastated Mohenjo-Daro on the shores of Indus had a latitude of 28 degrees N. China's Yangtze area has a latitude of around 30 degrees. N. (Impact latitude is stable, longitude varies, such as it did for Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9.) This latitude is also the latitude between Canary Islands and Madeira. _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ The incidence of 2345-2344 BC may have been an Anatolian event, destroying most badly the area from Troy (IIg) to Tell Leilan. The incidence of 2194-2193 BC surely had a global frame. Mahabharata may describe what happened at Mohenjo- dara, Indus. Edda may describe what happened in the Atlantic Ocean. o [233]CLUES TO BRONZE AGE COMET STRIKE - 25/05/1998 _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ Evidence is growing that a huge comet smashed into the Earth about 4,000 years ago. Scientists are pointing to studies of tree-rings in Ireland which have revealed that about 2,354-2,345 BC there was an abrupt change to a colder climate. o [234]METEOR SHOWERS BLOTTED OUT MAN'S FIRST CIVILISATIONS - 15 December 1997 _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ A CATACLYSMIC shower of giant meteors destroyed the great Bronze Age civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece by provoking a series of natural disasters. New archeological and astronomical evidence indicates that a huge number of extraterrestrial bodies caused famine, flooding and bushfires thousands of miles wide that led to the collapse of the world's first sophisticated civilisations. The findings could solve the puzzle of why successful empires from across the globe all apparently collapsed at roughly the same time in about 2350BC, despite the fact that they were independent of each other and all flourishing until their sudden demise. o [235]ADDING UP THE RISKS OF COSMIC IMPACT _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ Bruce Masse, an environmental archaeologist with Los Alamos National Laboratory, has tried to untangle other astronomical observations from ancient tales told from the Middle East to Hawaii. He referred to an impact event in the Rio Cuarto region of northern Argentina, in which an asteroid 100 to 300 yards (or meters) in diameter apparently broke up as it zoomed through the atmosphere, leaving a trail of craters. This event, which has been dated to around 2000 B.C., may square with tales told of a catastrophic Great Fire by cultures in a large region around the impact site, Masse said. o [236](2) THIRD MILLENNIUM BC CLIMATE CHANGE & OLD WORLD COLLAPSE From: JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE 25,2 (1998), pp. 185-86 _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ The present volume could be viewed as an exposition on exactly these concepts. However, it is also important to know that new evidence, deduced since the volume was produced, has actually made these points even more emphatically. It is known that an abrupt downturn in Irish oaks at 2354-2345 BC (Baillie 1995) falls close to the Icelandic Hekla 4 tephra horizon dated to 2310+/-20 CalBC by the wiggle-matching of high precision radiocarbon dates (Hall et al. 1994). Courty (1997) has now revised the dating of the original c.2200 BC abrupt environmental event seen at Tell Leilan, in Syria, to c.2350 BC! Thus this volume of papers has now to be seen against the existence of what may well be a very dramatic and widespread environmental downturn - a classic point event - the nature of which is hinted at by the report of both tephra and glass spherules at and around the destruction layer at Tell Leilan. o [237]CLUES TO BRONZE AGE COMET STRIKE -May 1998 _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ Evidence is growing that a huge comet smashed into the Earth about 4,000 years ago. Scientists are pointing to studies of tree-rings in Ireland which have revealed that about 2,354-2,345 BC there was an abrupt change to a colder climate. o [238]THIRD MILLENNIUM BC CLIMATE CHANGE AND OLD WORLD COLLAPSE - June 1998 Dalfes, G Kukla, H Weiss. Springer/NATO ISBN 3-540-61892-9 hb - Book Review o [239]CLUES TO BRONZE AGE COMET STRIKE - 5 November 2001 _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ Evidence is growing that a huge comet smashed into the Earth about 4,000 years ago. Scientists are pointing to studies of tree-rings in Ireland which have revealed that about 2,354-2,345 BC there was an abrupt change to a colder climate. They have also highlighted discoveries by archaeologists in northern Syria of a catastrophic environmental event at about the same time. This is also about the time that Bronze Age civilizations collapsed. o [240]CULTURE RAINED OFF 26 June 2001 _Swarm C: Cl - 2 Strike_ Climate-related rise and fall of civilizations has been seen elsewhere. In 1993, Harvey Weiss, of Yale University, and his colleagues claimed that abrupt climate change about 4,200 years ago caused a prolonged drought in the Middle East, affecting civilizations from the Aegean Sea to the Indus River and leading to the collapse of the Akkadian Empire in the Euphrates valley. o [241]CUNEIFORM DOCUMENT LIBRARY HITS WEB The Associated Press, Fri 17 May 2002 ``We are hoping to bring the richness of Mesopotamian culture to anyone who works on anything. We have agriculture texts, magic texts and medical, legal and religious texts. This is a treasure trove that has not been exploited,'' Tinney said. o [242]POSSIBLE CRATER DISCOVERY IN IRAQ - 16 November 2001 _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ Master regards the structure as a possible meteorite impact crater, in a paper presented in September at the Meteoritical Society meeting at the Vatican City. Master, in an abstract in Meteoritics and Planetary Science, also speculated on a possible link between this structure, if it turns out to be in impact crater, and the account of the Flood in the Epic of Gilgamesh, which dates from the end of the 3rd millennium BC. Now other scientists, including archaeologists and astronomers, have seized on this discovery to explain the puzzling demise of a number of Bronze Age sites in the Ancient Near East around 2,300 BC. o [243](1) NEW EVIDENCE FOR 4000 BP NATURAL DISASTER & CIVILISATION COLLAPSE - 24 May 2000 _Swarm C: Cl - 2 Strike_ Archeological evidence has shown that this highly developed civilization collapsed abruptly near 4170 +/- 150 calendar yr B.P., perhaps related to a shift to more arid conditions. Geochemical correlation of volcanic ash shards between the archeological site and marine sediment record establishes a direct temporal link between Mesopotamian aridification and social collapse, implicating a sudden shift to more arid conditions as a key factor contributing to the collapse of the Akkadian empire. Q. THE 1,600 BC STRIKE- Swarm B' - 3,600 YA o [244](7) A FEW COMMENTS ON McBEATH'S VIEWS ON THE HISTORICITY OF THE JOSHUA IMPACT EVENT - 12 February 2002 _Swarm B': Cl - 2 Strike_ Sure enough, after the ca 1586 BCE Joshuaevent these now defenseless people are conquered by Achaeans ca 1580 BCE. . . . The only question that remains is whether this event ca 1586 BCE involved "stones" or "hailstones". _This date is amazingly close to "channeled" data. See: [245]CS - early/94: This comet cluster passed through the solar system 3582 years ago._ o [246](6) BRONZE AGE CITIES MAY HAVE BEEN DESTROYED BY COMET _Swarm B': Cl - 1 Strike_ A SERIES of natural disasters which befell Bronze Age civilisations in many parts of the world may have been the result of comets or meteorites smashing into the Earth. The most exciting new evidence comes from Dr Marie-Agnes Courty, a French expert in the microscopic study of soils and sediments. The original evidence was gathered by the French archaeologist Claude Schaeffer and published almost half a century ago. He found that Bronze Age sites over a huge area of the near and Middle East showed evidence of four destructive episodes, the three most prominent at 2,300 BC, _1,650 BC,_ and 1,200 BC. o [247]COMETS MAY HAVE CAUSED EARTH'S GREAT EMPIRES TO FALL - 17 August 1999 _Swarm B': Cl - 1 Strike_ In a forthcoming book, Catastrophe, the Day the Sun Went Out, British historian David Keys describes a 2-year-long winter that began in A.D. 535. Trees from California to Ireland to Siberia stopped growing. Crops failed. Plague and famine decimated Italy, China and the Middle East. Researchers say similar environmental calamities occurred around 3200 B.C., 2300 B.C., _1628 B.C._ and 1159 B.C. Each led to the collapse of urban societies in widely scattered portions of the globe. R. THE 1,200 BC STRIKE- Swarm B - 3,200 YA o [248](4) MOSES' COMET - 7 July 1999 An Impact, Plus a Volcano, May Have Battered Biblical Egypt Moses called down a host of calamities upon Egypt until the pharaoh finally freed the Israelites. Perhaps he had the help of a comet impact coupled with a volcano. The Exodus story is traditionally dated to either the thirteenth or fifteenth century B.C. The Exodus story includes dust, several days of darkness, hail, dead fish, undrinkable water, cattle killed by hail, water breaking out of rocks, the earth opening, the sea parting as in a tsunami, and so on. o [249]COMET PHAETHON'S RIDE dates it to 1159 B.C.E., or 3159 YA _A period of celestial "comet" activity is noted, suggesting multiple comet cluster passing throught the inner solar system._ # Though definitive dating of protohistoric impact events can only come from careful stratigraphic work, there are some rather strong indicators that a nasty encounter such as suggested here occurred about 1159 B.C.E This is not an arbitrary date for it marks the beginning of a sharp decline in the annual growth of Irish bog oak which lasted almost two decades and for that reason stands out in the over seven thousand year long dendrochronological record based on this species of tree # This "warring period" (given as 1148-1122 B.C.E. by N. Koss 1979) is the subject of a later historical novel (Feng-Shen Yen-I) which contends that the war between Shang and Chow groups was not caused by human factors but by the predestined investiture of the gods (see S.H. Chang 1990 pp. 169-70). In the Shoo King (book of history) there are several mentions of heaven sending down calamities during this time period. _This 26 year long swarm is the same that is anticipated to arrive soon again, this time between 2006 and 2012 (or 2016) AD. Two primary swarms are envisioned, but there may be more._ o [250]COMETS AND THE BRONZE AGE COLLAPSE _results from the last pass of the threatening comet swarm (Swarm B) about 3200 YA (years ago)._ During a close approach to a massive object like our planet a comet would be gravitationally disrupted (Phaethon's disentegrating chariot) independent fragments would then further break to pieces as they entered Earth's atmosphere. This debris, of various shapes and sizes, would scatter widely along the path of the fall, each piece harboring energy in proportion to its mass. The "footprint" of this event could have included some of: southern Europe, the Mediterranean, the Near East, and Northern Africa. Damage, however, would not be uniform throughout this area. If the disintegrating objects were traveling south of east, as the Phaethon story implies, the more massive fragments would travel farther and release their greater energy, explosively, lower in the atmosphere toward the southeast end of the elliptical area directly affected by the fall. In other words, the Near East would be more heavily damaged than southern Europe. A survey scaling intensity of site destruction might reflect this aspect, i.e., vitrification of soil and building materials might occur below lower altitude multi-megaton blasts. Secondary effects of a large impact event would include: a spottily enhanced C- 14 environment, making this means of dating unreliable to confirm or refute simultaneous destruction of disparate sites; a large production of oxides of nitrogen yielding dangerous ozone depletion, perhaps giving a survival advantage to darker skinned people in the aftermath, particularly in equatorial regions; acidic precipitation from the above-mentioned atmospheric chemistry; and, in the higher latitudes, impact winter, caused by suspended dust and soot. o [251](5) WHEN CIVILIZATION COLLAPSED: DEATH OF THE BRONZE AGE - 11 October 2001 From the time of Ramesses III (c. 1182-1151 B.C.E.) through that of Ramesses VII (c. 1133-1127 B.C.E.), the price of emmer wheat in Egypt gradually rose to eight (or, for a time, 24) times its earlier price. Not until the reign of Ramesses X (c. 1108-1098 B.C.E.) did the price drop, but even then it remained twice what it had been at the beginning of the 12th century. During this period, the government also sometimes failed to pay grain and other food rations owed to artisans who cut and decorated the royal tombs. The craftsmen staged strikes at least six times between about 1154 B.C.E. and 1106 B.C.E. because their grain allotments were months in arrears. S. THE 200 BC STRIKE- Swarm A' - 2,200 YA o [252](1) FIRE, FLOOD AND COMET - New Scientist, 9 January 1999, p. 42 The tree-ring record points to global environmental traumas between 2354 and 2345 BC, 1628 and 1623 BC, 1159 and 1141 BC, _208 and 204 BC_ and AD 536 and 545. Baillie argues that the tree rings are recording first the biblical flood, then the disasters that befell Egypt at the Exodus, famines at the end of King Davids reign, a famine in China that ended the Chin (sic) dynasty, and finally, the death of King Arthur and Merlin and the onset of the Dark Ages across the whole of what is now Britain. T. THE 500 AD STRIKES- Swarm A - 1,500 YA o THERE IS STRONG HISTORICAL AND DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL (TREE RING) EVIDENCE OF A COMET IMPACTS [253]440 and 534 AD. _Swarm A: Cl - 1 Strike_ _The 440 AD (1560 YA) strike?_ appears to have been in Britain. According to a TV production aired on KQED 9:00PM 16 May 2000 report, Celtic tales of Arthur record the fiery destruction of Camelot and the hands of the Sun god (tails of comets) reaching upwards. The 534 AD (1466 YA) strike seems to have caused 70 - 80% of China's population to die. The KQED production reports atmospheric sulfur increased around this date, also suggesting a volcanic eruption. See also Baillie's "A Slice of Time" or "Exodus to Arthur". Note: the three-body situation involved result in quasi-periodic, not periodic, comet strikes. o [254](3) THE DAY THE SUN WENT OUT _Swarm A: Cl - 2 Strike_ In 535 AD, nature literally came to standstill. Winter gripped the earth for two years. Startling new evidence shows that trees all over the world - from Ireland to Siberia, California to Finland - stopped growing during the mid-sixth century. Eyewitness accounts describe what we might now call a 'nuclear winter.' According to the Syrian Bishop, John of Ephesus "The sun became dark ...Each day it shone for about four hours, and still this light was only a feeble shadow." An ancient chronicle from Southern China states that: "Yellow dust rained like snow. It could be scooped up in handfuls." Famine and plague followed, killing millions and altering the course of history. o [255](7) 6TH CENTURY CATASTROPHE: WELSH DRAGONS PROBABLY COMETS _Swarm A: Cl - 2 Strike_ o [256]A.D. 536 AND ITS AFTERMATH-THE YEARS WITHOUT SUMMER - June 1998 _Swarm A: Cl - 2 Strike_ A book by Joel D. Gunn, Department of Anthropology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514 Global Climate Change in the First Millennium A.D. Part II presents the convincing, even overwhelming, historical evidence from literate societies that A.D. 536cal was a watershed moment in the history of the world. A search for a plausible boundary between Classical and Modern times has been a subject of debate for much of the twentieth century. _Young argues that A.D. 536cal was the breakline between classical and modern times._ o [257](3) MODERN GLOBAL EFFECTS OF AN AD 536 EVENT _Swarm A: Cl - 2 Strike_ There were successive crop failures in China and the British Isles seem to have been devastated. There is good suggestive data that multiple Tunguska events were involved, at least, and there is no evidence for major volcanic eruptions at that time (which argues strongly for a cosmic vector with the Taurid stream a most likely source). o [258](1) THE MERLIN 'VISION' AND THE 6th CENTURY 'EVENT' - 28 October 1998 _Swarm A: Cl - 2 Strike_ Interestingly the battle of Arfderydd is recorded in the oldest text of the "Annales Cambriae" as having occurred in the year AD 573, and this in turn reminded me of an earlier post to the CCNet by Joel D. Gunn regarding the AD 536 'event' and the upheaval of the 6th century. Could this tale of the 'vision' by the Merlin figure be a recollection of a fragmenting comet/asteroid 'event', with the 'tremendous din' being of a tunguska-like airburst? It made me wonder about the mention in that post, which I then looked up in the CCNet archive: _Referring to the 440 AD strike?_ o [259]TREE RINGS CHALLENGE HISTORY - 08/09/2000 _Swarm A: Cl - 1 Strike_ Mike Baillie (Queen's University in Belfast, UK) said growth rings in bog oaks and archaeological timbers indicated that a great catastrophe struck the Earth in AD 540. Professor Baillie favors the idea that comet fragments smashed into the atmosphere throwing up dust and gas that blocked out the Sun. This, in turn, led to crop failures, famine and even plague among the weakened peoples of the world. o [260]MYSTERY CLOUD OF AD 536 _Swarm A: Cl - 1 Strike_ The densest and most persistent dry fog on record was observed in Europe and the Middle East during AD 536 and 537. There is sufficient detailed information to estimate the optical depth and mass of this remarkable stratospheric dust cloud. Its importance resides in the fact that its mass and its climatic consequences appear to exceed those of any other volcanic cloud of the past three millennia. o [261](8) MORE ON THE AD 540 EVENT - June 1998 _Swarm A: Cl - 1 Strike_ Surely, if a volcanic vector were a major player in the AD 540 event, this activity would have registered in Greenland, as the AD 79 eruption did if the signal at AD 77 (off due to counting error) is the result of Vesuvius. To the best of my knowledge, every known major eruption above 10 degrees S. latitude in the past 2000 years has registered in the Greenland ice. It is hard to imagine a volcanic vector for the AD 540 event (not) to have registered there, too. o [262](5) MORE ON THE AD 536 EVENT - June 1998 _Swarm A: Cl - 2 Strike_ Univ. North Carolina reports on a recent conference dedicated to the A.D. 536 marker event as a global phenomenon. The cause for this climate plunge seems to be undetermined as between volcanic and cosmic. o [263](11) DOUBTS ABOUT VOLCANIC CATASTROPHE AD 536 6 April 2000 _Swarm A: Cl - 2 Strike_ o [264](12) DRAGONS, BEOWULF, & FIRE FROM THE SKY - 14 March 2000 _Swarm A: Cl - 2 Strike_ The interesting point being that Chinese stories note dragons wrestling in ponds in 503 and 524 while in the West Beowulf wrestles Grendel's mother in a pond in a context which has independently suggested dates between 495 and 533. Why would two such similar concepts appear at almost exactly the same times so far apart? Here the Chinese context helps by telling us that their dragons are associated with fireballs. But better still they tell us that where the dragons passed "all the trees were broken" which could have a Tunguska type ring to it. Surprisingly, in Beowulf as Grendel's mother takes off across the moors "They followed the (her) tracks along forest paths..." which sounds remarkably similar to the Chinese version. In Heaney's recent translation he says "The forest paths were marked all over with the monster's tracks...". - Mike Baillie o [265]"THE DARK AGES: WERE THEY DARKER THAN WE IMAGINED?" _Swarm B_ The twelfth century BC is associated with the "Greek Dark Ages", the end of the Hittite civilization in the Near East, the end of Bronze Age Israel, and the end of the Bronze Age Shang dynasty in China. Ancient Chinese history has the notion of "mandate from heaven", where the rulers were essentially subject to the whims of the sky above. Strange sights in the sky would not be seen as good news for Chinese Emperors. Indeed, around this time, Chinese records speak of: _Swarm A: Cl - 2 Strike_ "...many gods and spirits were annihilated in this battle, and several stellar dignitaries were replaced by newcomers to the celestial domains." Chinese historical records of AD 540 say: "Dragons fought in the pond of the K'uh o. They went westward.... In the places they passed, all the trees were broken." Ben Rudder, an anthropologist who reviewed in New Scientist magazine a recently published book by Baillie on the subject, wrote: "If Baillie is right, history has overlooked probably the single most important explanation for the intermittent progress of civilization. Worse, our modern confidence in benign skies is foolhardy, and our failure to appreciate the constant danger of comet "swarms" is the result of a myopic trust in a mere 200 years of "scientific" records." Baillie himself notes that: "There is, I feel, a strong case for the contention that we do not inhabit a benign planet. This planet is bombarded relatively often. If this story is correct, we have been bombarded at least three times - and probably five times - since the birth of civilization some 5,000 years ago. And each time, the world was changed." _Note, 5000 divided by 3 intervals is 1633 years. This Vulcan web site suggests the quasi-periodic average is 1677 years._ U. THE 1,000 AD STRIKE- Swarm C - 1,000 YA o [266](9) THE CATASTROPHIC YEARS AROUND 850 AD - 10 January 2001 _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ Could the comet, or comets, possibly causing the traumas around 850AD actually have been seen? The excellent essay by James Palmer and Trevor Palmer (CCNet, 5th.Dec.,2000) is supported by Barry Hetherington (1) who points out comets seen in 836, 837 (Halley), two in 838, 840 (two, accompanied by a report of a meteor shower in the same year(2)), 841 (two), 842, 844, 852, 853, 855, 857, 858, two in 864 (one observed as yellowish), 866 ( noted as "comets appeared in the spring"), 867, 868 (three, one seen near Venus, another in January, and a third in February), and 869. Most of these were recorded by Chinese observers, but some by European. Although none of these comets are reported as particularly spectacular, which one would have thought would be a requirement of a giant, and possibly close-approaching, comet capable of causing such devastation, at least they are evident. The culprit, such as it may be, would certainly have been visible. o [267]NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR BETWEEN 986 AND 1030 AD _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ ~1000: The climate of northern Europe is warming. Drift ice is rare south of the Arctic Circle. This warm period continues until about the year 1200. Drastic changes in the Earth's climate can occur within decades. _Due to comet or meteorite strike_ o [268]THE NORSE HISTORY OF GREENLAND 982-1500 _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ # 982-985 Erik the Red explores and names Greenland, after being outlawed for three years on account of manslaughter in Iceland. # 986 Southern Greenland is settled by Erik the Red as he leads the first settlers from Iceland. Erik the Red settles in Brattahlid (today's Qassiarsuk) which becomes the center of the Eastern Settlement. # 1408 A wedding is held at Hvalsey Church. This is the last written record of Greenland's Norse population. _Could the comet of swarm C have struck in the water warming the Earth as Hoyle suggests?_ o [269](2) WAS THERE AN OCEANIC IMPACT IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE IN 1178? - 29 April 1998 _Swarm C: Cl - 2 Strike_ o [270](1) OCEANIC IMPACT MIGHT HAVE INSPIRED ABORIGINAL LEGEND - April 1998 _Swarm C: Cl - 2 Strike_ Geologist Professor Ted Bryant believes the legend of a "white wave" that wiped out Aboriginal culture more than 200 years ago tells of a natural disaster that devastated the south coast of NSW after a comet strike in the Tasman Sea. The Wollongong University geologist estimates the tsunami was moving at about 350kmh when it hit the coast. He believes the earlier tsunami, which struck about 850 _1150 AD_ years ago, was probably even bigger. o [271]THE EVIDENCE OFANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL BURNING _Swarm C: Cl - 2 Strike_ 1.1.2.9: The Medieval Warm Period - the Little Optimum (1150-1320 AD). .. "from around 1150-1300 a much warmer climate was experienced throughout the temperate latitudes."; "1100-1300AD medieval warm period."; "This warmer epoch (1150-1300) is now usually referred to as the Little optimum."; "Between 900- 1300ad the world basked in temperatures about a degree warmer than todays."; "By 1200 Europeans has cut and ploughed their way across the continent with such thoroughness that they threatened to create a treeless desert. With a few great exceptions, Europe's great forests date from the late Middle Ages."; "Around 1,000 years ago came several centuries during which northern latitudes were perhaps a few degrees warmer than today."_Water Strike Wrms Earth - Hoyle_ 1.1.2.10: The Little Ice Age (1320-1850). "By 1320 all northwest europe was in the grip of the little ice age. .. but the little ice age did not finally end until the middle of the 19thc."; "1520-1850 ad little ice age." "There is widespread evidence for cooling during what is generally recognized as the Little Ice Age of the fourteenth to the early 19C."; "The period 1550-1750 was the coldest this millennium .." o [272]WHAT DAMAGE HAVE IMPACTS DONE TO HUMANS IN RECORDED HISTORY? - May 11, 2001 _Swarm C: Cl - 3 Strike_ The most incredible Chinese report is that of the Chíing-yang Meteorite Shower of 1490. Supposedly, tens of thousands of people were killed during the shower in the Shansi province. Yau et al. tell us that "[t]he Chíing-yang incident seems rather implausible in terms of the total number of casualties and the narrow size distribution of the meteorite fragments (Yau et al. 1994)," but they also point out its similarities to the Tunguska event, which would have devastated a populated area. o [273]ADDING UP THE RISKS OF COSMIC IMPACT _Swarm C: Cl - 3 Strike_ HISTORICAL RECORD How does this square with human history? Here, scientists may review records left in the language of folklore. For example, in Chinas Shanxi Province, 10,000 people were said to have been killed in the year 1490 by a hail of falling stones that some astronomers surmise may have been triggered by the breakup of a large asteroid. _Strike killed many people, but maybe did not change weather much._ o [274]GLOBAL COOLING MINI-ICE AGE _Swarm C: Cl - 1 Strike_ It was AD 986. Erik the Red, ousted from Iceland for manslaughter, set sail with a hardy group of Vikings for a faraway land. Erik called it Greenland, a place ordinarily hostile to humans with its mile-thick ice cap. What Erik could not have known was that his adventure, like other Viking exploration a thousand years ago, was greatly aided by a long-term change in the weather. For about 400 years, much of the earth's climate inexplicably warmed up - a time now known as the Medieval Warm Period. _986 AD - 400 = 586 AD, close to 536 AD impact date._ _Swarm C: Cl - 2 Strike_ Then a chill set in. Slowly at first. People didn't want to believe it. Farmers were reluctant to give up their new fields. Settlers on Greenland held on for as long as possible. But the steadily expanding cold was irresistible by the 1200s. Unspeakable hardships began to take hold in much of the world. In Iceland, extensive grasslands that had supported sheep, goats, and cattle from AD 874 had receded by 1200. _Swarm B' Strike_ The Thames River at London froze frequently in the 1600s. "Frost fairs" atop the Thames became common in the 1700s, and in 1820 it was so cold that river ice was reported as five feet thick. By 1700, Iceland was surrounded with sea ice that made commerce with the rest of the world hazardous. And in faraway China, citrus groves that had survived for centuries froze in Jiangxi province. The Little Ice Age lasted anywhere from 400 to 700 years. Exact dates are uncertain._Ice ages caused by the comet swarm C and B' strikes overlapped._ 1.1.2.11: The Climatic Oscillations during the Little Ice Age. "Following the medieval cold of the 1400s the weather seemed to oscillate wildly. There were some very warm summers and some appallingly wet ones producing floods and failed harvests. The early 1500s were generally warm, but around the middle of the century the so-called little ice age set in - another bitterly cold epoch."; "The period 1550-1750 was the coldest this millennium, although the climate wildly fluctuated and the mid-1660s were so warm drought struck in the summer."_Comet fragment struck circa 1680 AD?_ V. THE 1,700 AD STRIKE - Swarm B' - 300 YA o [275]METEOR FALLS AND OTHER NATURAL PHENOMENA BETWEEN 1392-1863 Table I shows the distribution of the records of abnormal phenomena I examined, divided roughly into 50-year periods. Looking at Table I shows that the records of unusual phenomena were concentrated from Period 3 to Period 7, or the period from 1501-1750. This 250-year period comprises 63% of the total period examined, yet it accounts for 80% of the recorded phenomena. Therefore, it seems safe to assume that there was a high frequency of abnormal natural phenomena concentrated during this period. o [276](1) AN IMPACT TRIGGERED MEGA-TSUNAMI IN 1700? Based on Japanese records, scientists were able to pinpoint a date - Jan. 26, 1700 - and estimate that the rupture of a long stretch of seafloor had caused a magnitude 9 quake, which would be the largest known temblor to strike what is now the contiguous United States. o [277](1) OCEANIC IMPACT MIGHT HAVE INSPIRED ABORIGINAL LEGEND - April 1998 Geologist Professor Ted Bryant believes the legend of a "white wave" that wiped out Aboriginal culture more than 200 years ago tells of a natural disaster that devastated the south coast of NSW after a comet strike in the Tasman Sea. Most historians had assumed the legend referred to the coming of white men to Sydney Cove in January, 1788. Prof. Bryant told a major international research conference in Melbourne this week that the tidal wave was one of two giant tsunamis that hit the NSW coast in the past 1000 years. o [278]THE LITTLE ICE AGE Grain growing in Iceland was given up in the 14th century. In 1695 sea ice completely surrounded Iceland except for one port. Even from the highest mountains, open water could not be seen in all directions (Figure 1h) (Lamb 1977, p. 453). This and later sea ice flows resulted in the island getting its present name. Glacial advances in North America occurred from 1711-1724 and 1835-1849 (Lamb 1977, p. 453). Increase in the amount of Arctic sea ice resulting from calving of more northern glaciers also was observed. Once-productive Icelandic farms were covered by advancing glaciers. So serious was the climatic change experienced by Icelanders that Denmark, the parent country, considered evacuating all the islanders and re-settling them in Europe. o [279]LANDSCAPE FEATURES OF ICELAND You might wonder now about real ages. # 350 to 200 thousand years ago: second-last major glacial period (by name: the Saale/Riss/Illinoian period) # 120 to 25 thousand years ago: last major glacial period (by name: the Weichsel/Würm/Wisconsin period) # 11 thousand years ago: short but severe cold period _(short ice age; not to be confused with relative recent colder periods - sometimes called "mini-ice ages" e.g. 17th century in Europe - which weren't ice ages at all.) _ _Major impacts caused the real ice ages. Minor impacts caused the mini-ice ages._ o [280](9) 1680 COMET - 1 February 2002 At the beginning of December, ASTRA had an excellent lecture from Martin Lunn, MBE, on 'The Great Comets'. He brought a range of books with him and among others I bought Gale B. Christianson's "Edwin Hubble, Mariner of the Nebulae" (Institute of Physics Publishing, 1995). On page 55 I've just found the following: A second comet tracked by Edmond Halley in 1680... it was William Whiston, a disciple of the great Isaac Newton and his successor as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, who believed that the comet of 1680 had literally grazed the earth after the fall of Eden, triggering the Noachian Deluge in 2346 BC - 'the year of sin'. o [281]WILLIAM WHISTON AND THE DELUGE The years 1680 and 1682 were years of unusually bright comets. Many pamphlets were printed, especially in Germany, on the imminent end of the world; at the very least, great catastrophes were expected. o [282]THE LITTLE ICE AGE : How Climate Made History 1300-1850 W. TUNGUSKA AND OTHER RECENT STRIKES - Swarm B o [283]70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TUNGUSKA EVENT o [284]ANOMALOUS PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1908 TUNGUSKA EVENT o [285]A TUNGUSKA-LIKE BLAST IN BRAZIL IN 1930 o [286]WHAT DAMAGE HAVE IMPACTS DONE TO HUMANS IN RECORDED HISTORY? - May 11, 2001 o [287]A DAYTIME FIREBALL IN 1944 While stationed in central Africa in December 1944, Norman Appleton witnessed a meteor so bright he remembered it his entire life. o [288]MASSIVE ICE LUMP FALLS ON ENGLAND December 10, 1980. Birmingham o [289]GIANT ICE BLOCK FALLS IN CHINA April 11, 1983. Wuxi, China. o [290]50-POUND 'ICE BOMB' FALLS IN WEST VIRGINIA o [291]SHOWER OF COKE At one house there were more than 92 pieces of coke. The largest piece measured 6.0 cm by 4.6 cm. At another place there were small roof-like stone chippings that were seen in melting hailstones. o [292]A BRIGHT FLYING OBJECT AND ANOTHER ENIGMATIC CRATER January 18,1994, a very bright luminous object crossed the sky of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. o [293]HUGE FIREBALL EXPLOSION IN 1994 o [294]A METEOR IMPACT OR EARTH SLUMP? November 22, 1996. The Honduras-Guatemala border o [295]A METEORITE HITS HONDURAS and makes a 165-foot-wide crater. This story was discovered on the CNN web site. A meteorite slammed into a sparsely populated area of Honduras last month, terrifying residents and leaving a 165-foot-wide crater, scientists confirmed Sunday, December 15, 1996. o [296]LOS ALAMOS ARRAY DETECTS LARGE, BRIGHT METEOR: Laboratory researcher joins the search LOS ALAMOS, N.M., Oct. 10, 1997 o A comet fragment, impacting in or detonating above water, could be responsible for the 7.4 magnitude Turkish earthquake of 08/17/1999 without leaving an impact crater. However, such a strike could be the fulfillment of a Nostradamus [297]prophecy.: Century X Quatrain 72 In the year 1999 and seven months, A great king of terror will come from the sky. He will bring back the great king of the Mongols. Before and after, Mars rules happily. _The "seven" referred to the Chinese lunar month (about 10 August until 9 September 1999). The Mongols use the Chinese lunar calendar._ A red fireball was reported over the Sea of Marmara. There were associated tsunamis. See [298]17 August 1999 in the EARTHQUAKES section. However, possible translation problems may exist. Such meteor strikes are common and often produce a [299]fireball". [300]SOLAR ECLIPSE AS SEEN FROM TURKEY analyses data obtained from NASA's video feed of the Solar Eclipse as seen from Turkey. Interesting object(s)are found. "Is this the comet? It appears to be in the correct position and construct suggests a comet indeed." [301]Comets are occasionally observed near the Sun during solar eclipses. _Possibly, Nostradamus' "great king of terror" may have been a strike by a comet fragment (seen six days earlier) in a geologically sensitive region, producing a devastating earthquake. If so, then the [302]trajectory of his great comet strike predicted to occur near the beginning of the millenium could also be correct._ o [303]B-2: DOCUMENTED IMPACTS ON EARTH IN LAST DECADE o [304]IT CAME OUT OF THE SKY 29 June 2000 A natural explosion near the US-Canadian border in January released energy close to that of the Hiroshima nuclear bomb. No one was hurt, although it shook up hundreds of locals. The blast, high in the atmosphere, was the result of the arrival of a 150-ton rock from space. o [305]LOW SOUNDS DETECT METEOR BLAST One of the first stations of what will be a global "infrasound" listening network, has detected a meteor that exploded over the Pacific Ocean with the force of the Hiroshima nuclear blast. The 23 April 2001 explosion occurred 1,118 miles away from the Scripps detector. It was also detected by an infrasound array in Germany, 6,835 miles away. o [306]NORTHEAST FIREBALL LIKELY A METEOR 10:29 PM EDT July 23, 2001. The flash and boom were "literally the talk of the town" in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. An astronomy professor at Penn State University said that meteor showers are normally silent, a large one could create concussive sound waves. X. IMPENDING STRIKE DATES o [307]Whiston's Flood Newton protege William Whiston took upon himself the task of differentiating the claims of science and religion by emphasizing the hard-core millennial view that had dominated the middle ages, namely that the biblical prophecies of Daniel and Revelation should be understood as calling for a violent end of the world. Whiston had succeeded Isaac Newton in holding the chair of mathematics at Cambridge University in 1703 and his central belief held that the biblical and and scientific accounts of the deluge could be reconciled, a view he presented in A New Theory of the Earth, written in 1696, in which it was argued that comet impact was the probable origin of the deluge. Whiston's theory was controversial, but he received support from Locke and apparently Newton himself. Whiston believed that the London earthquake of 1750 was a sign of impending doom, though other considerations suggested to him that 1866 would be the year. _Newton ultimately set the date at some time after the year 2000._ o [308]TROUBLED TIMES: ASTROPHYSICS A scientific revolution and new paradigm - The theory of cosmic catastrophism and the impact hazard. Comets a more substantial current hazard than stray asteroids - Clube, Hoyle, Napier & Wickramasinghe o [309]PROPHECY AS THE KEY TO WORLD HISTORY Stephen Bernd, a German "apocalyptist" speaks of a sudden awareness of impending gigantic cosmic catastrophe. This man evaluated 250 "prophetic" sources (mostly non-biblical) and came to the conclusion that they will all culminate in our time. He says, "For the year X, which must be very close to the next millennia o [310]THE GREAT PYRAMID The material here is based on a book by Peter Lemesurier called the Great Pyramid Decoded. The book shows how the internal passage system forms a precise 3D diagram that marks significant events and gives a time scale. A room is at the low point of the whole passage system, except for the deep pit _symbolizing a comet strike_ in the middle of the floor. The pit begins around 2004 +/- 3 and seems to continue until 2025 +/- 3 AD. o [311]"THE COSMIC SERPENT" - Clube & Napier. A 1500 year revisit and a possible (nominal) 2030 AD impact date (vice a 1677 year and 2006 - 2012 AD date per the [312]METEOR/COMET BOMBARDMENT-WHEN WILL THEY STRIKE? Section of the 1999 Paper or the [313]COMET IMPACT PREDICTIONS). o [314]METEOR STREAM KEY TO EARTH'S CLIMATE - Dr Victor Clube (note 500 AD, 1300 BC and 3000 BC dates) Whipple and Hamid accurately retro-calculated the orbits of a number of meteors to indicate that several major fragmentations have taken place during the last five thousand years. The most significant of these events took place around 3000 BC due to an encounter in the asteroid belt; another was deemed to have occurred around AD 500, with possibly yet another in the second half of the second millennium BC. The epochs around 3000 and 1300 BC in particular correspond to significant deteriorations in the global climate for two or three centuries or more. It is known from other studies that a correlation exists between global rainfall and the incidence of meteor dust on the earth; so the indications now are for a considerable degree of climatic control by the Taurid-Arietid stream. Indeed, its giant comet is likely to have produced the last ice age whilst modulating the climate during the subsequent interglacial through the intermediary of stratospheric dust veils. o [315]THE PREDICTIONS OF AGES Certainly, if you subscribe to the idea, that the Mayan calendar was designed to predict the end of the next age, then it would have most likely been constructed shortly after the last age. What other reason could there be to select the 3113 BC starting date? Did the Mayans just pick this date out of the blue? Every other calendar on earth, has a starting date which is associated with a major historical event; whether that be, the creation of the world, the birth of Christ, or a fleeing of Mohammed. It would seem more than likely, that around this year there was a major earth shaking event. Also, the age ending date in 2012, although it is close, does not match the dates given by the other prophets. Thus, we are faced with the possibility, that either a mistake was made in translating the dates from the Mayan to the Gregorian calendar, or 2012 might only be an approximation of an end time. o [316]LIBRARY OF DATE SETTERS OF THE END OF THE WORLD!!! Over 200 predictions and counting! 5. EARTH CHANGES (INDIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH VULCAN) A. EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD AND CLIMATE CHANGE o [317]GEOLOGIST SAYS NORTH POLE MAY FLIP TO SOUTH A geologist says there are signs the North Pole is about to flip to the South Pole. He claims changes in the way molten iron is flowing in the Earth's core could trigger a switch. Experts at the Physics of the Globe Institute of Paris and the Danish Space Research Institute in Copenhagen carried out the comparison and say the magnetic field off the southern tip of Africa has already flipped. o [318]ON THE POSSIBILITY OF VERY RAPID SHIFTS OF THE POLES - 11 April 1997 - Summary : - Evidence exists that the poles have changed position during the past ages. This possibility, however, so far has been disregarded on the basis that such a phenomenon is thought to be physically impossible. The following article shows the possibility of very rapid shifts of the poles due to the impact of astronomical objects as small as a half-kilometer diameter asteroid. _Acording to the Vulcan web site, the inner core of the Earth first changes its magnetic orientation. Then the strike of a meteorite orients the magnetic domains of the material in the Earth's crustal regions. Thus, the meteorite strikes "cement" the changed magnetic field._ o [319]ON THE POSSIBILITY OF VERY RAPID SHIFTS OF THE POLES - 14 April 1997 Critisism of above. An interesting aspect of his arguments is the derivation of the size of asteroid needed to cause a polar shift. The way in which Dr. Barbiero determines the size of the impactor needed to cause pole shifting is not only incorrect, but it completely ignores the physical processes by which cratering occurs. It fails to provide any justification for the minimumsize of the meteorite needed create the torque which he claims is needed for pole shifting. o [320]"ALMOST INCONCEIVABLE" CHANGES IN THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD Lava flows testified that, during a reversal, the earth's field swung at the astonishing rate of 3° (and up to 6°) in a single day. Three unpalatable possibilities have been advanced: 1. The earth's molten core can change rapidly in response to forces still unrecognized. 2. The dynamo theory of the origin of the geomagnetic field is incorrect. 3. Mountain rocks are not faithful recorders of the geomagnetic field (undermines, the whole field of paleomagnetism). o [321]DOES THE EARTH CHANGE ITS SHAPE? A great weakening in the Earth's magnetic field has been discovered to have occurred 3500 to 3000 BC. See this related web site's first figure. _This weakening correlates with Vulcan's last aphelion 5,000 years ago._ o [322]THE CENTRAL EXPANDING EARTH EXCHANGE o [323]EPISODE OF STEEP GEOMAGNETIC INCLINATION All scenarios of crustal plate motion may have to be modified substantially. o [324]WHEN THE EARTH SHIFTED GEARS No one really knows just how the terrestrial magnetic field is generated or why it has reversed its direction so frequently in past geological time. Perhaps there is a clue in the following correlation: Magnetic quiet periods coincide with fast seafloor spreading. During these periods, buoyant spreading ridges displace seawater into broad shelves, thus decreasing earth's albedo and causing global warming. Temperature gradients, and thus density gradients, from pole to equator decrease in surface waters, and the deep ocean currents of oxygenated polar waters wane. Oxygen minimum zones intensify and widens. o [325]EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD JERKS It now seems almost certain that around 1969 a spectacular change took place in the geomagnetic field. The change was almost synchronous over the whole of the Earth's surface, took place in less than two years, and is now known to have consisted of a 'jerk'. o [326]BEHIND MAGNETIC FLIP-FLOPS Taking a different tack, D. Gubbins has investigated the possibility that field reversals are triggered by ice ages and meteorite impacts (tektite falls). The physical mechanism here would be the increase in pressure upon the core, which affects the rate of freezing in the outer core, and thus the power available to the core dynamo. o [327]THE MAGNETIC JERK PROBLEM While most geophysicists acknowledge that something significant happened to the core in 1969, the geographical extent of the "jerk" is unclear. The acceleration of the field was clear cut in Europe but obscure or undetectable over much of North America. o [328]GEOMAGNETIC REVERSALS FROM IMPACTS ON THE EARTH A review the evidence tying geomagnetic reversals to the impacts of large bodies with the earth. The climate changes; biological extinctions occur, etc. A physical mechanism for geomagnetic reversals is proposed. o [329](5) NEW INSIGHT INTO EARTH'S MAGNETIC QUIRKS But there is also evidence for more frequent episodes when the magnetic poles have moved a large distance -- 45 degrees or more away from the geographical pole -- then returned. These events, known as 'excursions', are rather like failed attempts at reversal. When they occur, the strength of the magnetic field falls dramatically as well, by a factor of 5 or 10. Professor Gubbins has drawn on recent experimental results, particularly those from a research group in Utrecht headed by Dr Cor Langereis, which clearly identify six relatively recent magnetic excursions as true global phenomena. All the excursions lasted roughly the same length of time -- about 5,000 years. o [330]COMPLEXITIES OF THE INNER EARTH o [331](7) "EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD WASN'T ALWAYS WHAT WE HAVE ASSUMED" - 21 December 2000 Now, Van der Voo and colleague Trond Torsvik of the Geological Survey of Norway have found a way to reconcile the paleomagnetic data with the classical Pangea A model. The key, they say, lies in assumptions about Earth's magnetic field. Scientists generally have assumed the field is like that of a dipole, an object such as a bar magnet, with north and south magnetic poles. That view is not exactly correct -- the field does have some non-dipole components today -- but because those components vary from century to century, they have been presumed to cancel out over long spans of time. But suppose, says Van der Voo, "that the main magnetic field wasn't what we have always assumed as perfectly dipolar -- that there was a longstanding non-dipolar field that did not get averaged out." If that were true, positions indicated by paleomagnetic data would be slightly different from those that assume a purely dipolar field. Sure enough, when Van der Voo and Torsvik performed an analysis they found long-term non-dipole fields, and inclusion of these fields produced a near perfect continental fit with the Pangea A model. o [332]ALMOST INCONCEIVABLE CHANGES IN THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD. The Earth's geomagnetic field has be found to change as rapidly as 6 degrees per day corresponding to [333]Figure10. Rapid Rotation of the Earth's Inner Core of the [334]ANALYSIS section of the 1997 Paper. o [335](1) ANCIENT EARTH HAD MAGNETIC FIELD 3X STRONGER THAN ONCE THOUGH - 6 March 2001 [336]A POLE SHIFT IS THE LEAST OF OUR WORRIES Since 1830, the terrestrial magnetic field has been decreasing in strength. As the field weakens, so does what many believe is the natural navigatory force for many living creatures... o [337]WARM-UP IN THE ALPS It is not only the glaciers themselves that are warming, but the rock and soil beneath the surface as well. Scientists have discovered that Europe's permafrost, the frozen earth covering mountain areas like the Alps, is melting. Underground temperatures have risen by nearly a degree in the past decade - three times faster than at any other time in the last century. _The [338]rapid rotation of the Earth's inner core, as shown if Figure 10 and its continued motion could be readjusting thermal chimneys or even generating the release of thermal energy by that rotation itself. Evidence of global warming could be from this energy release. The oceans could likewise be warmed, producing dramatic climate changes. Glacial surges can be anticipated._ o [339]SATELLITES SHOW GREENING PLANET 5 September, 2001 Researchers using satellite data say that plant life above 40 degrees north latitude has been growing more vigorously since 1981. The growing season in Eurasia is now almost 18 days longer than before with spring arriving a week early and autumn delayed by 10 days. The growing season in North America appears to be as much as 12 days longer. This research will appear in the Journal of Geophysical Research. _Perhaps this is more due to the Earth warming from within than atmospheric induced global warming._ o [340]THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET IS MELTING! Melt rates of this area are indicative of geothermal fluxes 15 to 30 times greater than the continental background rate. And if a natural volcano can't bring about the demise of the Greenland Ice Sheet, it's very likely the human volcano won't either. o [341]BE PREPARED: SUDDEN SHIFTS IN CLIMATE COMING Embedded in ancient tree rings and ice cores are signs that quick, drastic change is a fundamental characteristic of Earth's climate. In a sense, humanity has been living in the meteorological equivalent of a fool's paradise. Agriculture and other aspects of civilization have developed during a period of relatively benign climate. _Comet strikes cause rapid climate change._ o [342]SATELLITES REVEAL EARTH'S MIDRIFF BULGE EXPANDING Satellite measurements show that the globe's 25,600-mile circumference has grown about a quarter of an inch since 1998. _Things getting hotter (even from the inside) expand!_ o [343]RED PLANET WARMING High-resolution images snapped by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor show that levels of frozen water and carbon dioxide at the Red Planet's poles have dwindled dramatically over a single Martian year. _Mars, like Earth, is warming from the inside due to a shift of its primordial black hole core as Vulcan passed aphelion circa 1970._ B. INCREASED AURORA RESULTING FROM A DEMINISHED EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD o [344]LIGHTS SNAPPED FROM SPACE Red and green lights dance in the sky above the North and South poles. The two lights - the Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis - appear to be a mirror image of each other. o [345]DOES THE AURORA BOREALIS FORECAST WAR IN THE UNITED STATES? The shifting core of the Earth may cause mass astrological affects on mankind which induce war. See [346]Fig10. Rapid Rotation of the Earth's Inner Core The thesis proposed above is not necessarily unreasonable. # World War II followed a great Aurora Borealis . . . A great aurora borealis illuminated the skies of the world on January 25, 1938. Shortly after, World War II began. This was the great sign foretold by the Virgin Mary to the children at Fatima on July 13, 1917. "Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of France," 1938, pp. 43-68; pp. 113-125; pp. 306-310: "The first impression was of a gigantic conflagration..." # Prior Aurora Borealis . . . there was a war . . . Our Lady - "My children, I wish you to know that you ignored a sign of a short few days ago. We sent from the heavens the Aurora Borealis to shine unto men and let them know that when this happened before, there was a war." (3-18-89) # September 11, 2001 - terrorism brings war to America. at November 6, 2001 - A rare sighting in Ohio of the aurora borealis prompted a flurry of phone calls from concerned citizens to National Weather Service offices. at Southerly Ramona, California (at 33 o latitude, in the beautiful foothills east of San Diego)--I never thought I'd see the Aurora Borealis, but there it is. at North of Atlanta, Ga in Gainesville, GA. Took a look outside and to my surprise I saw the northern lights. at Southeast Florida and I can see this!!! It's in the northeastern sky at There are three huge red glowing shafts/streaks of light in the northern sky, the lights can be seen all the way down here in Phoenix AZ at I'm in the Northeast Heights of Albuquerque(35 o north latitude) and the sky is a deep, crimson red north of the city. C. EARTHQUAKES offer a way to verify the impending comet threat o [347](1) ALASKAN EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED BY ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT? - 12 January 1999 The thing is burned on my retina," said Habecker, a ranger at Denali National Park and an astronomy buff. The light that blazed at about 10:20 p.m. Friday "was the biggest thing I've ever seen in the night sky." "You could feel it traveling through the house," said Candice Bales, a lawyer who lives in Palmer and felt the boom but never saw the light. "It came from the Sutton area, as fast as it traveled through the house. We felt it with our feet." Enough people called authorities Friday night to express concern that state troopers took a helicopter up to Mount McKinley the next day to search for a possible area of impact. The flight Saturday arose partly out of a confusion with another real event - an earthquake that struck the McKinley area about 50 minutes after the flash-boom. The small temblor, registering 2.5 on the Richter scale, occurred at 11:14 p.m. Friday and was centered 45 miles northwest of Talkeetna, said geophysicistBruce Turner with the Tsunami Warning Center in Palmer. _Compare this to the possibility of a comet fragment, impacting in or detonating above water, could be responsible for the 7.4 magnitude Turkish earthquake of 08/17/1999 without leaving an impact crater. However, such a strike could be the fulfillment of a Nostradamus prophecy. See section 4W Tunguska and other Recent Strikes._ o [348]IMPENDING EARTHQUAKES TO HIT NEW YORK AND CALIFORNIA. _Is this the prelude to the big one?_ Earthquake in New York and California... Our Lady - "My child, the earthquakes will increase now. There will be one in New York. . . . "I repeat again, the earthquakes will increase in volume. California shall be struck. New York shall be struck. As I told you once before, there will be earthquakes in places that have never known a quake." (10-5- 85) Great Earthquake in Los Angles and New York... Jesus - "There will be pestilence anew. There will be earthquakes in many places. The present ones have been nothing compared to what will happen next. There will be a great earthquake in the Los Angeles area, and also New York. I told you this before." (6-17-89) o [349]HURRICANES, EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANOES 07-18-98 A series of 14 quakes will strike Japan with the 7.2 quake that hit Osaka being the 7th one. One of the next 4 will be an 8.9 Osaka quake. The 13 th quake will be a 9.6 quake that will strike Tokyo. The 14 th will be a small one. 07-18-98 Los Angeles going to be hit with a 8.9 quake originating in the San Gabriel Mountains as the plate on the other side of the Pacific moves. A series of 15 quakes in the California area will cause a mass exodus. 12-03-94 San Diego, San Bernardino, North Bakersfield, Barstow: all are fracture points. Hollister, Palo Alto, Imperial, Ukiah, Eureka, Point Mendocino, Monterrey, Offshore San Luis Obispo, Capistrano, Carmel: these are all stress points of fracture in sequence. "Time" is indefinite. Expect gradual destruction of the California economy as people begin mass exodus. Also, Shasta erupts; Lassen activity. Ocean floor begins to subside. The Los Angeles quake may be the one 2010 one referred to in the [350]Bible Code D. ICE AGES o [351]GIANT COMETS, EVOLUTION AND CIVILIZATION . S.V.M. Clube, F. Hoyle, W.M. Napier & N.C.Wickramasinghe: ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE, 1996, Vol.245, No.1, pp.43-60 Giant comets thrown into short-period, Earth-crossing orbits are a major source of mass flux into the inner planetary system. Their disintegration products may give rise to climatic cycles, ice epochs, periodic mass extinctions and other global disturbances. Comets greater than or similar to 100 kilometres in diameter, in chaotic orbits beyond Jupiter, probably constitute a more substantial current hazard than stray asteroids. o [352]ON THE CAUSE OF ICE-AGES - 7 December 1999 o [353](10) WHAT TERMINATED THE LAST ICE AGE? 2 Feburary 2000 These latest findings add to recent studies that showed the Pleistocene-Holocene transition to have transpired within a brief span of 50 years or so, thus casting more doubt on the traditional Milankovitch-theory of gradual climate chance. o [354]MANKIND 'ESCAPED EXTINCTION BY PURE LUCK' o [355]ON THE CAUSE OF ICE-AGES By Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe o [356]NEW CLIMATE STUDY CHALLENGES THINKING ON LARGE-SCALE, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE A study of past climate changes in the South American tropics has challenged traditional understanding of the mechanisms that triggered the advance and retreat of glaciers during the last ice age. The National Science Foundation (NSF) funded study was published in this week's issue of Science. A research team found that glaciers in the tropical Andes Mountains retreated several thousand years earlier than North American glaciers during a period of wet climate conditions, and during a time when the sun's warming radiation (solar insolation) was at a minimum. The finding contradicts traditional thinking that climate conditions in the northern latitudes generate the advance and retreat of global glaciation, and that glaciers retreated during dry climate conditions and when solar insolation was at its maximum, said lead researcher Geoffrey Seltzer of Syracuse University. "If the tropics warmed earlier than the northern latitudes, as our study demonstrates, that means there is something else influencing climate change that we don't yet understand." o [357](1) HOW DID LIFE SURVIVE SNOWBALL EARTH? - 24 May 2000 The precursor of modern animals may have been able to survive a Snowball Earth era that occurred some 600 million years ago because of a belt of open water along the equator, suggests scientists from the University of Toronto and Texas A&M University. This was a time considered critical in the evolutionary development of multi-celled animals and therefore the most important interval for biological evolution in general. o [358](10) LIFE FLOURISHED WHEN EARTH WAS WARMER o [359](6) GLOBAL WARMING IS 'GOOD FOR YOU' - 13 May 1998 Dr Moore bases his assertion on two arguments. Firstly, he points out that the two periods in human history that were warmer than today were not characterised by economic and social stagnation. On the contrary, mankind flourished. Secondly, he contends that higher carbon-dioxide emissions, coupled with warmer autumns and winters, would boost agricultural production, reduce burdensome heating costs, improve transportation and cut fatalities. E. EARTH IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS o [360](11) COSMIC CATASTOPHES & EVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS Therefore, I would add to your thesis some relevant ideas about human evolution and expand your concept of sudden cosmic catastrophism to evolution in general. There seems no reason to not believe that there were at least 20 globally devastating cosmic catastrophes during the last 5 million years. The impacts surely caused significant climate downturns, reduction in the ozone layer, severe acid rain, and the global distribution of toxins. However, these catastrophes should not always be looked on as evolutionarily detrimental. In fact, providing the devastations didn't wipe out all life or severely restrict it, the catastrophes probably propelled our ancestors to adapt genetically and socially to the changing environment. Episodes of cometary or asteroidal impacts punctuate natural as well as human and societal evolution and should thus be looked upon as natural agencies determining evolutionary regressions, extinctions, macro-mutations, and also in some instances evolutionary progress. o [361](2) WHAT IS A CIVILISATION-ENDING IMPACT? - 3 Feburary 1998 Most considerations on this have been done by physical scientists using physical considerations. I believe that the normally-quoted value is an object 1-2 km in size, which would cause a 'global catastrophe,' the limiting effect being the production of oxides of nitrogen in the blast and hence poisoning of the atmosphere (i.e., there are other deleterious effects, but this seems to be the major one, the one which sets the limit on the impactor size). In my view, though, the present western civilization with its intricate economic links would be unlikely to survive unscathed the aftermath of a 100-200 metre object arriving either: (a) Over Central/Western Europe; (b) Over either the NE or the West Coast of the USA; or (c) Over the Atlantic or Pacific but close enough to populous coasts to cause megadeaths. _Nostradamus's 7 strad meteorite is 474 meters in diameter or more._ o [362](7) MITIGATION, MANAGEMENT & SURVIVABILITY OF ASTEROID/COMET IMPACTS Duncan Steel, an expert in comets and meteorites, who heads the space technology group at Salford University, said the threat from space was real. He added: "Life has existed on Earth for 3.8 billion years, but the course of evolution has been altered time and again by asteroid impacts. At last a species has evolved which has the ability to save itself and ensure its future. That species is us." o [363]ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE FROM ASTEROID AND COMET IMPACTS Michael Paine (mpaine at tpgi.com.au) Updated 23 May 2001. o [364]Tsunami from Asteroid/Comet Impacts - 6 November 1998 o [365](1) STING IN THE TAIL: WITHOUT EVEN HITTING EARTH, A COMET COULD BE AS LEATHAL AS AN ASTEROID o [366]ANCIENT MYSTERIES AND HUMAN ORIGINS The Fallacy of Linear Evolution o [367]WHAT CAUSED THE GREAT FLOOD? Comet Impact in the Ocean Seven-tenths of a second after the impact of a 10-km diameter comet into the ocean, its explosive power would be the equivalent to 300 gigatons of TNT (far exceeding the explosive power of all the nuclear weapons in existence during the Cold War). The comet itself would be almost instantaneously vaporized, along with 300 - 500 cubic kilometers of water. As a result of the explosion, high pressure steam would rise into the atmosphere and would return to earth with unimaginable weather conditions. A rain storm would be a poor description of the results. The use of the term "flood gates of the heavens" as given in Genesis becomes a very good description. Global earthquakes with ground waves 10 m high would result. The earth's core would be disrupted, possibly producing magnetic reversals. Plate movement would be accelerated, opening cracks 10-100-km wide in the earth's crust, and causing rapid mountain-building and worldwide volcanism. o [368]MAMMOTH EXTINCTION MYSTERY DRAWS 3 THEORIES Did hunters wipe out the American megafauna? Did climate change do it? Or was it a plague? o [369]BLAME NORTH AMERICA MEGAFAUNA EXTINCTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, NOT HUMAN ANCESTORS In North America, this icy mantle prevented Arctic weather systems from extending into the mid-continent. Seasonal weather swings were less dramatic and didn't reach as far south as they presently do. But with this change, the climate became more similar to today's, marked by cold winters and warm summers. "We do know that human colonists caused extinctions in isolated, tightly bound island settings, but islands are fundamentally different from continents," he added. "The overkill hypothesis attempts to compare the incomparable and there is no evidence of human-caused environmental change in North America. But there is evidence of climate change. Overkill is bad science because it is immune to the empirical record." F. INFECTIOUS DISEASES FROM COMET IMPACTS o [370](3) IMPACT HAZARDS FROM COMETS - INFLUENZA? 21 January 2000 http://www.guardian.co.uk/flu/article/0,2763,191813,00.h tml"> FLU COMES FROM OUTER SPACE, CLAIM SCIENTISTS But the flu may have worse in store, according to scientists who claim to have discovered an alarming explanation for the epidemic - a virus from outer space. Dismissing as dogma the conventional medical wisdom that flu is a virus passed by human contact, the distinguished astrophysicist Sir Fred Hoyle, and his colleague at Cardiff university, Chandra Wickramasinghe, warn that we may be on the brink of a global epidemic. See [371]Fig8A. Medieval Painting of the Impending Strike and notice the sick children. 6. EARTH DEFENSE + [372]FIRST STRIKE OR ASTEROID IMPACT? The Urgent Need to Know the Difference Military strategists and space scientists that wonder and worry about a run-in between Earth and a comet or asteroid have additional worries in these trying times. + [373]ECLIPSED 26 Feburary 1999 Arizona Asteroid Hunters Were Poised To Save The Earth From Armageddon. Then A Secret Air Force Project Took Over._Big Surprise!_ With no fanfare, a secretive operation developed by the Air Force began dominating the field of asteroid and comet detection. Now, with equipment developed at costs they won't discuss, a small group of Air Force technicians using a single, modest-size telescope in New Mexico has almost completely taken over the responsibility of mapping the Earth's neighborhood in space. It will be Air Force technicians, not Arizona astronomers, who will most likely tell Earthlings _when they can expect Armageddon_. _Maybe not if this web site is correct._ + [374]THE NEED FOR EXPERIMENTS ON COMETS AND ASTEROIDS By Dr. Edward Teller Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory + [375]PROTECTION OF THE EARTH AGAINST ASTEROIDS AND COMETS ON THE BASE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY + [376]COMET PROBE IS RARING TO GO + [377](3) PLANETARY DEFENSE FROM THE NEAREST 4 LAGRANGIAN POINTS - 14 February 2002 _Too little, too late!_ + [378](2) ASTRONOMER SAYS SPACE ROCKETS MAY BE EARTH'S BEST DEFENSE - 14 February 2002 _Too little, too late!_ + [379](5) LET'S WHUP THAT GIANT SPACE ROCK OF DEATH Baltimore Sun - 10 February 2002 Here's the scary part: The Times did not print one word about the asteroid. Instead, as this thing whizzed past, The Times printed the following exciting astronomy news: o JAN. 8 - Astronomers have discovered that certain gamma rays, which they used to think came from billions of light-years away, in fact came from only a few hundred million light-years away! o JAN. 9 - Having studied the far edges of the universe with the Hubbell telescope, astronomers now believe that roughly 14 billion years ago, stars formed more quickly than was previously thought! o JAN. 10 - Astronomers "peering deep into the heart of the Milky Way" have discovered more than 1,000 sources of "powerful X-rays," far more than were previously known! + [380](2) COLLISION COURSE - 22 May 2000 Lurking beyond the outer planets are huge slabs of ice that could spell our destruction. They are the stealth bombers of the Solar System. Almost invisible in their pitch-black coats, they can come at us from any direction, giving almost no warning. Mostly they pass us by, but one day, one of these marauders will be right on target. And when it does it will devastate the Earth. + [381]VERY BIG BOMBS AND ROCKETS: ARMAGEDDON FOR REAL - 10 July 2000 [382]IBID? Over thirty years ago, a group of engineers-in-training at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology designed a far more realistic defense against a doomsday rock. Their plan would have involved a half dozen Saturn V rockets carrying some really big bombs. _Wasn't that about the time the third secret of Fatima was suppose to be released?_ + [383]CONTINUE But the Project Icarus model is probably worth dusting off and trying again either as an exercise for aerospace engineering students or for a government science and engineering advisory board. Although it would not be a valid contingency plan, at least it would help to identify our options in the event that something like this happened. If humanity suddenly realized that an asteroid was heading our way and we had only two years to respond, could we do something? Or would we simply be condemned to sit back and stare at the clock, waiting for the brief flash in the upper atmosphere signifying impending doom? _It may not have taken into account the debris field surrounding the comets._ + [384]THE CONGRESSIONAL LUNCHEON BRIEFING ON THE IMPACT HAZARD AND NASA'S PLANS - June 1998 Throughout his lecture Dr. Pilcher had given estimates for NEOs and the NEO threat by type, with 70% coming from asteroids, 20% from Short Period Comets, and 10% from Long Period Comets. Yeomans claimed that the vast majority of objects which could intercept the Earth were asteroids, which we would almost certainly detect a few decades before predicted impact. The same was true for short period comets, which have orbital periods of 5 to 6 years. The _only wild card was long period comets, which would not be detected until they began gassing inside the orbit of Jupiter._ These comprised 10% of the threat, and were the only objects for which we would not have several years warning. (Once again: NASA limits itself to 1 kilometer diameter objects and excludes anything 100 meters or so across.) _Smoke and mirrors._ + [385](1) BRITAIN PLANS ARMAGEDDON CENTRE (sic!) AS COMET SHIELD - 28 November 1999 A mature soul country is usually smarter, but less productive. + [386](1) CITY'S BID TO SAVE PLANET - JMU Could Build £15m Telescope To Spot Comets - 19 September 2000 LIVERPOOL is aiming to spearhead the international drive to create an early warning system for asteroids threatening the Earth. A task force of experts is calling on the Government to build a new super telescope to watch the skies for asteroids and comets. + [387](5) RUSSIAN RESEARCH ON NEOS & PLANETARY DEFENSE BOOMING - 15 November 2000 Our Russian colleagues are doing an excellent job of starting to seriously look at what we could do, if the whistle blew tomorrow. Without preparations, it would take us about 2 years (minimum) to put-togeather and launch a system. The trip, to interception, could take another year. We might not have three years. _It gets cold in Russia after a comet strike!_ + [388]CHINA BUILDS NEW OBSERVATORY TO DETECT NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS - August 15, 2000 The observatory will house a telescope with a mirror diameter of 1.2 metres to observe near-Earth asteroids and comets._There's not much food to go around after a comet strike._ + [389]ASTEROID AND COMET IMPACT HAZARD - David Morrison Click "NEA POPULATION AND IMPACT FREQUENCY" - November 9, 2001 _NO LONGER LISTED_ Can a study of asteroids in the main belt provide new information on how often the Earth is struck by a Near Earth Object (NEO)? Some believe so, but most are doubtful. Click "Read more" to finally find mention of "the comet threat". When asked about polar bears, the Dr Snobbs said that, according to their working definition, white animals cannot be dangerous. "To imagine otherwise would be as silly as thinking that a comet could strike the Earth," he said. "Clearly this makes no sense. We deal with white animals all the time ? cats and mice, mostly - and although a cat may scratch you occasionally, they are not life-threatening." When pressed further, he commented that in any case polar bears live only in parts of Canada, not the United States, and Canadians don't count. _Since a comet strike could bring an Ice Age to Canada, this analogy does appear ironic._ Click "IS THE EARTH TARGETED FOR AN IMPACT?" Not that we know of! None of the asteroids or comets discovered so far is on a collision course with Earth. However, we can't speak for those that are _not yet discovered_. In principle, one of those could hit any time, but statistically the chances are very small. _Don't worry, be happy?_ _But this "Vulcan, Comets and the Impending Catastrophe" web site offers warnings of two threatening comet swarms. It employs geochronological and archeological data to date possible past comet impact events. Additionally, it documents prophecies warnings from such notables as: _ o Christ as recorded in Matthew, Luke and John (Revelation) o Biblical prophets such as Zachriah, Daniel and Moses (Hebrew Pentateuch) o 15 th prophets such as Nostradamus and Mother Shipton o Assorted theological prophets o The late Fred Hoyle (royal astronomer of the UK) and Isaac Newton o Assorted astronomers and geologists o Even (if you can accept it) from various past and current space alien contacts Unlike humans, it is envisioned that the latter could have the technology to detect threatening long-period comet/meteor swarms and predict when they could again threaten Earth. The scenario envisioned is that comet swarm B will decimates mankind in the early 21 st century, killing (by starvation) a significant fraction of humanity and destroying much of our technology. Unless we can recover and destroy the next threatening swarm (swarm A), mankind will be annihilated circa [390]3797. However, evolutionary cycle of mankind's collective conscience-ness will not end then. It (we) will reincarnate as a new and different sentient species. Our culture and technical ability would be lost, as well as our biological life form. We would likely reincarnate in another (e. g. a squid like) life form, bound to (the seas of) a new and different planet and "begin again". + [391]ASTEROID IMPACT CENTRE SITE SELECTED - 1 January 2002 It will analyse the potential threat posed by NEOs and inform the public about asteroids and comets. + [392]THE COMET/ASTEROID IMPACT HAZARD: A SYSTEMS APPROACH Clark R. Chapman and Daniel D. Durda - 24 February 2001 The threat of impact on Earth of an asteroid or comet, while of very low probability, has the potential to create public panic and, should an impact happen, be sufficiently destructive (perhaps on a global scale) that an integrated approach to the science, technology, and public policy aspects of the impact hazard is warranted. Comparatively little attention has been devoted to finding or dealing with other potential impactors, including asteroids smaller than 1 km or long-period comets. _And essentially no analysis has been done of how to mitigate other repercussions from predictions of impacts (civil panic), how to plan for other kinds of mitigation besides deflection (e.g. evacuation of ground zero, storing up food in the case of a worldwide breakdown of agriculture, etc.)_ We believe it is appropriate, in the United States, that the National Research Council develop a technical assessment of the impact hazard that could serve as a basis for developing a broader consensus among the public, policy officials, and governmental agencies about how to proceed. The dinosaurs could not evaluate and mitigate the natural forces that exterminated them, but human beings have the intelligence to do so. + [393]CHROMDYNAMIX An Unofficial ISS web site. Hypothesis: The International Space Station Secret. The ISS is a huge kinetic device designed to deflect asteroids and comets that intersect the orbit of earth. NEO (near earth orbit) asteroids and cosmic debris will one day threaten to destroy civilization as we know it. It has happened in the past it will happen in the future. _Note: such a beam would not be as vulnerable to the potential impacts from meteors found in a comet related debris field and may have a greater chance of reaching and reacting with its target than a nuclear tipped missile._ + [394](3) COULD LASERS ZAP INCOMING ASTEROIDS? or [395]Reuters + [396]PLANETARY DEFENSE: ELIMINATING THE GIGGLE FACTOR Lt Col Martin E. B. France, USAF - 7 August 2000 + [397]EARTH DEFENSE A study defining ways to protect earth from a potential comet or meteor strike. + [398]SPACEGUARD UK OPENS OBSERVATORY Friday, 28 September, 2001, 21:58 GMT 22:58 UK "We want to raise public awareness of the threat of asteroid and comet impacts, and the ways in which we can predict and prevent them." + [399]SPACEPROBE SET FOR COMET ENCOUNTER + [400]NASA TO CRASH PROBE INTO COMET + [401]DEEP IMPACT NASA HOME PAGE Possible NASA project to penetrate comet with 1,100 pound (nuclear weapon sized) copper projectile on 4 July 2005. Like in the movie "Deep Impact", a direct route from launch in January 2004 to the comet is planned. _What convenient timing. Actions speak louder than words!_ + [402]IMPACT ON A COMET: ROSETTA LANDER SIMULATIONS During 2012 the Rosetta Lander spacecraft will be ejected from the Rosetta orbiter and touch the surface of comet 46P/Wirtanen. The objective of these simulations are the understandings of the dynamics of the spacecraft upon impact with the surface. The surface details are unfamiliar and must be described within a range of possible parameters. The collision must be damped upon impact and the spacecraft must be secured on the comet's surface. _What convenient timing. Actions speak louder than words!_ + [403]NASA MAY BE INCHING ITS WAY TO DISCLOSURE...02/10/00 As you can see, there are several reasons to believe something extremely exceptional is upon us. Could it be that NASA has known this for sometime, but did not quite know how to tell us? 7. ANCIENT ASTRONOMY + [404]THE ASTONISHING REDNESS OF KUIPER-BELT OBJECTSby N.C. Wickramasinghe and F. Hoyle School of Mathematics, Cardiff University. + [405]A NEW CLASS OF SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS, some red in color. Nov-Dec 1993. + [406]TROUBLED TIMES - SWEDISH A comet researcher David Solomon has calculated that a great comet comes back into our solar system every 4000 years (_vice 3353 years as found in the [407]METEOR/COMET BOMBARDMENT section of the 1999 Paper)_. This comet is known to our forefathers as a huge burning celestial body and when it entered into our solar system it caused cataclysms. The... Greeks called it TYPHON, Mayan people called it QUETZALCOATL, Sumerians Called it NIBIRU, people from Egypt called it APEP or SETH, and the old Chinese people called it THE RED DRAGON. + [408]NEBIRU/MARDUK REFERENCE. The red star, which when the stars of the night are finished, bisects the heavens and stands there whence the south wind comes, this star is the god Nibiru-Marduk" - The Babylonian Astrolabe. When the stars of Enlil have disappeared the great faint star, which bisects the heavens and stands, is Marduk-Nibiru SAG>ME>GAR; he (the god) changes his position and wanders over heavens." "12 Stars of Elam, Akkad and Amurru" + [409]COMET PHAETHON'S RIDE another association of Phaeton and comets. + [410]COMETS AND ASTEROIDS AND FUTURE COSMOLOGICAL CATASTROPHES ancient literature and impact results. + [411]ANALYSIS OF THE AKKADIAN SEAL It is asserted that the 4,500 year-old Akkadian seal offers a truthful depiction of our known solar system and that it indicates the presence of additional planets within it. + [412]CLIPEOLOGY Possibly by alien (angel) contact, an African tribe, the Dogons, had known about the Sirius star system 3000-4000 years ago. The anthropologists (Marcel Griaule, Germaine Dieterlen) published their article in "Journal De La Société Des Africainistes" in 1950. The Dogons knowledge included: o That the Sirius star system, most important _(brightest?)_ star in the sky, - "po tolo" is made of the heaviest metal. Sirius B (a white dwarf made of dense matter) was discovered in 1970. o That the Sirius star system had a third star - "Emme ya". Sirius C was discovered in 1995. o The Dogons knew that planets gravitate around the Sun , that Jupiter had four moons, that Saturn's had ring, and there are three types of stars (stars, planets, and satellites). + [413]PREHISTORIC MOON MAP UNEARTHED The passage tomb at Knowth is estimated to be about 5,000 years old. It was obviously built by men who had a sophisticated understanding of the motions of the Sun, Moon and stars. _See the following Extra-Terrestrial Alien Involvement - Noah's Vessel to see a discussion of extra-terrestrial involvement on Earth around this time. Note verse 67.2 in The Book Of Noah sub-section._ + [414]ANCIENT TOMB CAPTURED BOTH SUN AND MOON The tomb's "light-box" is only the third ever discovered and is by far the most complex. It reveals the astonishingly detailed astronomical knowledge of the ancient people. 8. EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL ALIEN INVOLVEMENT - BIBLICAL RECORDINGS _Space mobile alien beings apparently have knowledge of comet swarms impinging on our solar system and have predicted when and where they might impact Earth. Evidence is presented that indicates they assisted mankind during three past strikes and warned us of an impending strike circa [415]2006 - 2012. Also see the Crop Circle [416]T367 related warning. We humans have a pattern of resisting their aid. Data is presented indicating their involvement with Noah's Flood/Ark - the 3,000 BC strike, the Sodom & Gomorrah meteorite strikes and the Exodus - the 1,200 BC strike (as found in Moses' "Ark Of The Covenant" legends). Recently, the 3 rd Secret of Fatima may also be such a warning as it involves a UFO phenomenon and a predicted apocalyptic event._ 9. [417](20) AND FINALLY: 10 WAYS TO BEAT ARMAGEDDON :-) 5. Try to befriend an Extra Terrestrial. _Well, It worked For Noah, Moses and Lot._ A. [418]NOAH'S VESSEL, exhibits an [419]Extremely Sophisticated Design . o Found at[420] 39° 50 min. N. latitude, 43° 45 min. E. longitude near [421]Kazan, Turkey # Dated [422]an estimated 5,000 years ago. # A carbonized (case hardened) iron dagger in the Ataturk Museum dated to 2900 B.C.E. (about 4,900 years ago). # [423]The iron age supposedly didn't start until circa 1500 B.C.E. # 9 Near Eastern flood stories exist in the oldest Near East writings (cuneiform clay tablets). # Flood accounts occur in Hebrew, Egyptian, Greek, Armenian and Vedic Indian # There is also a significant flood story in Chinese. # [424]Noah experienced extreme cold the year after the flood _This was Probably due to blockage of sunlight due to comet impact debris._ # . . . was the flood event predictable? Gilgamesh says it happened [425]"when the fixed time arrived". _Predictable catastrophic comet impacts is the subject of this web site_ o [426]An image of the Ark from ground penetrating radar defines its [427]GEOMETRY. # Genesis' three dimensions of the Ark are 30 (618") x 50 (1030") x 300 (6180") cubits. Note: 20.6"/Egyption cubit (EC), 21"/Great Babylonian cubits (GBC). # Ark's deck area (Gilgamesh)is one "iku", 120 GBC2 = 6,350,400 inch2 = 1 English acre. # The [428]dimensions of the Ark are: at It is "boat-shaped" not box-like shape _permitting easy launch into a tsunami._ at Its length is 515 ft., or 300 cubits at [429]Its length in inches is 6180". From its maximum beam (width) point to its stern is 3819" and to its bow is 2361". at Its maximum width is 137+ ft., or 80 cubits. at Its average width is or 85.6 ft., or 49.85 cubits. at Its depth estimated at 51 feet or 30 cubits. # [430]The radar imagery even permits count the floorboards between the walls. # The Ark's bottom is buried 82 feet x 12" feet/20.6"/cubit = 48 cubits # It had three decks. # the bottom deck intact and contained 144 rooms. # A[431]10 foot wide door near the front # two large round "tank shapes" near the bow # [432]four protrusions extending from the stern were stabilizers holding drogue stones _used for launching the Ark into the tsunami resulting from the comet impact_. o NOAH'S ARK EXHIBITS ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL ENGINEERING # [433]NOAH'S ARK is a massive technological structure comparable to a WWII British aircraft carrier. _It is a fine example of extra-terrestrial marine technology and harder to sequester than a 40 ft. saucer._ The following compares it to the U.S.S. Kitty Hawk, a modern aircraft carrier (see the displayed painting). at A wooden ship compared to a steel ship. at 515 feet compared to 990 feet long. at [434]23,596 tons compared to 60,100 tons light displacement. at [435]48,219 tons compared to 80,800 tons maximum displacement. # [436]The U.S.S. Wyoming (at 350 feet) was the largest wooden vessel ever built by modern man and it was a structural failure. # The Ark's tear drop shape was designed to take a massive surge wave. # [437]Tear drop shaped Ark Illustration Note: the rectangular "Moon Pool". # The Ark had a [438]"Moon Pool", which served several purposes. at The moon pool's area was (the Ark's length x average beam) - actual deck area) or 7,112,113 - 6,350,400 = 761,713 square inches at The maximum beam point along the length of the Ark is located at the center of the length of the moon pool. at It softened the stresses of the ends of the vessel in turbulent water. at A place to drop the hawsers connected to the drogue (anchor) stones. at Water movement in the Moon Pool provided forced ventilation. at Garbage and waste disposal without breaking the hull's outer integrity. # The Ark was designed to withstand [439]200 mph winds, 100 mph currents and lightening strikes. _Therefore, it appears built to survive a tsunami from a comet strike._ # [440]Was this the vessel built by Noah, and if not, who did build it? _More importantly, who designed it?._ o [441]THE BOOK OF NOAH - ARK MADE BY EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL ALIENS? _Perhaps the Angels mentioned herein were extra-terrestrial aliens. Religious condemnation of their efforts to save mankind is suggested. Perhaps (out of fear and distrust) only eight people choose to board Noah's Ark while the rest waited until the catastrophe was upon them and it was too late. The Ark was large enough to carry many people to safty._ # 65.1 And in those days, Noah saw the earth had tilted, and that its destruction was near. _The position of the Earth relative to the path of the threatening comet._ # 65.6 . . . For they have learnt all the secrets of the Angels . . . and all their secret power, and all the power of those who practice magic arts, and the _power of enchantments,_ and the power of those who _cast molten images_ for all the earth. # 66.1 And after this, he showed me the Angels of Punishment, who were ready to come and release all the forces of the water, which is under the earth, in order to bring judgement, and destruction, on all those who reside and dwell upon the dry ground. _The "power of enchantments" may be the ability to show "movies or holograms"._ # 67.1 And in those days, the word of the Lord came to me, and he said to me: "Noah, behold; your lot has come up before me, a lot without reproach, a lot of love and uprightness. _Telepathic alien communication with Noah?_ # 67.2 And now _the Angels are making a wooden structure_, and when the Angels come out from that task, I will put my hand on it, and keep it safe. And a change shall take place, so that the dry ground may not remain empty. _Perhaps Noah's Ark was made by extra-terrestrial aliens (Angels)._ # 67.4 And they will shut up those Angels who showed iniquity, in that burning valley . . . in the west, near the _mountains of gold and silver and iron and soft metal (aluminum?) and tin._ # 67.5 And I saw that valley, in which there was a great disturbance, and a heaving of the waters. # 67.6 And when all this happened, from the fiery molten metal, and the disturbance, which disturbed the waters in that place, a smell of sulfur (_smelting?_) was produced, and it was associated with those waters. And that valley of the Angels, who led men astray, burns under the ground (_humans' distrust or fear of the Angels (aliens)?_). # 67.7 And through the valleys of that same area, flow out rivers of fire, where those Angels will be punished, who led astray those on the dry ground _perhaps the aliens come from under water_. # [442]CLIPEOLOGY Who were the angels? In the book of Enoch, passage of the book of Noah, there's an explicit reference to the Angels who "infringed the word of the Lord, the law of the sky". This tale, just before the Flood, is confirmed by the the Dead Sea's rolls. The story describes the fall of 200 Angels, called Vigilants, who came down on Mount Hermon. A Vigilant called Azazel taught men how to build weapons & armor and how to manipulate metals. Other Vigilants taught magical arts like clouds, meteorology, signs of Earth and astronomy. Such knowledge could be taught by extraterrestrial aliens (designated angels). o THE NOMMOS, THE ALIENS WHO BUILT THE ARK # [443]THE DOGON, THE NOMMOS AND SIRIUS B The Dogon are believed to be of Egyptian decent and their astronomical lore goes back thousands of years to 3200 BC. _This dates to the time just before Noah's Flood. It is asserted that the Nommos are the "Angels" that built the Ark of Noah._ According to the Dogon's oral traditions, a race people from the Sirius system called the Nommos visited Earth thousands of years ago. The Nommos were ugly, amphibious beings that resembled mermen and mermaids. They also appear in Babylonian, Accadian, and Sumerian myths. The Egyptian Goddess Isis, who is sometimes depicted as a mermaid, is also linked with the star Sirius. Space mobile amphibious beings would be expected to have excellent knowledge of sophisticated nautical engineering techniques such as are found in the construction of the Ark. They landed on Earth in an "ark" that made a spinning decent to the ground with great noise and wind. It was the Nommos that gave the Dogon the knowledge about Sirius B. _See [444]Figure 3 for a photograph illustrating the recent descent of such a UFO near Chung-Tu China._ The Nommos, according to the Dogon legend, lived on a planet that orbits another star in the Sirius system. It was the Nommos that gave the Dogon the knowledge about Sirius B. _The Sirius system is in the proper galactic region to support sentient life. See [445]GALACTIC LIFE - LOCAL LIMITATIONS._ Most scientists do not consider any part of the Sirius system a prime candidate for life, though. _Planets are not believed to exist in the liquid water zone around Sirius A or B._ One of the Dogon's beliefs is that Sirius B occupied the place where our Sun is now. Physics clearly prohibits this. Also, if the Dogon believe that Sirius B orbits Sirius A every 50 years, why do they hold their celebrations every 60 years? _Assuming that Sirius C orbits Sirius B, Sirius B would be analogous to our Sun and Sirius C would be analogous to Vulcan. A 60-year cycle is found in Chinese astrology._ # [446]THE DOGON TRIBE The Dogon people live in the Homburi Mountains near Timbuktu. At the center of their religious teachings is knowledge about a star (in the Sirius star system) that is invisible to the eye -- even through a telescope. No photographs were taken of it until 1970. A faint companion star to Sirius A was finally detected in 1862. Sirius B is a white dwarf that, although small and faint, is extremely dense and heavy enough to exert an influence on Sirius A. The Dogon also describe a third star in the Sirius system. In orbit around this star, they say, is a single satellite _their home planet?_. Some astronomers suspect the presence of this star (See: BENEST, Daniel and Duvent, J.L. "Is Sirius a Triple Star?" ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Volume 299, 1995; pp. 621-628). A red or brown dwarf star _that would be designated Sirius C_ is anticipated. The Dogon say their astronomical knowledge was given to them by the Nommos, amphibious beings sent to earth from Sirius for the benefit of mankind. The Nommos were more fishlike than human, and had to live in water. They were saviors and spiritual guardians. _The Grey soujourn to Procyon on the [447]Fig4. The Hill Star Map Interpreted could just as easily have been a journey to the Sirius star system. At the time of this analysis, the Sirius star system was rejected because it was felt thata no planets in the liquid water zone of the A or B star could exist. The possibility of a C star was not considered. _ The Nommo was crucified and resurrected and in the future will again visit the earth, this time in human form. Later he will assume his amphibious form and will rule the world from the waters. _The Nommos (or one of them) sounds rather like an infinite soul avatar of our Sage (Cetaceans - whales and dolphins - ) or Priest Combo co-sentient species. The latter is suspected as it could have brought its "disciples" with it for the visit._ # [448]DOGON NOMMOS There are references in the oral traditions, myths, drawings and tablets of the Dogons, to human-looking beings who have feet but who are portrayed as having a large fish skin running down their bodies. After the landing in a space ship, something with four legs appeared and dragged the vessel to a hollow, which filled with water until the vessel floated in it. The Dogon, call this spaceship 'Pelu Tolo' or 'Star of the Tenth Moon'. These aliens supposedly came from the Sirian star system. Their spaceship spiraled down from the sky. It landed somewhere to the northeast of the Dogon's present homeland. There was a great noise and wind. The ship landed on three legs, skidded to a stop, scoring the ground. Four legs appeared and dragged the vessel to a hollow, which filled with water until the vessel floated. _See [449]Figure 3. A Photograph Of A Saucer Flying A Spiral Flight Path. Observed At About 10:40 PM on 24 July 1981 At About 30 N, 105 E (Near Chung-Tu China)._ At the same time a new star was seen in the sky, which possibly was a large space ship. The star was described by the Dogon as having a circle of reddish rays around it. This circle of rays was like a spreading spot yet it still remaining the same size. There is a Dogon drawing of the spaceship hovering in the sky, waiting for the Nommo who landed on the Earth. It represents three stages of 'Pelu Tolo' when it is spurting different amounts of blood or flames [as if it crash landed]. # [450]SCOTS WARNED NOAH OF FLOOD, SAY SCIENTISTS Uriel's Machine claims that the people who built the standing stones in sites such as Maes Howe in Orkney had extensive knowledge of mathematics and astrophysics. The authors' theory is that ancient Scots plotted movements of the stars and planets to predict the approach of a comet which would cause the floods. Mr Lomas claimed that the biblical flood occurred about _3150 BC,_ during the time of the builders of the standing stones, known as megaliths. He explained the evidence came from an ancient Hebrew text, The Book of Enoch, which was among the Dead Sea Scrolls. o [451]THE ARK ARTIFACT AND PHI a fascinating engineering related number. # "Phi", [452]Fibonacci's (Golden) Ratio. A line divided into parts a & b such that: at If a is the larger part "Phi" = a/b when a/b = (a + b)/a at Phi, like "pi" (about 3.1416), is an irrational number. at Phi = 1/2 x (1 + 51/2) = about 1.6180. at Phi = a/b = 1 + b/a at The inverse of phi is b/a = a/b - 1 = about 0.618. # To nautical engineers, "phi" describes the curve of incoming breakers _or a tsunami_. # The "pi(about 3.1416)" proportion is found once in the Ark's design. # The [453]"phi (about 1.6180)" proportions are found at least 7 times. 1. 10,000"/phi equal the Ark's length (6180") as if it were designed to take a 10,000" = 833' wave. 2. The Ark's maximum beam is its (desired) deck area (without the moon pool) X phi divided by its length. The average width + the depth equal the maximum beam. The maximum beam = 1662.5" = about 80 cubits. 3. The depth equals the maximum beam divided by phi2. The depth also equals the beam minus the average width of the deck area. 4. Its (maximum beam x length)/deck area = 10,275,163/6,350,400 = phi 5. The Ark's length/phi2 = the moon pool's length (L), or 6180"/phi2 = 2360" The moon pool's width was its area/its length or 7,112,113 inch2/2360" = 323'. 6. Ark's length/Max. Beam Pt. to the stern = 6180"/3819" = phi 7. Ark's length/Max. Beam Pt. to the bow = 6180"/2361" = phi2 # Another name for Noah's Ark were could be "The Vessel of Phi". # From an Engineering perspective, the Ark was built to minimize resonance and amplitude of vibration. Making the ratios of the Ark's principal dimensions conform to the least energetic configuration offers the best guarantee of success. # The hydrology of formation by water flow shows that the round end always faces into the flow and the flow leaves at the sharp end. _This suggests that the drogue stones anchored the bow of the Ark as the tsunami enveloped it._ o [454]LAB REPORT SHOWS FOSSILIZED METAL ITEMS FORMED FROM MODERN METALS! _containing [455]Titanium, Aluminum, Manganese and related slag. The Book Of Noah suggests that metal items were made under extra-terrestrial alien guidance (if not by the aliens themselves)._ # The Titanium metal production process has only been known since 1936. # [456]Aluminum metal was first obtained in pure form in 1825 and by the modern electrolysis process in 1886. # [457]Testing for high-tech metals - man-made _( ET alien made?)_ metal fittings showed unique metals. # High-tech metal alloys used in forming the rivets used on the ark include titanium, magnesium, aluminum and others which are not found in nature. "Aluminum never occurs in the metallic form in nature" - Britannica. The combination of these three metals is evidence of a man-made high tech alloy. _5,000 years ago there is no evidence that humans could produce aluminum and titanium. However, a space-mobile alien species could._ at [458]The Ark rivet results show 8.35 % iron, 8.35% aluminum, and 1.59% titanium. at The specimen is fossilized and silica replaces much of original metal. at Analysis of another rivet produced similar results. at [459]A second specimen also has aluminum metal in it! It contains 8.08 percent aluminum, 8.24 % iron, 1.34 % titanium, and 3.82 % magnesium. # [460]Noah's Ark Conclusions - The Ballast - Pre flood "Slag". . . . one contained an incredible amount of manganese dioxide (over 80%) and another titanium (74%). Manganese is an extremely soluble element that weathers out of ferromagnesian silicate minerals and can be transported readily in rain water, to form nodules. However, Titanium oxide is extremely insoluble and would not be transported in solutions. Pure titanium oxide is used as a filler for white paint and known for its durability. But more importantly, these specimens display the attributes of slag (waste products of metal alloy production). # [461]The ballast found in the bottom of the ark contains metal manganese residue (80 % manganese, 1 % titanium, 5 % aluminum). [462]Natural manganese nodules maximum purity of is 25% - 35%! Manganese of greater purity can be obtained only by electrolysis. o _COMMENT: With the possibility that Noah's Ark represents an ancient artifact engineered and produced by extra-terrestrial aliens, denigration of its related web sites can be anticipated, even though their authors have not postulated an alien involvement._ o [463]BOGUS "NOAH'S ARK FROM TURKEY EXPOSED AS A COMMON GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE o Noah's ark probably had a "moon hole," and 12 anchors to hold it down . . . [464]just ask Ron Wyatt who has iron rivets from it. (I don't recall God telling Noah to use rivets, but they must have been better than the ones on the Titanic). _Considering that space-mobile aliens may have built the Ark, better rivets (and engineering) could be anticipated._ o With the exhibition of such [465]advanced technology, the opposition of much of the world's (scientific and) religious community is understandable. o A critical review. [466]Could this be Noah's Ark? _It sure looks like a vessel designed to ride out a large tsunami._ o Answers to [467]FREQUENTLY ASK QUESTIONS. o Answers to [468]UNDERSTANDING THE REMAINS OF NOAH'S ARK o [469]A DEBATE B. SODOM AND GOMORRAH - METEORITE STRIKES o Christ clearly correlated the end of the age with Noah's flood in Genesis: "As it was in the days of Noah, so it will be for the coming of the Son of Man (children of men). For in the days before the flood, people were eating & drinking and giving in marriage, up to the days Noah entered the Ark, and they knew nothing about what would happen until the flood came and took them all away." - Matthew 24: 37 - 39 Ibid Matthew 24: 38 - 39; and: "It was the same in the days of Lot (about 400 years post flood). People were eating & drinking, buying & selling, planting & building. But the day Lot left Sodom, fire and sulfur rained down from heaven and destroyed them all." - Luke 17: 26 - 29 o "Then the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah - from the Lord out of the heavens." - (Gen. 19:24) o "There are still the remainders of that divine fire; and the traces of the five cities are still to be seen..." Josephus -Wars of the Jews, book IV, chapter VIII. o [470]THE ASHEN REMAINS OF SODOM & GOMORRAH HAVE BEEN FOUND - (contains map) They are _not_ located under the Dead Sea, _they are right out in the open!_ 95.7% pure sulfur nodules have been recovered. o [471]ANCHOR STONE INTERNATIONAL SODOM & GOMORRAH UPDATE #2 - 02/28/2001 The presence of sulfur in the ash is unmistakable. It occurs as small granules as well as large chunks, sometimes round, as large as an egg (often encased). These 'sulfur balls' are pale yellow, unlike normal sulfur that is clear yellow. Also, these balls are light and are easily crushed into powder when pressed. This type of Sulfur balls is very rare. Sulfur deposits often found near volcanic vents are usually in a deposited form. The ash found in the Sodom & Gomorrah sites is peculiar also. _These sulfur balls are directly from the heavens, just as the Bible records. They are sulfur rich meteorites, possibly of the same type as those found in the 536 AD strike. There is no indication that they were rich in Iridium as are some meteorites._ But what of those who came to warn Lot: Genesis 19 (NIV Bible): Genesis 19:01 The two _angels_ arrived at Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. When he saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground. Genesis 19:11 Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with blindness _(maybe flash blindness?)_ so they could not find the door. _Again, these angels could be credited with advanced technology as well as an apparent knowledge of celestial mechanics as they hustled Lot and his family out of Sodom before the meteorites fell. The characteristics described seem to be those of extraterrestrial aliens trying to warn people in the Dead Sea basin of an impending celestial catastrophe._ o [472]SODOM AND GOMORRAH Excavations on the Lisan peninsula (which nearly cuts the southern part of the Dead Sea off from the rest of it) indicate that this region is very different from the rest of the Dead Sea. It seems that there was a great catastrophe around 2200 BC that has destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. The surface of the Dead Sea dropped suddenly by 100m around 2200 BC (Frumkin et al., The Holocene 1.3, 1991). If we take the story in Genesis for what it seems to indicate, the whole southern part of the Dead Sea may be an impact crater that was caused by a cosmic disaster at this time. C. THE EXODUS o [473]THE COMET OF THE EXODUS. Part 2. o [474]THE DATE OF THE EXODUS. Two schools exist regarding the date of the Exodus, the early and late date theories. Three main arguments support the late date: 1. The identification of Pithom and Raamses cities in Exodus 1.1 2. Archaeological evidence pointing to the destruction of Jericho around 1230 BC (about 40 years after the Exodus). 3. evidence from the Middle Bronze and Late Bronze age Transjordan (AKA Nelson Glueck's "Gap Theory"). Rameses II allegedly forced the Hebrews to construct the cities of Pithom and Raamses. He reigned from roughly 1279 to 1212 BC. _A comet strike around 1159 BC could have forced the Hebrews to leave Egypt due to a lack of food. The dates are a little off, but there could have been more than one comet strike._ o [475]THE "ARK OF THE COVENANT" story can be interpreted as such an extra-terrestrial alien contact. Consider the following properties of the Ark. Page references are to Graham Hancock's book "The Sign And The Seal". 1. A troop (of angles _i.e. aliens_) left it (the Gral or Tablets of the Ark) on earth and then rose high above the stars, as if their innocence drew them back again - pg. 67. 2. The Tablets of Stone within the Ark were really two pieces of a meteorite - pps. 67 & 350 - 352. at Made of a Sapphire-like stone. at Less than six hands (54") wide and long. at They were very heavy. at Although they were hard, they were also flexible. at They were transparent. 3. The Ark possessed a kind of sentience. It employed the power of "choice" as in the time it chose the path the Israelites were to take through the desert and where they were to camp - pps. 70 - 72. 4. Two sparks (or fiery jets) could issue from the Ark and destroy (kill) people (two of Aaron's four sons and Israel's enemies among others) - pps. 274 - 275. 5. The Ark of itself, leaped into the air, sometimes carrying its bearers with it. When Moses took the Tablets from the mountain, they bore their own weight, but when the celestial writing disappeared, they became enormously heavy - pps. 66, 67 & 276. 6. Often when the Ark was about to do something, a "cloud" appeared between the cherubim. Then, even Moses dare not approach it. Moses' sister Miriam developed a serious skin condition (thought to be leprosy) after being exposed to this cloud, but the malady disappeared - pps. 275 & 342. 7. The Ark parted the Jordan river and destroyed the fortifications about Jericho - pps. 277 - 278. 8. The Ark is estimated to be 45" long, 27" wide & deep and made of gold covered acacia wood - pps. 127 - 128. 9. Moses broke the first pair of tablets on his return from the mountain (were they fragile?), but acquired a second set from "God" upon return to the mountain. Moses remained on the mountain for about 40 days (while the second set of "tablets were being prepared. After he descended the mountain on his return, his face glowed (or was burned) to such an extent that he wore a veil thereafter. o [476]THE ALIENS OF THE ARK (of the Covenant) Indicates that Moses was contacted by extra-terrestrial aliens. And that they were the source of the [477]BIBLE CODE'S 2006 and 2012 strike dates. D. FATIMA RELATED EVIDENCE OF EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL INVOLVEMENT The following offers evidence that extra-terrestrial space-mobile aliens are providing evidence of an impending comet strike. These beings would have both the technology and the opportunity to directly observe the comet swarm proposed in this web site, and they could accurately estimate both their time of arrival and threat to Earth's biosphere. The connection between UFO aliens and the Impending Global Catastrophe may be the reason for alleged UFO secrecy by governments of the world. o [478]VATICAN ADMITS ET CONTACT... OR NOT Balducci provided the Catholic Church's analysis of extraterrestrials, emphasizing that extraterrestrial encounters "are NOT demonic, they are NOT due to psychological impairment, they are NOT a case of entity attachment, but these encounters deserve to be studied carefully. o [479]VATICAN UFO STORY CHALLENGED... AND BOYLAN RESPONDS The story has been widely circulating in the last two weeks, telling of "Vatican theologist" Corrado Balducci having been on Italian national TV as many as five times in the last few months in order to openly claim and admit that ET's exist, have souls and - most extraordinary of all - the Vatican knows it, studies them and collect data via a secret commission. IF THEY EXIST and IF WE EVER MAKE CONTACT with them, they MIGHT well be beings superior to us as of spirituality. IF THAT IS TRUE, a contact might even be desirable for us. Monsignor Balducci declared on Italian television that the Church's teaching is that extraterrestrials are certain, have souls, are not demons, and are likely to be more advanced spiritually. In so proclaiming, Monsignor Balducci quoted the core theologian authority of the Church, Saint Thomas Acquinas. Naturally, the UFO Cover-Up is very disturbed that even a territorially-limited and "trial balloon" declaration by as significant an authority as the Catholic Church could get out. But it has. - Richard Boylan, Ph.D. _Our Priest and Scholar _sentient COMBO co-species appear to have banded together to warn and aid us during times of impending cosmic catastrophes involving meteor or comet strikes. They do indeed appear to be superior to us both technically and spirituality. We, the warrior COMBO co-species seem to behave cowardly, not officially recognizing them. However, Warrior species are more "at home" acting without thinking. On the other hand, we often harpoon our Sage sentient co-species, the Cetaceans. o [480]THE FATIMA APPARITIONS, MASS UFO SIGHTING? offers many examples that the Fatima experience was UFO related and "telepathic" communications were employed. Many Ufologists recognize the Fatima aberrations as UFO related events because: The clouds were big and colorful. And there was something inside them that shone very much, just like silver. On 11/10/1917 the report was given that: At one o'clock, when the cloud faded, we all became amazed to see this beautiful silver globe, doing this little twist, and then zigzagging through the clouds, and: Angel Hair falling from the sky also occurred at Fatima, 1917. People called it the white flowers of the Lady. There are many other similarities. o [481]ET LINKS TO CHRISTIANITY # On September 13, 1917, witnesses near Fatima reported seeing a ball of light. During this apparition, something like angel hair fell out of a clear sky. This substance dissolved as it landed. There were 30,000 present during this apparition. # It is interesting that the Vatican maintains one of the "largest private telescopes" in the world, and apparently is highly interested in UFO's. Supposedly, the Vatican has a UFO research division at the Vatican University's Alfonsian Academy. # On thing is for sure, Michael Grosso was right about this: _"if some UFOs come from outer space, and if there is evidence of their impacting on us via our religious symbols and personalities, then our whole view of the spiritual history of mankind is up for revision."_ o See [482]THE STRIKE DATES section of the 1999 Paper. It documents an alien warning of a comet or meteor strike around 2007 or a few years later as an interpretation of crop circle "T367". The Angel Hair and cloud of smoke _(from their cylindrical ships that resembled a Pillar of Fire)_ suggest that the Aliens of Fatima and the Aliens who dictated the "Bible Code" to Moses are of the same origin.[483] OUR COMBO'S PRIEST SPECIES indicates that aliens were responsible for "Bible Code" related comet strike warnings in the 2006 to 2012 time frame. This section also explains how the aliens can foretell many current events without having access to time travel. o PRESSURE ON THE VATICAN TO WITHHOLD FATIMA'S 3 RD SECRET The Vatican (as during WWII) had to conform to the foreign policies of its powerful neighbor states or be dealt with like Granada (invaded) when the latter offered speeches in the United nations advocating research into the UFO phenomena. Releasing the (suspicious or incomplete) third secret just after Father Martin's death may have been the only way the Vatican could signal its real meaning without violating political constraints. Even so, recriminations were quickly (twenty days) apparent (e. g. the anti-Vatican segment against Pius XII on CBS's 60 Minutes aired 07/16/2000?). See Pius XII's past comments In the following Section 10. o [484](4) THE STAR OF BETHLEHEM: A COMETARY MISSILE? - 5 June 1999 ..." This might well have been another example of a Tunguska type event - a fragment of a comet approaching the Earth, entering the atmosphere and eventually exploding in the skies over the Middle East some distance away from Bethlehem. A cometary missile impact, of the kind that has punctuated history since the end of the last Ice Age, would then have heralded the birth of Jesus Christ. On such a picture one would also expect a multitude of smaller meteoroids to follow the larger cometary missile. It is then easy to understand how the resulting spectacle of a great meteor shower came to be immortalised as a "host of Angels"._ Even more surprising, in light of the biblical use of the word "Angels" possibly meaning extraterrestrial aliens, could the biblical "host of Angels" been a collection of airborne UFO entities._ o GRANADA'S UFO UN RELATED ACTIONS INCLUDE: # _See Agenda Item 126: Establishment Of An Agency Or A Department Of The United Nations For Undertaking, Coordinating And Disseminating The Results Of Research Into Unidentified Flying Objects And Related Phenomena United Nations General Assembly (thirty third session), Special Political Committee (35 th meeting, 11/27/1978). _ See ._Grenada Proposes Appointment Of Expert Group To Set Guidelines For UN Study On Nature And Origin Of UFOs._ United Nations Press Release GA/AH/1478, 11/27/1978. # See _Special Political Committee Approves Recommendation On Extra-Terrestrial Matters._ United Nations Press Release GA/AH/1490, 12/08/1978. 10. CROP CIRCLES AND ALIEN TECHNOLOGY + CROP CIRCLES USED TO DATE (CIRCA 2007)THE IMPENDING CATASTROPHE + [485]THE HISTORY OF CROP CIRCLES - 1991. Now explain this. See the 4th paragraph: This was also the summer when serious contamination of formations began to take place. Some of the hoaxing was done by pranksters and sociopaths looking for attention, some by mischief makers. But, more sinisterly, it was also carried out by known government infiltrators who purposely added man-made features to genuine formations in a attempt to throw the researchers into total confusion. At the height of the hoaxing, an American tourist etched out huge letters on the side of a hill, 'Talk to us'. A reply came back a few days later when a most bizarre-looking formation resembling Hebrew script appeared at Milk Hill. Thought to be a hoax at first but since confirmed to be genuine, it was translated from Free-masonic script by Dr. Gerald Hawkins as APPONO ASTOS "We are opposed to cunning and deceit." How appropriate given the circumstances. To this day this formation represents the closest the Circle-makers have come to communicating in script form. + [486]CAN WE BELIEVE IT? YOU BET YOUR LIFE! found in the 1999 Paper further defines attempts by a well financed group to cover up crop circle related alien communications. + [487]'TALK TO US' In August of 1991 a crop circle researcher wrote 'TALK TO US' in the grain. In the middle of August in Alton Barnes in Wiltshire a peculiar inscription with unknown letters and language became visible in the flattened grain. The English archaeologist, founder and president of the CCCS (Center for Crop Circle Studies), Michael Green identified the letters as a form of Hebrew. + [488]PROF. HAWKINGS' T367 ANALYSIS contains slightly different measurements, but still nearly the same impact date (within two days), 2033 AD vice this site's 2007 AD as deduced in the [489]THE 2007, 2033 OR 2039 STRIKE DATES section of the 1999 Paper. + [490]CROP-CIRCLE LITMUS TEST? Affected plants also have characteristics suggesting the involvement of transient high temperatures + [491]CROP CIRCLE ROUNDUP A summary of Britain's 1990 crop circles. + [492]CROP CIRCLE CORNER One English contact states firmly that a review of old aerial photographs found no complex patterns at all (Like those that were found circa 1990). See [493]CAN WE BELIEVE IT? section of the 1999 Paper + [494]CROP CIRCLES: DAISY PATTERNS AND A RED BALL OF LIGHT [495]CROP CIRCLES NOT HOAXES: A CORRECTION 11. [496]FIVE REASONS WHY UFOs ARE NOT EXTRATERRESTRIAL MACHINES J. Vallee, a computer scientist and prolific writer on the subject, demurs, and he gives five reasons why (they are not). _However, [497]MANKIND'S COMBO ENSOULED INTELLIGENT LIFE FORM - EILFS and the associated section [498]THE ASTRO-METRICS VERSION OF THE HILL MAP offers the location of some of their home star systems and technology patents #5,635,905, #5,791,599 and #5,797,563 (see details in the [499]THE STRIKE DATES section of the 1999 Paper) explains some of their technology._ 12. [500]OFFICIAL FOO-FIGHTER RECORDS REVEALED 13. [501]B-24 SIGHTS "CIRCLES OF LIGHT" The still-unexplained balls of light ("foo fighters") seen by Allied pilots over wartime Germany were duplicated in the Pacific. The B-24 first observed two red circles of light approaching the plane from below while still over the Truk atoll. At daybreak, the light changed to a steady white glow _UFO's at low altitudes over the oceans often glow red and yellow from ionized trace minerals in the air. During the day, it appears as a white glow, similar to that found when solar furnace beams are focused on the air. The UFO's ionize air directly in front of them and separate the ions with a magnetic field (thus artificially thinning the air). This patented technology is briefly explained in the [502]THE STRIKE DATES section of the 1999 Paper and offers a mechanism as to why UFO's can move so fast_. + [503]A HUNGARIAN UFO the objects were spherical and about 50-100 yards wwide. He said one flew at the speed of 2,626 miles per hour. + [504]BALL OF LIGHT CLOCKED AT 1,800 MILES/SECOND! August 21, 1996. Sarpy County, NE. Perhaps 1,800 miles per second should really be 1,800 miles per hour. This velocity would be comparable with that of another very speedy "ball of light. On May 25, 1997. Near Loco, Oklahoma Scientists at the Astrophysics Department at the University of Oklahoma believe the object was solid and may have been traveling between 9,000 and 20,000 mph." + [505]CHILEAN ASTRONOMER REPORTS UNIDENTIFIED ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA as it approached the zenith, I could see that it was in fact a group of at least 30 lights distributed in a broad, symmetrical V-configuration. _[506]OUR COMBO'S PRIEST SPECIES denotes these as the Priest species, possibly originating from Alpha Centauri B._ + [507]BRAZIL - ASTONISHING UFOS IN PERNAMBUCO 1-10-02 There is something strange in the skies of Pernambuco. Unexplained lights, cigar shaped luminous objects, small points crossing space at prodigious speed have been seen along the coast, particularly in the municipality of Brejo da Madre de Deus, locate 219 kilometers from the capital. One of the witnesses interviewed by the ufologist, claims having seen UFOs on repeated. "My wife and I were standing on the porch to our house when we saw an object in the sky, resembling a cigar, surrounded by 20 smaller disc-shaped objects, flying in disarray. He has also seen UFOs over the Guararapes Airport in the municipality of Cupira, 168 kilometers north of Recife. "Some even saw one land and disgorge little men who helped themselves to the guava trees." _This is a classic UFO case, see [508]Table H- 13 and [509]Figure V-2. A Glowing Cylindrical Ship, Many Disk Or Spherical UFO's, With Angel Hair Raining Down. _ + [510]CLIPEOLOGY comes from Latin "clypei ardentes", which means "burning shields". Many ancient documents written in Sanskrit, especially one called "Vimanika", found in 1875 inside an old Indian temple, describe how to build and pilot "vimanas", a celestial chariot (UFO). Other documents claimed that "Gods" traveled everywhere on them. They were made of wood (epoxy?), metal or both. The wooden ones were covered with a substance that gave them a great resistance, lightness and strength. An alloy of two white and one red metal (copper, magnesium and aluminum?) was used. This alloy was soldered (without joints) to the surface of the vimana. The vimanas were shiny and lightful _(bright)_ during the night! Through the personal vibrations _(a trait likely exploited by our [511]our Combo's Priest EILF)_ the object could levitate. 14. [512]MYSTERY SIGNALS BEAM FROM SPACE Billion of signals from space have been analyzed, but only 164 signals cannot be explained either in terms of natural phenomena or human causes. Since some of these 164 signal sources are fixed in the same locations in the sky indicating sentient extraterrestrial beings. 15. See [513]SOLAR-SYSTEM-PLANET-MOON UFO, expanding earth and other related web sites. 16. VISIONARIES, RELIGIOUS APPARITIONS AND CHANNELED DATA (_Everyone's Getting In The Act._) A. VISIONARIES o Recent[514] ZOROASTRIAN PROPHECIES According to Zoroastrian scripture, the end of the world will come about when a comet, called Gochihr, strikes the earth. o Nostradamus # See [515]2.4.2 NOSTRADAMUS # [516]ACADEMY #244_ Another plot the cities/regions indicated by Nostradamus as possible conet strike regions with one found which is found in the Bible. A very narrow straight line is obtained (all coordinates approximate). _ VI/6 Eretria - Greece - 38.2N 23.6E VI/6 Boeotia - Greece - 38.5N 23.5E VI/6 Siena - Tuscany Italy - 43.0N 11.3E VI/6 Susa - Italy/France Border - 45.0N 7.0E I/46 Auch, Lectoure, Mirande - 43.5N 0.5E V/98 Bearn, Bigorre - 43.5N 0.5E o [517]MOTHER SHIPTON'S PROPHECIES - The Last Prophecy. See also this web sites section on [518]MOTHER SHIPTON'S PROPHECIES B. RELIGIOUS APPARITIONS o [519]NEW BIBLE CODE RESULTS # [520]PLANET X Planet X - 2003 - 2004 - Diverting - Absurd - Appearance - Fraud - Newsmonger (Planet X comes up in the code 25 times, but there is only one citing with the year 2003, the expected arrival time. Have you noticed that the some of the media seems to be alarming us with Planet X along with other disturbing coverage? It makes you wonder if something isn't in the works, something we need to know about, but we won't be able to find out about it because of the clamp on the real news. If anything, it seems like the classic case of having us focus on the right hand, while the left hand should be the center of our attention. Please try to check foreign press web sites to find out what is happening here and abroad. By keeping track and by comparing notes, it will be much easier to discern the ruses from the realities. K. Keating _summarized_) # [521]ARMAGEDDON Armageddon - abortion - abyss - annihilation - army - bereave - cleansing - economics - glorification - grave harbinger - jesus - Hashen - Megiddo - Missile - mark - peace - termination - terrible - thunder - UN - will die # [522]END OF DAYS End Of Days - comet - fire - hydrogen - burning - air - famine - earthquake - destruction - beast - dark - abomination # [523]GREAT COLD great cold - after - the - warming - will - be - terrible # [524]ROSWELL roswell - YEARS HC 5708 = 1947 to 1948 - crash - alien - UFO - adversary - deputy - desert - evidence - gun - landing - strip - return - telegram - terrible - THEY WILL TRAVEL - will die # [525]GREAT DECEPTION great - deception - UFO - alien - contact - UN - US - CIA - plan - lying - about -origin # [526]GIANTS giants - Israel - UFO - alien - terror - evil - target - horror - temple - mount # [527]FATIMA Fatima - Third - Secret - Fake - Release - By - Rome - To - Dupe - The - Public o [528]LATEST BIBLE CODE FINDINGS (2002) 2010 - 2012 Meteorite Strikes resulting in 5o or 10o pole shifts _(possibly only movement of the Earth's crust)_. o [529]ON THE POSSIBILITY OF VERY RAPID SHIFTS OF THE POLES Summary : - Evidence exists that the poles have changed position during the past ages. This possibility, however, so far has been disregarded on the basis that such a phenomenon is thought to be physically impossible. The following article shows the possibility of very rapid shifts of the poles due to the impact of astronomical objects as small as a half-kilometer diameter asteroid. o [530]OUR ROCK WHO ART IN HEAVEN, HALLOWED BE THY NAME However, I don't think the evidence for our potential annihilation by a comet has remained buried beneath the original Hebrew text of the Bible in such a way that it's taken two millennia, a mathematical genius, and a computer to discover it (i.e. the Bible Code) . I believe that that message is the original and primary message of the plain text of the Bible - a message written over and over again, in many different ways, by the many authors of the Bible. _It's been sitting right out in the open, for everybody to read, for aeons._ That message not only appears repeatedly in the Bible, but it's the basis for the mythology of almost every culture around the globe. It's been in our most ancient records, right under our noses, practically forever. The few people that survived the first time it happened - and it may have happened more than once - wanted to be so certain that we'd be aware that it could happen again, that they set about ingraining it into our collective consciousness forever. o [531](8) ANGER AT FATIMA 'BETRAYAL' 29 June 2000 Bishop Januario Torgal demanded: "If the Vatican knew that it was not apocalyptic, why on Earth did it only make it public now?" o A Cover-Up Or Conspiracy? [532]THE VATICAN'S VERSION OF THE MESSAGE OF FATIMA After the two parts which I have already explained, at the left of Our Lady and a little above, we saw an Angel with a flaming sword in his left hand; flashing, it gave out flames that looked as though they would set the world on fire; but they died out in contact with the splendor that Our Lady radiated towards him from her right hand: pointing to the earth with his right hand, the Angel cried out in a loud voice: 'Penance, Penance, Penance!'. And we saw in an immense light that is God: 'something similar to how people appear in a mirror when they pass in front of it' a Bishop dressed in White 'we had the impression that it was the Holy Father'. Other Bishops, Priests, men and women Religious going up a steep mountain, at the top of which there was a big Cross of rough-hewn trunks as of a cork-tree with the bark; before reaching there the Holy Father passed through a big city half in ruins and half trembling with halting step, afflicted with pain and sorrow, he prayed for the souls of the corpses he met on his way; having reached the top of the mountain, on his knees at the foot of the big Cross he was killed by a group of soldiers who fired bullets and arrows at him, and in the same way there died one after another the other Bishops, Priests, men and women Religious, and various lay people of different ranks and positions. Beneath the two arms of the Cross there were two Angels each with a crystal aspersorium in his hand, in which they gathered up the blood of the Martyrs and with it sprinkled the souls that were making their way to God. _Some will be angry with the church for not sounding more of a warning about the comet threat. Third Secret of Fatima material is likely an incomplete [533]cover-up of an apocalyptic prophecy because: _ o [534]FATIMA PROPHECY COMET APPROACHES THE EARTH Posted By: Newshound Date: Monday, 5 March 2001, 8:30 p.m. When Seattle was struck with the earthquake, I decided to do more research into natural disasters as they relate to prophecy. One particular aspect involved the coming comet or asteroid. Its side effects bring part of the Third Secret of Fatima to light. According to prophecy, as the comet approaches the earth, changes in the climate will take place. More droughts will occur and some places will have more floods. Summer will be cold due to the comet's gases that will disrupt normal solar radiation, and winter will be quite hot. There will be a hail of stones shortly before or shortly after the sky is ignited. A rain of dust will precede this. As the hydrogen of the comet's tail mixes with the oxygen in the earth's atmosphere, it will ignite. The sky will be on fire. Electrical discharges between the comet's head and the earth will cause violent lightning. We will have a shortage of oxygen due to the deadly gases. With the lightning strikes and harsh heat, the earth will catch on fire. Even cities will burn. Torrential rains will follow in some areas as the combustion of the comet's hydrogen in the air, combined with the shortage of oxygen, will form massive cloud formations. Floods obviously will ensue; hurricanes will also develop further complicating the situation. Famine will hold the world in a death grip and the AC will have us right where he wants us. We ran the Bible Code for End of Days, please click here to see the results. o [535]THIRD SECRET OF FATIMA In October, 1981, an interview with the Pope and Catholics at Fulda, Germany - reported in the Press "Stimme des Glaubens" which means "Voice of Believers" - the Pope stated, and affirmed, that part of the Secret of Fatima refers to millions of people perishing in a moment of time. On the 13th May, 2000, at Fatima, the Pope said we were in the midst of the Book of Revelation, Chapter 12, verse 3 - e.g.: "And another sign in Heaven, all behold a great Dragon appeared with seven heads and ten horns". So to say the danger has now passed and we can look to a brighter future - who's living in a dream world? o [536]FAQ PART 2 - LEIDA Pope John Paul II was seriously wounded by an assassin on 5/13/81. He missed two bullets aimed at his skull as he bent down to look at a Lady of Fatima metal. He then read everything he could about Fatima, and he reread the Third Secret. While conversing privately with a small group of pilgrims in November 1980, he was asked why the Third Secret had not been published in 1960, as the Lady of Fatima had directed. He responded that "the gravity of its contents" was such as to possibly provoke a hostile response to its release on the part of the "world power of Communism" and hence the Vatican had seen fit to defer its publication "out of diplomacy." He added: " When you read that oceans will inundate entire continents, and millions of men will suddenly have life snatched from them in a second - if you know this, there is no need to publish the secret." o [537]FATHER MALACHI "Martin" read the Third Secret of Fatima and said it is a dreaded thing. The less you know of it the better. There will be a series of trials, not merely floods, not merely earthquakes, not merely diseases but something far worse than that!...keep your eyes on the skies because it will be visible. It is not (more than) 20 years away (from 1998?). o [538]DID THE VATICAN REVEAL THE FULL FATIMA PROPHECY? The Vatican released the prophecy shortly after Father Malachi Martin (who read it) died in 07/27/1999. Thus, he could not verify the released material's authenticity. o [539]THE THIRD SECRET OF FATIMA: RUMORS, SPECULATION AND CONTROVERSY. "THE GREAT LIGHT" referred to by the Blessed Virgin in other communications with visionaries, the Great Light is a prophecy of a time when the entire world will witness a miraculous light in the skies that will be seen by everyone at the same moment (_The passage of the Comet's debris field_). Many believe that in the Third Secret the Blessed Virgin gave further details about the great light, revealing that it will result from a tremendous comet or asteroid on a collision course with earth. o [540]THE THIRD SECRET OF FATIMA REVEALED?...01/25/00 by Mitch Battros (ECTV) A star, the Asteroid (_The 20,000 mile wide comet's debris field_), will illuminate the earth causing it to appear to be surrounded by flames during a period of some twenty minutes, an event which will spread panic everywhere... (_The passage of the comet's debris field_). This will occur in the near future. When the Asteroid (_The passage of the comet's debris field_) lights up the earth making it appear that the whole world is in flames, many people will wish to die at that shower of fire...a fear which will in fact cause the death of many people; those who are just and who believe will not suffer." Over 30 years ago, Conchita of Garabandal said the "Warning" will happen on a Thursday in April between the 8th & 16th of the month (_perhaps the 2007 event_), within the lifetime of now (2000 AD) 65 year old Joey Lomangino o [541]THE THIRD LETTER OF FATIMA...12/24/99 by Mitch Battros (ECTV) Below is a direct response from the Vatican itself (e.g. the official Fatima Centre in Italy) Sister Lucy said before 1986, "The punishments predicted in the Third Secret have already begun"; (Fatima Crusader #20, pg. 6). Pope John Paul II allegedly said, when asked about the Third Secret said: "...It should be sufficient for all Christians to know this: If there is a message in which it is written that the oceans will flood whole areas of the earth _(tsunami from a comet strike)_, and that from one moment to the next, millions of people will perish, truly the publication of such a message is no longer something to be so much desired"; (Crusader #9-10, pg. 8). Also, Sister Lucy said that if you want to know what the Third Secret contains, read chapters 8 _(great mountain, all ablaze, thrown into the sea, etc.)_ and 13 of the book of Apocalypse (_Revelation_) in the Bible. C. [542]THE END DAYS This page describes what will generally happen to the world in the next few years according prophecies made by Catholic Saints in past centuries and well- known Catholic seers, visionaries, and locutionists in this century. All prophecies refer to a very great chastisement greater in magnitude to the great deluge in the time of Noah. But this time, it will be in the form of fire coming from the Third World War and a great Comet called the Ball of Redemption. The chastisement will culminate in the Three Days of Darkness enveloping the whole world. After these calamities, three-fourths of mankind would have died. This is not end of the world or Final Judgement. It is only a purification of the Earth before God sets up His Kingdom on earth as we pray Our Father. People will live in this renewed earth, which God calls The Garden of Eden before the Fall of Adam, without disease and illness, without temptation, for 1,500 years before the Final Judgement will finally come. _Note, this would place the "end of the world" at about 3,500 AD, in reasonable correlation with Nostradamus' value of [543]3797 (near the time when swarm A will again threaten in 3677)._ D. [544]FIRE FROM THE SKY Prophecies About A Comet And The Earth _The first Strike 2006 - 2008_ Nuclear War Could Be In Progress At the Time The Comet Hits Earth. There may be two different comets involved in the chastisement. The first of these would not strike the Earth, but just graze it causing fire to fall from heaven and the oceans to overflow their boundaries. Fragments landing in water could cause steam and mist. A Comet Skims Across the Surface of the Earth._The first Strike 2006 - 2008_ Josyp Terelya, in May and June 1993 stated: There is a large comet that is approaching the earth. It will not hit the earth, but it will cause many cataclysms on the planet. Land today in America will be under water. Because of the tremendous flooding, crops, won t grow, the animals then will have nothing to feed on, and this will contribute to the great famine. Sooner or later there will be a tremendous struggle for products. We will survive, but we will all witness major catastrophes. See discussed on this web site: [545]A Nostradamus/Zechariah comet strike plot This figure suggests a major comet fragment will split off a 1700+ mile long impact trajectory oriented toward Jerusalem and strike southern France. At least seven fragments striking land are anticipated. _Perhaps The Second Strike 2010 - 2013_ During The Great Trial A Comet Strikes Earth With Resulting Darkness Julka (Julia) of Yugoslavia in the period 1960 to 1966 had a vision in which she states: "I found myself in a garden, looking after the flowers. Suddenly something so gigantic fell to the earth, that the whole world shook and reared itself as though it was going to break in pieces. All the air is in flames. The whole atmosphere of the earth from the ground to the sky was a gigantic sheet of flame." On June 20, 1976, the Lord Jesus appeared. He glanced at all present there and commanded Julka, the seerees: Come with Me! And they ascended. After a while the Lord said to Julia: "Look at the Earth." From that height it seemed as small as a full moon. When Julia looked carefully, she saw huge craters everywhere. Only a few areas remained without holes. Jesus explained: "This is how the face of the Earth will look during the Catastrophe!" Marie-Julie Jahenny, the Breton Stigmatist, born 1850, died 1941, announce that three quarters of the population of the globe will disappear in the last crisis; terrible earthquakes, epidemics of unknown disease whose ravages would be frightful, terrible famines, inclement weather, cyclones, rising seas that would cause terrifying tidal waves. On October 13, 1973, at Akita, Japan, an apparition which twice approved by the Bishop, Bishop Ito, and twice by the Bishops of the Church in Japan, the Holy Mother gave this message to Sister Agnes Sasagawa: If men do not repent and better themselves, the Heavenly Father will inflict a great punishment on all humanity. It will definitely be a punishment greater than the Deluge, such as has never been seen before. Fire will plunge from the sky and a large part of humanity will perish, the good as well as the bad, sparing neither priests nor the faithful. The survivors will find themselves plunged into such terrible hardships that they will envy the dead. The only arms which will remain for you will be the Rosary and the sign left by My Son (Eucharist). E. [546]THE GREAT CHASTISEMENT AND THREE DAYS OF DARKNESS On November 22, 1992, the Blessed Mother said to Father Gobbi, "In all the land, two-thirds of them will be cut off and perish; and one-third shall be left. I will pass this third through fire; I will refine it as silver is refined, test it as gold is tested." On February 8, 1990, Our Lord appeared to Patricia Talbott and told her that one of the signs that would point to the nearness of the chastisement would be a comet which would pass by the earth. He said that His mother was preparing us for His Second Coming. F. [547]MARIAN APPARITIONS AND THE MESSAGES OF COMING EARTH CHANGES AND CHASTISEMENT prophecies like the ones in"La Salette" France and "Akita" Japan which indicate comet strike related events: The former on 09/19/1846 gave a prophecy that coming weather changes would affect the production of crops, causing widespread hunger. The atmosphere would become clouded _(from impact dust, cometary debris, and ice crystals)_ so that the stars and moon would appear to look different. The interior of the earth would begin to convulse causing great earth changes. The latter on 10/13/1973 warned Fire _(from the comet and its associated debris field)_ will fall from the sky and will wipe out a great part of humanity, the good as well as the bad, sparing neither priests nor faithful. ... G. PROPHECIES OF CHRIST, OUR LADY, SAINTS, AND POPES o [548]SAINT HILDEGARD (12th Century): The time is coming when princes and peoples will reject the authority of the Pope. Some countries will prefer their own Church rulers to the Pope. The German Empire will be divided. Before the comet comes, many nations, the good excepted, will be scourged by want and famine. The great nation in the ocean that is inhabited by people of different tribes and descent will be devastated by earthquake, storm, and tidal wave. It will be divided and, in great part, submerged. That nation will also have many misfortunes at sea and lose its colonies. After the great Comet, the great nation will be devastated by earthquakes, storms, and great waves of water, causing much want and plagues. The ocean will also flood many other countries, so that all coastal cities will live in fear, with many destroyed. A powerful wind will rise in the North, carrying heavy fog and the densest dust, and it will fill their throats and eyes so that they will cease their butchery and be stricken with a great fear. o [549]V. MARIE JULIE JAHENNY (19th century, France) "During this darkness the devils and the wicked will take on THE MOST HIDEOUS SHAPES... red clouds like blood will move across the sky. The crash of the thunder will shake the earth and sinister lightning will streak the heavens out of season. The earth will be shaken to its foundations. The sea will rise, its roaring waves will spread over the continent..." "The Earth will become like a vast cemetery. The bodies of the wicked and the just will cover the ground." "Three-quarters of the population of the globe will disappear. Half the population of France will be destroyed." o [550]VIII. MOTHER ELENA LEONARDI (20th Century, Italy) "An unforeseen fire will descend over the whole earth, and a great part of humanity will be destroyed. This will be a time of despair for the impious: with shouts and satanic blasphemy, they will beg to be covered by the mountains, and they will try to seek refuge in caverns, but to no avail. Those who remain will find God's mercy in my power and protection, while all who refuse to repent of their sins will perish in a sea of fire!" "Blessed are those who at this time may be called truly devoted to Mary! My name is locked in your heart, my daughter. . . Russia will be almost completely burned." (Albert J. Herbert, The Three Days' Darkness, P.O. Box 309, Paulina, LA 70763). o [551]PIUS XII (20th century): There were occasional rumors of visions and angelic phenomena associated with Pius XII during the entire duration of his papacy (1939-58). After one of these mystical visions he reportedly told one of his assistants, Mankind must prepare itself form sufferings such as it has never before experienced. He expressed dismay at what he saw facing humanity in the not so distant future, describing those times as the darkest since the deluge. o [552]JACINTA MARTO (one of the three seers of Fatima) Part III - 11. - "There is a secret of Heaven and another one of earth, and the latter is terrifying. It will seem as though it were already the end of the world. And in this cataclysm everything will be separated from the sky, which will turn white as snow." - June 18, 1981. _Sir Fred Hoyle's ice crystals permanently reflecting the Earth's Sun light and keeping it an Ice Age._ o [553]JESUS OF SIBERIA "But to keep things simple, yes, I am Jesus Christ. _Jesus maybe, Christ - not yet._ "Have you not heard?" laughs Igor as he guides us through the swamp. "A comet is going to smash into the earth next year." _2003 doubful, but who knows._ H. Current warnings from Jesus and Our Lady about the impending comet strike. o [554]#60 THE GREAT COMET CHASTISEMENT (PART 1V) I know it's a comet". You will be "planet-stuck". We will see it "about two weeks before" it ever hits Earth and "billions will be lost". o [555]#61 THE GREAT COMET CHASTISEMENT (PART V) There will be "nations disappear" within a matter of ten minutes. o [556]#62 THE GREAT COMET CHASTISEMENT (PART VI) The Earth is "STRUCK TWICE" and the underside is in flames. Up to "three-quarters" of humanity will be gone (_but how is not specified_). I. CHANNELED DATA And Dream Analysis o [557]Cassiopaea Web Pages # [558]DOES OUR SUN HAVE A DARK COMPANION? # [559]COMETARY SHOWERS, ETC. # [560]HURRICANES, EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANOES # [561]SUPERNOVAE: THE VEHICLE OF ASCENSION? o [562]DR HELEN WAMBACH & DR CHET SNOW In the early 1980s, a huge study that involved over 2,500 people undergoing hypnotic future life progression was interesting because the respondents did not report a future lifetime between the years 1994 and 2079. Snow said in an interview the massive changes in the Earth had begun to take place. Changes begun in 1996, 1998/99 and then in the years 2002, 2007 and 2012. _See the T367 Crop circle analysis in [563]THE 2007, 2033 OR 2039 STRIKE DATES section of the 1999 Paper_ References 1. file://localhost/barry/index.html 2. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#1 3. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#1a 4. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#1b 5. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#1c 6. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#2 7. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#3 8. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#3a 9. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#3b 10. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#3c 11. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#3d 12. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#4 13. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#4a 14. http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/related.html#4a4 15. 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  • Tsunamigenerallytravelveryfastacrosstheocean(typically500km/hormore).Indeepwaterthetsunamiheightmightnotbegreatbuttheheightcanincreasedramaticallywhentheyreachtheshorelinebecausethewaveslowsinshallowwaterandtheenergybecomesmoreconcentrated.Inadditiontotheinherentincreaseintheheightofthewavefromthisshoalingeffect,themomentumofthewavemightcauseittoreachaconsiderableheightasittravelsupslopingland.Itistypicalformultiplewavestoresultfromonetsunami-generatingeventandthesecouldbeseveralhoursapartwhentheyreachadistantshore.
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