mirrored file at http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== OUR UNIVERSE _UNLOCKING ITS MYSTERIES_ What Kind of Sky Did the Ancients See? Long before there were telescopes, space probes, or shuttle missions, prehistoric man cast his eyes to the heavens. Pictographs and hieroglyphs of a great diversity of early cultures independently depict man's fascination with and fear of what he observed. Myths and lore tell of strange and violent events - terrifying dramas in the heavens and catastrophic changes in the cosmic order itself. Early man built temples to the heavenly figures that he worshipped as gods. The myths and pictographs of antiquity clearly show that, at one time, our eyes saw a vastly different sky from the one astronomers view in their instruments today. Fig. 1. Temples remembering the axis mundi. Were ancient myths merely fantasies? Many traditional astronomers and mythologists dismiss these early stories and drawings as the fantasies of primitive cultures lacking an understanding of what they saw. However, comparative mythologists [1]David Talbott, [2]Ev Cochrane, and Dwardu Cardona have found that there is a consistent pattern in these stories. When many different, widely separated cultures tell the same story, the probability exists that these are not mere flights of fancy, but valid observations. If the astronomers of today were to re-examine their assumptions about what is and is not possible in the cosmos take a new and unbiased look at the pictures coming back from NASA's probes and the images from their own telescopes they would find strong evidence to support a view of cosmology different from the one espoused by mainstream astronomers one that ancient man saw all too clearly. A group of astronomers, physicists, electrical engineers, and experts in the field of ancient mythology have begun to challenge some of the generally accepted hypotheses of the history of our solar system and conventional theories of cosmology. Many of these iconoclasts were influenced early on by the writings of the catastrophist Immanuel Velikovsky. Although there is general disagreement among this group with many of Velikovsky's specific scenarios, most of them agree with his thesis that Earth and our solar system have had a catastrophic past. Heavenly Bodies Were Worshipped as Gods - Why? In earlier times man worshipped heavenly bodies as gods. Myths proclaim, "We once lived in the presence of the gods". These gods were visible powers, often capricious, and frequently violent. The priestly astronomers of ancient Mesopotamia and elsewhere make clear that these remarkable powers were planets. If the myths surrounding these gods are to be taken seriously, they raise many questions. Why did ancient man worship the god Saturn? The planet Saturn is very difficult for the average person to even find in the sky today. Some mythologists postulate that there is evidence in ancient lore to connect the scarred warrior hero of legend with the god Mars. Yet the planet we know as Mars is only a tiny speck in the sky today; and its deep, 2,400 mile-long canyon (scar), Valles Marineris, cannot be seen from Earth without a powerful telescope. Why did the ancients depict Venus as a fiery dragon or a goddess with flowing hair, when that planet is merely a bright dot in the sky today? Fig. 2. Valles Marineris - The scar on Mars Thunderbolts Between Planets. The myths of many of the ancients tell of violent thunderbolt interaction between the gods. Of course we see lightning on earth today, but never "thunderbolts" that streak between planets. What could have caused these violent interactions long ago? The Ancient Record. Why do pictographs show what is commonly considered to be the sun as a huge disc with a smaller one in the center, often with rays flowing out of it, with a third darker circle superimposed in the center? Our sun looks nothing like that. In many different cultures we see the symbol of a crescent with a star at its center. How could this be when there is no star or planet closer to earth than our moon to form such a configuration? And most importantly, why do so many disparate and far flung ancient cultures, peoples who could never have been in contact with one another, such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, Chinese, Native American Indians, Mayans, Babylonians, Australian Aboriginals, and many others, all tell the same story and draw similar pictures. Fig. 3. Pictographs. Notice the descending paths. Planets in the Northern sky. If these ancient writings were based on valid observations rather than fantasy, what do they tell us? Cochrane and Talbott theorize that Earth formerly moved in an assembly of planets having no resemblance to our current solar system. As seen from Earth, several planets appeared together as towering forms in the northern sky. In its stable phase, the planets moved in "collinear" equilibrium - they stayed in a line as the system moved through space. For observers on earth, the result was a unified configuration in the heavens, visually dominated by a large glowing planet one we theorize to have been Saturn (then seen without its present ring system). This highly unusual planetary assembly was centered on the north celestial pole. It was regarded around the world as the cosmic center, the theater of the gods. The Polar Configuration This can only mean that the axis of Earth was directed along a line running through the collinear system. When the earliest religious texts and mythical sources are permitted to speak for themselves, this is precisely the arrangement they describe. What the ancients were seeing when they depicted the Sun as three concentric discs was a different alignment of planets from what we see in the sky today. They suggest that at one time Earth was in a polar alignment - an alignment Talbott and Cochrane theorize as having been with Saturn, Venus and Mars; - the large outer disc in the pictographs being Saturn, the next inner disc representing Venus (often with rays emanating from it) and the center dark or red disc being Mars. The view of a crescent with a star-like body at its center is impossible if our moon were the crescent. However, it would indeed be the scene viewed from Earth in its polar alignment if the crescent were Saturn, somewhat illuminated by the Sun, and the star-like object, Mars superimposed upon Venus. Fig. 4. Left to right: a. The aligned planets as seen by the ancients - Saturn, with Venus in front of it, and Mars in front of Venus. b. An image of the aligned planets and their interaction that has been preserved down through antiquity. c. A pictograph - Notice the wings match the shape of the crescent in (a). The spot at the throat matches the position of Venus/Mars and the zigzags in the body match the downward paths in figure 3. d. The symbol found on the U.S. dollar bill and in Masonic lore - the eye above the pyramid (the pyramid representing the axis mundi - the downward paths in figure 3). The Garden of Eden - and then Doomsday Interdisciplinary physicist Wal Thornhill ventures that, at one time, Earth may have been within the protective aura of a cool brown dwarf star, the proto-Saturn, which provided an ideal atmosphere for life on Earth. Given this configuration, Earth would have been bathed in Saturn's constant beneficent glow with no difference between day and night and a continual benign single season. This was the time "before time" that Talbott theorizes was the "Golden Age", "Age of Perfect Virtue", or "Garden of Eden", depicted in one way or another in all diverse myths and religions. Another common theme in the myths of many distantly separated cultures is of a Doomsday that brought the Golden Age to an end. Could it be that a disturbance in the Saturn polar alignment was the Doomsday these cultures each independently remembered? The exact cause of the eventual breakup of the polar alignment is a mystery. It may have been the result of a close pass-by of an asteroid or comet. Perhaps an inherent instability of the alignment resulted in its natural dissolution. Whatever the cause of the breakup, we know the final result is what we see today - the placid, almost circular, well separated orbits of our present solar system. Interacting Plasmas Many skeptics say that there is no mechanism that could have circularized the wildly divergent paths of the planets that were ejected from the polar configuration. Electrical Engineer, Donald Scott, points out that plasma physics shows us that planets can interact electrically if they are within each other's protective plasma sheaths (magnetospheres). Electrical repulsion that is alternatively felt (when planets' plasma sheaths intersect) and then not felt (when the sheaths do not intersect) could circularize orbits relatively quickly. In addition there is strong evidence that gravity and mass itself is dependent on electrical charge. Dinosaurs Are Impossible in Today's Gravity Another question that relates to the enigma of how Earth is different today from ancient times is the size of the giant dinosaurs. Ted Holden concludes that, given what we now know about mass to muscle ratio, there is no way those huge beasts could have held their heads up, much less walked, in the gravity that we have at present. Could a different planetary arrangement and/or electrical charge on Earth have provided the decreased gravity that allowed these giants to stand up and walk? Although there are questions about the Earth's gravity at the time of the dinosaurs, it is widely acknowledged that their rapid demise was caused by a catastrophe. Somehow, our gravity and our environment have changed, probably abruptly, and perhaps repeatedly. It is well known that there is a universal memory of Doomsday type catastrophes from age-old tales of floods, fearsome thunderbolts in the sky, and an age of darkness that descended upon the earth. The question is, how did these catastrophes come about? Certainly for the planets to change their alignments and gravity, cataclysms of gigantic proportions must have occurred. Islands in the arctic that consist more of shattered bones than of earth, ancient cities submerged in the oceans, seashell fossils on mountain tops, and behemoths found flash frozen in the arctic, with palm fronds in their stomachs, are evidence of such violent events. Fig. 5. Seismosaurus Electric Arcs Have Machined Planetary and Lunar Surfaces Arcing and electrical scarring are strong indications of past cataclysmic events in the solar system. Wal Thornhill proposes that the Valles Marineris scar on Mars may well have been made by an electrical discharge, and that the Grand Canyon in Arizona could have been formed in the same manner. The origin of the Grand Canyon has long been in controversy, and geologists are presently rethinking their long-held theories in this area. Thornhill points out in his work, "The Electric Universe", that plasma pervades the solar system and arcing will occur when and if charged bodies interact electrically. He proposes that it is just such arcing that has caused craters on the planets, asteroids and moons - even on Earth. He postulates that pictures of craters coming back from our space probes do not show a shape consistent with either the impact or volcanic models. Almost every crater we observe is round and not elliptical as many of them would be if made by meteors. They have flat bottoms with conical central cones. The strata of the central peaks are undisturbed in many so-called impact craters, including the famous Chicxulub in the Yucatan. Their walls are terraced. Secondary craters form on the rims of primary craters. Thornhill has demonstrated in the laboratory that such characteristics are expected with electrical arcing, but not with impacts. On some small asteroids the craters are huge, with diameters more than the asteroids' radii. Some asteroids have several craters this large. If these craters had been caused by impacts, surely the asteroids would have been destroyed. Is this electrical arcing the phenomenon that was interpreted as the "thunderbolts" that raged between the gods (planets) as described in ancient myths? Fig. 6. a.(Left) The Grand Canyon seen from a satellite. b.(Right) Lichtenberg figure on a golf green produced by lightning Do Birkeland Currents Power the Stars? A corollary to Thornhill's Electric Universe is a theory that engineer Ralph Juergens originated concerning the mechanism that powers the Sun. Following in Juergen's path, Donald Scott contends that present mainstream astronomy is attempting to ignore the data that contradicts their accepted "nuclear fusion" model. Scott suggests that both the Polar Configuration and the Electric Universe hypothesis are strongly supported by research in the field of plasma science. Galaxies Form in a Plasma Universe. Plasma physicist/electrical engineer Anthony Peratt has documented the workings of electric currents in plasmas. His simulations of galaxy formation by this mechanism give strong support to the Thornhill hypothesis of the Electric Universe. The now known existence of strong Birkeland currents within galaxies and in intergalactic space suggest that galaxies and the stars within them are formed by the electromagnetic z-pinch effect. If they can be formed in this way, Scott ventures that it is a minor extrapolation to hypothesize that these same stars are also powered by this mechanism. The Ancients Said Venus Had "Flowing Hair". Might the flowing hair of Venus, or the "fiery dragon" (as that planet is depicted in many ancient myths and drawings) actually have been the glowing ions of twisting Birkeland currents (or "stringy things" as mainstream astronomers call them)? Pictographs showing ladder formations and tales of a "Ladder to Heaven" or Jacob's Ladder might well be based on sightings of Birkeland currents and plasma instabilities such as those Peratt has seen in his plasma laboratories. It is interesting to note how often a sphere (planet?) is included in pictures of the Chinese dragon. Redshifts - Ejected Quasars - and the Death of the Big Bang Theory Astrophotographs taken at Mt. Palomar and Mt. Wilson by astronomer Halton Arp have removed one of the main linch-pins supporting standard modern cosmology. Astronomers traditionally assume that, if an object, such as a galaxy, strongly exhibits a quality called "positive redshift", then that object must be; 1) receding rapidly away from us and; 2) very distant. This assumption has led astronomers to pronounce the existence of such counterintuitive notions as the Big Bang, missing matter, black holes, neutron stars, dark energy, and expanding curved space. Dozens of Arp's photographs provide strong evidence that the "redshift equals distance" assumption is wrong. Arp theorizes, based not only on his own photographs but also on images being taken by X-ray satellite telescopes such as Rosat, that there is an evolutionary process of galaxy birth and maturation. Young objects are born from the active nuclei (AGN's) of parent galaxies. These youngsters are called quasars and BL Lac objects. They are often ejected symmetrically from the parent galaxy along its semi-major axis (perpendicular to the plane of the parent). This ejection process is strongly supported by the Electric/Plasma Universe theory of Thornhill and Peratt. In Search of Truth The thread that connects all these innovative researchers is their willingness to base their theories on the data they observe and change these theories as new data is received. Too often conventional scientists stop asking questions and try to adjust new incoming data to their preconceived (and accepted) theories. The most important element in the search for truth is the asking of questions. The advocates of the Saturn Model/Polar Configuration and the Electric Universe are asking fundamental questions based upon what they have observed, and as a result have proposed some reasonable hypotheses. All they ask now is that they be listened to and that the listeners open their eyes and their minds to the possibility of some very new ideas. Annis Pepion Scott [3]Next Page ----> [4]Return to the Main Page [5][hit.asp?sSiteName=dascott2] References 1. http://www.kronia.com/saturn.html 2. http://www.users.qwest.net/~mcochrane/index.html 3. file://localhost/www/sat/files/summary.htm 4. file://localhost/www/sat/files/index.htm 5. http://www.stats4all.com/asp/login.asp?sSiteName=dascott2