mirrored file at http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== ___________________________________ Jupiter Fact Sheet ___________________________________ [1][Cassini image of Jupiter] _________________________________________________________________ Jupiter/Earth Comparison _________________________________________________________________ Bulk parameters Jupiter Earth Ratio (J/E) Mass (10^24 kg) 1,898.6 5.9736 317.83 Volume (10^10 km^3) 143,128 108.321 1321.33 Radius (1 bar level) (km) Equatorial 71,492 6,378.1 11.209 Polar 66,854 6,356.8 10.517 Volumetric mean radius (km) 69,911 6,371.0 10.973 Ellipticity 0.06487 0.00335 19.36 Mean density (kg/m^3) 1,326 5,515 0.240 Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s^2) 24.79 9.80 2.530 Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s^2) 23.12 9.78 2.364 Escape velocity (km/s) 59.5 11.19 5.32 GM (x 10^6 km^3/s^2) 126.686 0.3986 317.8 Bond albedo 0.343 0.306 1.12 Visual geometric albedo 0.52 0.367 1.42 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -9.40 -3.86 - Solar irradiance (W/m^2) 50.50 1367.6 0.037 Black-body temperature (K) 110.0 254.3 0.433 Moment of inertia (I/MR^2) 0.254 0.3308 0.768 J[2] (x 10^-6) 14,736 1082.63 13.611 Number of natural satellites 61 1 Planetary ring system Yes No _________________________________________________________________ Orbital parameters Jupiter Earth Ratio (Jupiter/Earth) Semimajor axis (10^6 km) 778.57 149.60 5.204 Sidereal orbit period (days) 4,332.589 365.256 11.862 Tropical orbit period (days) 4,330.595 365.242 11.857 Perihelion (10^6 km) 740.52 147.09 5.034 Aphelion (10^6 km) 816.62 152.10 5.369 Synodic period (days) 398.88 - - Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 13.07 29.78 0.439 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 13.72 30.29 0.453 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 12.44 29.29 0.425 Orbit inclination (deg) 1.304 0.000 - Orbit eccentricity 0.0489 0.0167 2.928 Sidereal rotation period (hours) 9.9250* 23.9345 0.415 Length of day (hrs) 9.9259 24.0000 0.414 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 3.13 23.45 0.133 * System III (1965.0) coordinates _________________________________________________________________ Jupiter Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (10^6 km) 588.5 Maximum (10^6 km) 968.1 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 49.0 Minimum (seconds of arc) 29.8 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (10^6 km) 628.76 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 46.9 Apparent visual magnitude -2.7 Maximum apparent visual magnitude -2.94 Jupiter Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 5.20336301 Orbital eccentricity 0.04839266 Orbital inclination (deg) 1.30530 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 100.55615 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 14.75385 Mean Longitude (deg) 34.40438 _________________________________________________________________ North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 268.05 - 0.009T Declination : 64.49 + 0.003T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) T = Julian centuries from reference date _________________________________________________________________ Jovian Magnetosphere Goddard Space Flight Center O4 Model Dipole field strength: 4.28 gauss-Rj^3 Dipole tilt to rotational axis: 9.6 degrees Longitude of tilt: 201.7 degrees Dipole offset (planet center to dipole center) distance: 0.131 Rj Latitude/Longitude of offset vector: -8.0 degrees/148.57 degrees Note: All latitudes/longitudes are given in Jovian System III (1965.0) coordinates. Rj denotes Jovian radii, 71,398 km _________________________________________________________________ Jovian Atmosphere Surface Pressure: >>1000 bars Temperature at 1 bar: 165 K (-108 C) Temperature at 0.1 bar: 112 K (-161 C) Density at 1 bar: 0.16 kg/m^3 Wind speeds Up to 150 m/s (<30 degrees latitude) Up to 40 m/s (>30 degrees latitude) Scale height: 27 km Mean molecular weight: 2.22 g/mole Atmospheric composition (by volume, uncertainty in parentheses) Major: Molecular hydrogen (H[2]) - 89.8% (2.0%); Helium (He) - 10.2% (2.0%) Minor (ppm): Methane (CH[4]) - 3000 (1000); Ammonia (NH[3]) - 260 (40); Hydrogen Deuteride (HD) - 28 (10); Ethane (C[2]H[6]) - 5.8 (1. 5); Water (H[2]O) - 4 (varies with pressure) Aerosols: Ammonia ice, water ice, ammonia hydrosulfide _________________________________________________________________ If no sub- or superscripts appear on this page - for example, if the "Mass" is given in units of "(1024 kg)" - you may want to check the [2]notes on the sub- and superscripts. [3]bullet Notes on the factsheets - definitions of parameters, units, notes on sub- and superscripts, etc. _________________________________________________________________ [4]bullet Jovian Satellite Fact Sheet [5]bullet Jovian Rings Fact Sheet [6]bullet Planetary Fact Table - metric units [7]bullet Planetary Fact Table - U.S. units [8]bullet Planetary Fact Table - Earth ratio [9]bullet Jupiter Home Page [10]bullet Directory to other Planetary Fact Sheets [11]bullet NSSDC Planetary Home Page _________________________________________________________________ Questions and comments about this page should be addressed to: Dr. David R. Williams, [12]dwilliam at nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov, +1-301-286-1258 NSSDC, Mail Code 633, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 or Dr. Edwin V. Bell II, [13]ed.bell at gsfc.nasa.gov, +1-301-286-1187 NSSDC, Mail Code 633, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 [NSSDC logo] _________________________________________________________________ [an error occurred while processing this directive] Last Updated: 19 May 2004, DRW References 1. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/image/jupiter_cassini.jpg 2. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/fact_notes.html 3. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/fact_notes.html 4. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/joviansatfact.html 5. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupringfact.html 6. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/index.html 7. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_british.html 8. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html 9. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/jupiterpage.html 10. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planetfact.html 11. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planetary_home.html 12. mailto:dwilliam at nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov 13. mailto:ed.bell at gsfc.nasa.gov