http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ mirrored file For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== Sin (mythology) *Sin* (Akkadian Akkadian language *Akkadian* or *Assyrian-Babylonian* is a Semitic language that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia. The earliest attested Semitic language, it used the cuneiform writing system derived ultimately from ancient Sumerian language, an unrelated language isolate.... : *Sīn*, *Suen*; Sumerian Sumerian language *Sumerian* was the language of ancient Sumer, spoken in Southern Mesopotamia since at least the 4th millennium BC. It was gradually replaced by Akkadian language as a spoken language somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC , but continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific language in Mesopotamia... : *Nanna*, "illuminator") is a Sumer Sumer *Sumer* was a civilization and a historical region located in Southern Iraq , known as the Cradle of civilization. It lasted from the first settlement of Eridu in the Ubaid period through the Uruk period and the Dynastic periods until the rise of Babylon in the early 2nd millennium BC.... ian god of the moon Lunar deity In mythology, a *lunar deity* is a god or goddess associated with or symbolizing the moon: see moon . These deities can have a variety of functions and traditions depending upon the culture, but they are often related to or an enemy of the solar deity.... in Mesopotamian mythology Mesopotamian mythology *Mesopotamian mythology* is the collective name given to Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq.... . He is the son of Enlil Enlil *Enlil* , was the name of a chief deity listed and written about in ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittite, Canaanite and other Mesopotamian clay and stone tablets.... and Ninlil Ninlil In Sumerian mythology, *Ninlil* , first called *Sud*, in Assyrian called /Mullitu/, is the consort goddess of Enlil. Her parentage is variously described.... . His sacred city was Ur Ur *Ur* is modern *Tell el-Mukayyar*, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland.... . a's chief sanctuary at Ur was named /E-gish-shir-gal/ ("house of the great light"). Sin (later to be equated with Nanna) had a sanctuary at Harran Harran *Harran*, also known as *Carrhae*, is a district of Sanliurfa Province in the southeast of Turkey.A very ancient city which was a major Mesopotamian commercial, cultural, and religious center, Harran is a valuable archaeological site.... named /E-khul-khul/ ("house of joys"). On cylinder seal Cylinder seal A *cylinder seal* is a cylinder engraved with a 'picture story', used in ancient times to roll an impression onto a two-dimensional surface, generally wet clay.... s, he is represented as an old man with a flowing beard Beard A *beard* is the hair that grows on a person's chin, cheeks, neck, and the area above the upper lip. Typically, only males going through puberty, or post-pubescent males are able to grow beards.... and the crescent as his symbol. Encyclopedia *Sin* (Akkadian Akkadian language *Akkadian* or *Assyrian-Babylonian* is a Semitic language that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia. The earliest attested Semitic language, it used the cuneiform writing system derived ultimately from ancient Sumerian language, an unrelated language isolate.... : *Sīn*, *Suen*; Sumerian Sumerian language *Sumerian* was the language of ancient Sumer, spoken in Southern Mesopotamia since at least the 4th millennium BC. It was gradually replaced by Akkadian language as a spoken language somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC , but continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific language in Mesopotamia... : *Nanna*, "illuminator") is a Sumer Sumer *Sumer* was a civilization and a historical region located in Southern Iraq , known as the Cradle of civilization. It lasted from the first settlement of Eridu in the Ubaid period through the Uruk period and the Dynastic periods until the rise of Babylon in the early 2nd millennium BC.... ian god of the moon Lunar deity In mythology, a *lunar deity* is a god or goddess associated with or symbolizing the moon: see moon . These deities can have a variety of functions and traditions depending upon the culture, but they are often related to or an enemy of the solar deity.... in Mesopotamian mythology Mesopotamian mythology *Mesopotamian mythology* is the collective name given to Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq.... . He is the son of Enlil Enlil *Enlil* , was the name of a chief deity listed and written about in ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittite, Canaanite and other Mesopotamian clay and stone tablets.... and Ninlil Ninlil In Sumerian mythology, *Ninlil* , first called *Sud*, in Assyrian called /Mullitu/, is the consort goddess of Enlil. Her parentage is variously described.... . His sacred city was Ur Ur *Ur* is modern *Tell el-Mukayyar*, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland.... . Background Nanna's chief sanctuary at Ur was named /E-gish-shir-gal/ ("house of the great light"). Sin (later to be equated with Nanna) had a sanctuary at Harran Harran *Harran*, also known as *Carrhae*, is a district of Sanliurfa Province in the southeast of Turkey.A very ancient city which was a major Mesopotamian commercial, cultural, and religious center, Harran is a valuable archaeological site.... named /E-khul-khul/ ("house of joys"). On cylinder seal Cylinder seal A *cylinder seal* is a cylinder engraved with a 'picture story', used in ancient times to roll an impression onto a two-dimensional surface, generally wet clay.... s, he is represented as an old man with a flowing beard Beard A *beard* is the hair that grows on a person's chin, cheeks, neck, and the area above the upper lip. Typically, only males going through puberty, or post-pubescent males are able to grow beards.... and the crescent as his symbol. In the astral-theological system he is represented by the number 30 and the moon, symbolic of the moon's crescent that often appears next to him in Mesopotamian cylinder seals. This number probably refers to the average number of days (correctly around 29.53) in a lunar month Lunation *Lunation* is the mean time for one lunar phase cycle . It is on average 29.530589 days, or 29 d 12 h 44 min 3 s. The length of this cycle is linked to many phenomena in nature.... , as measured between successive new moon New moon In astronomical terminology, the *new moon* is the lunar phase that occurs when the Moon, in its monthly orbital motion around Earth, lies between Earth and the Sun, and is therefore in Conjunction with the Sun as seen from Earth.... s. The "wisdom" personified by the moon-god is likewise an expression of the science of astrology Astrology *Astrology* is a group of systems, traditions, and beliefs which hold that the relative positions of astronomical object and related details can provide useful information about personality, human affairs, and other terrestrial matters.... , in which the observation of the moon's phases is so important a factor. The tendency to centralize the powers of the universe leads to the establishment of the doctrine of a triad consisting of Sin, Shamash Shamash *Shamash* was the common Akkadian language name of the Solar deity and god of justice in Babylonia and Assyria, corresponding to Mesopotamian mythology Utu.... , and Ishtar Ishtar *Ishtar* is the Assyrian and Babylonian counterpart to the Mesopotamian mythology Inanna and to the cognate northwest Semitic goddess Astarte.... , respectively personifying the moon Moon The *Moon* is Earth's only natural satellite and the List of natural satellites by diameter satellite in the Solar System. The average centre-to-centre distance from the Earth to the Moon is km, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth.... , the sun Sun The *Sun* , a G V star, is the star at the center of the Solar System. The Earth and other matter orbit the Sun, which by itself accounts for about 98.6% of the Solar System's mass.... , and the planet Venus Venus *Venus* is the second-closest planet to the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. The planet is named after Venus , the Roman mythology goddess of love.... . He was named Sin in Babylonia Babylonia *Babylonia* was a state in Lower Mesopotamia , Babylon as its franklin. Babylonia emerged when Hammurabi created an empire out of the territories of the former kingdoms of Sumer and Akkad.... and Assyria Assyria *Assyria* was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history.... , and was also worshipped in Harran Harran *Harran*, also known as *Carrhae*, is a district of Sanliurfa Province in the southeast of Turkey.A very ancient city which was a major Mesopotamian commercial, cultural, and religious center, Harran is a valuable archaeological site.... . Sin had a beard made of lapis lazuli Lapis lazuli *Lapis lazuli* is a semi-precious stone prized since antiquity for its intense blue color.Lapis lazuli has been mined in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan for 6,500 years, and trade in the stone is ancient enough for lapis jewelry to have been found at Predynastic Egyptian sites, and lapis beads at neolithic burials in Mehrgarh, the C... and rode on a winged bull Cattle *Cattle*, colloquially referred to as *cows*, are domestication ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. They are raised as livestock for meat , dairy products , leather and as draft animals .... . His wife was Ningal Ningal *Ningal* , in Sumerian mythology was a goddess of reeds, daughter of Enki and Ningikurga and the consort of the moon god Sin by whom she bore Utu the son god, Inanna, and in some texts, Ishkur.... ("Great Lady"), who bore him Utu Utu *Utu* is the Sumerian language for "Sun". The Sumerian cuneiform character is encoded in Unicode at U+12313 .In Sumerian mythology, *Utu* is the son of the moon god Nanna and the goddess Ningal.... ("Sun") and Inanna Inanna *Inanna* ; ) is the Sumerian goddess of sexual love, fertility, and warfare.Alternative Sumerian names include /Innin/, /Ennin/, /Ninnin/, /Ninni/, /Ninanna/, /Ninnar/, /Innina/, /Ennina/, /Irnina/, /Innini/, /Nana/ and /Nin/, commonly derived from an earlier /Nin-ana/ "lady of the sky", although Gelb presented th... (Inanna is recognized as being the Sumerian Sumerian *Sumerian* may refer to:*Sumerian language*Cuneiform script*Sumer, including**History of Sumer**Sumerian architecture**Mesopotamian mythology... name for Ishtar). His symbols are the crescent moon, the bull (through his father, Enlil Enlil *Enlil* , was the name of a chief deity listed and written about in ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittite, Canaanite and other Mesopotamian clay and stone tablets.... , "Bull of Heaven"), and the tripod (which may be a lamp-stand). An important Sumerian text ("Enlil and Ninlil") tells of the descent of Enlil and Ninlil (pregnant with Nanna/Suen) into the underworld Underworld In the study of mythology and religion, the *underworld* is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term afterlife, referring to any place to which newly the dead souls go.... . There, three "substitutions" are given to allow the ascent of Nanna/Suen. The story shows some similarities to the text known as "The Descent of Inanna" Inanna *Inanna* ; ) is the Sumerian goddess of sexual love, fertility, and warfare.Alternative Sumerian names include /Innin/, /Ennin/, /Ninnin/, /Ninni/, /Ninanna/, /Ninnar/, /Innina/, /Ennina/, /Irnina/, /Innini/, /Nana/ and /Nin/, commonly derived from an earlier /Nin-ana/ "lady of the sky", although Gelb presented th... . Seats of Sin's worship The two chief seats of Sin's worship were Ur Ur *Ur* is modern *Tell el-Mukayyar*, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland.... in the south, and Harran Harran *Harran*, also known as *Carrhae*, is a district of Sanliurfa Province in the southeast of Turkey.A very ancient city which was a major Mesopotamian commercial, cultural, and religious center, Harran is a valuable archaeological site.... to the north. The cult Cult This article does not discuss "cult" in the original sense of "veneration" or "religious practice"; for that usage see Cult . See Cult for more meanings of the term "cult".... of Sin spread to other centers, and temples of the moon-god are found in all the large cities of Babylonia Babylonia *Babylonia* was a state in Lower Mesopotamia , Babylon as its franklin. Babylonia emerged when Hammurabi created an empire out of the territories of the former kingdoms of Sumer and Akkad.... and Assyria Assyria *Assyria* was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history.... . He is commonly designated as /En-zu/, or "lord of wisdom." During the period (c.2600-2400 BC) that Ur exercised a large measure of supremacy over the Euphrates Euphrates The *Euphrates* is the western of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia which flows from Anatolia.... valley, Sin was naturally regarded as the head of the pantheon Pantheon (gods) A *pantheon* is a set of all the gods of a particular polytheistic religion or mythology.Max Weber's 1922 opus, /Economy and Society/ discusses the link between a pantheon of gods and the development of monotheism.... . It is to this period that we must trace such designations of Sin as "father of the gods", "chief of the gods", "creator of all things", and the like. See also * Religion of the Ancient Near East * Ancient Semitic religion * Great Ziggurat of Ur Great Ziggurat of Ur The *Ziggurat* was dedicated to the moon god Nanna in the Sumerian city of Ur in ancient Mesopotamia, in present-day Iraq, near Nasiriyah south of Baghdad.... * Biblical Mount Sinai Biblical Mount Sinai The *Biblical Mount Sinai* is an ambiguously located mountain at which the Hebrew Bible states that the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by Tetragrammaton.... , possibly named after the god Footnotes External links * Tamara M. Green, /The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran/. E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1992, 232 pages. ISBN 9004095136