A Fundamental Paradigm Shift Home Mission Contact Us The Kronia Group and its objectives Take a short introductory tour of planetary catastrophics Enjoy your first glimpses of our ancient past, Saturn's Golden Age, and its catastrophic aftermath A radical new vision of the electrical forces organizing and animating our physical universe Archive of articles related to our subjects Subscribe to our free electronic newsletter THOTH and/or download back issues Product listing, description, and order information about our supporting educational products, including our Online Store Content and registration information about the upcoming World Conference Links to our sister sites and other resources Sponsor a significant event in your area through the Kronia Group lecture service Journals With the publication of "Worlds In Collision" in 1950, Immanuel Velikovsky spurred a revolution in thinking about archaeology, astronomy, history and geology. His work resulted in the formation of a group of scholars and writers who supported and amplified the scope of his research. Over the years several scholarly journals appeared which featured the best of this research. This list of articles is taken from the pages of : Pensee (1972-74) Kronos (1975-86) AEON (1987-present) Catastrophism and Ancient History (1989-present) SIS Review (1976-present). Immanuel Velikovsky Velikovsky- Immanuel Velikovsky, the father of modern catastrophism, was a pioneer scholar in Israel and colleague of Albert Einstein. This brief biography introduces us to his life. Testament- Velikovsky's reconstruction of the history of the solar system will not be accepted widely unless articulate readers who have found it sound persist in demanding objective consideration from the scientific community." This is a brief survey of the fields that Velikovsky's work effected and a testament to the predictive power of his theories. Overview- Overview of Velikovsky's work, its impact and the current status of catastrophist research. Article from "Explore More" magazine, Winter '96. Challenge- All these [ancient] civilizations, in texts bequeathed beginning with the time man learned to write, tell in various forms the very same narrative that the trained eye of a psychoanalyst could not but recognize as so many variants of the same theme. In hymns, in prayers, in historical texts, in philosophical discourses, the ancients desperately tried to convey to their descendants the record of events that took place in circumstances that left a strong imprint on the witnesses. Memoranda- Various memoranda between Prof. Harry Hammond Hess, member of the Space Science Board of the National Academy of Sciences and Immanuel Velikovsky. Archaeology Sauropods- The giant dinosaurs were simply to heavy to bear their own weight under Earth's present gravity. There are obvious and demonstrable reasons why species larger than elephants no longer exist. Olmecs- Recent archaeological explorations of the oldest stratum of Mesoamerican civilization, the Olmec, have constructed a record which suggests with very satisfying chronological correspondence with the events described in "Worlds In Collision". Pyramid Texts- For the Egyptians, astronomy, the precise notation of heavenly movements, was inseparable from mythology for the simple reason that all heavenly bodies were divine. And mythology was equally inseparable from historiography, the precise notation of human actions. Rock Art- It was during the Neolithic age, apparently, that man began recording his perceptions of celestial phenomena through paintings and petroglyphs (incised images in rock). ...rock art represents an objective record of mankind's enduring interest in the stars and offers a check upon conclusions deduced from comparative mythology. Sacrifice- It is not known why priest-kings were suddenly accepted as hierarchically superior rulers entitled to provisions by their fellows... sophisticated blood rituals became the most prominent activities of the first permanent lords. The origin of these sacred procedures remained equally enigmatic. Ancient Venus Observations- For whatever reason, the planet Venus was worshipped by ancient peoples the world over from a very early time. Thus it is that Venus figures prominently in the earliest myths, art, and religious literature of most ancient cultures. A survey of this material reveals hundreds of anomalies in the ancient descriptions of Venus' appearance and behavior. Venus in Ancient Astronomy- If Velikovsky is correct about the big catastrophe if 1500 BC described in Worlds in Collision, one would expect to find accounts in far off corners of the world describing the great catastrophe of 1500 BC, AND ascribing its cause to the planet Venus. Conversely, if Venus has been in its present orbit since before man's time on earth, there is NO WAY that we should read this same account from Egypt and Mexico, which to our knowledge had no contacts in 1500 BC. That would involve these two totally separated groups of people totally fabricating the same preposterous tale and ascribing to it the same preposterous cause by PURE CHANCE. Astronomy Martian Scarring- Velikovsky's ideas about the role of Mars in ancient catastrophe require that the surface of the planet exhibit unique evidence of this catastrophic series of encounters with the planet Venus as well as Earth. Many inexplicable anomalies in recent satellite data from Mars are accounted for. Electro-gravity- The known characteristic of the interplanetary medium suggest not only that the sun and the planets are electrically charged, but that the sun itself is the focus of a cosmic electric discharge- the probable source of all its radiant energy. Static Discharge- Religious, historical and literary texts describing the battles of the planetary gods are fraught with references to cosmic lightnings and thunderbolts. Electric discharges took place between the planetary bodies during their close approaches. Solar System Stability- In his writings Velikovsky contends that the solar system was not always stable, not is it in the same state as that in which it originated. A central feature of this theory is that these changes have occurred in many geological epochs, as well as several times in the historical past. Predictions- Seldom in the history of science have so many diverse anticipations been so quickly substantiated by independent investigation. Why, then , have scientists been so slow to acknowledge Velikovsky's successes in perhaps the most risky of scientific activities: accurate prediction on the basis of a working hypothesis? Venus' Atmosphere- Velikovsky's thesis concerning Venus' recent birth and cometary past can be tested against considerable evidence gathered since the thesis was first published in 1950. In this paper I will show that this atmosphere [Venus'] has been in existence far less than four eons. Youthful Venus- Although Magellan has cast doubt upon most of the scientific establishment's predictions regarding the nature of Venus' surface, a belief in a 4.5 billion year old age of the planet Venus is still enshrined as dogma, Magellan scientists strove to explain the paradox of young looking craters on a relatively old surface. Venus' High Temperature- Velikovsky claims that Venus is simply a new planet, which has not had time to cool. I claim that empirical evidence involving Venus is being doctored and falsified at every turn because it does not fit with scientists' preconceived ideas involving the age of our solar system, and because it does not match any of the logical requirements of Carl Sagan's "super-greenhouse" theory. Comparative Mythology Mythology- Velikovskians take the myths of ancient civilizations very seriously, mainly because there is no accounting for their many similarities unless humanity simultaneously experienced the same events around the globe. The study of "Comparative Mythology" is explained and its methods for interpretation are discussed. Comparative Mythology- When all is said and done it may well turn out that Velikovsky's most enduring claim to fame will be his singular contribution to comparative mythology; specifically, the thesis that many ancient myths commemorate spectacular cataclysms associated with the various planets. Apollo- The archaic Apollo was not so much worshipped as the embodiment of beauty, poetry or youth. The further back one looks, the more it is seen that Apollo was seen as a god bringing pestilence and plague, delighting in the ravages of war. What are the origins of this darker Apollo? Athena- The mythical accounts of the spectacular nature of Athena's birth have long intrigued scholars. The cataclysmic imagery attending her epiphany is difficult to imagine under any but the most abnormal conditions. Did this myth reflect the witnessing of astronomical phenomenon? Erra- The Poem of Erra is one of the most remarkable and popular documents which has come down to us from ancient times. Akkadian scholars attempt to understand the meaning of the Poem of Erra in terms of political turmoil. "it is evident that the events of the Flood in the Erra Epic, however vivid in their language, apply unmistakably to events in the astral heavens and to nothing else. Heracles- The strange and enigmatic play by Sophicles about the mythic hero, Heracles is dissected and its surreal imagery is interpreted as an early account of Heracles/Mars' unusual interaction with other members of an unstable solar system. Indra- The Indian mythological figure, India, is celebrated in countless hymns of the Rig Veda for many feats, including conquering the sun, delivering it from darkness and preparing a space within which it could rise, etc. With India identified as the planet Mars, a strange series of astronomical events is implied. Pestilence- In this article we propose to expand the horizons of archaeoastronomy by exploring ancient beliefs associated with planets, gods and heroes. Throughout the ancient world, for no reason apparent to modern astronomers, the red planet [Mars] was consistently associated with death, pestilence and the onset of disease. Polar Configuration I- What is the basis of our [Velikovskian] confidence in myth? Can it ever be proven that myth is a reflection of unusual celestial events? ...a planetary assembly called the "polar configuration" once moved close to the Earth, dominating the sky of ancient star worshippers. Polar Configuration II- Our subject is an extraordinary period in Earth history and the history of man's prehistoric epoch dominated by profound and at times overwhelming cosmic events. The polar configuration involves a unique congregation of planets moving very close to the Earth some time before the dawn of civilization. Ship of Heaven- Long before the age of Latin poets and historians, however, the Sumerians and Babylonians celebrated the ship of the planet god Saturn. No one has yet offered a theory to account for the many unusual traits of this celestial vehicle, which is constantly invoked as a visible form moving across the waters of the sky. Tablets of Amhizaduga- The so-called Venus tablets of Ammizaduga have nothing to do either with Ammizaduga or with his times. But the two major purposes of the paper are, first, to examine some of the ways in which scholars have treated these tablets over the past century or so, and, second, to give you a progress report on the efforts to try to determine just which orbits of Venus and Earth would have produced the patterns of appearances that the ancient Venus-viewers say they saw. The Science Mafia Science Mafia- But it ['Worlds In Collision'] also quickly became the target of nearly universal abuse and derision. The Dallas News thought it was a Russian propaganda ploy. The Daily Worker saw in its popularity a sure sign of the dying days of bourgeois society. J.B.S. Haldane thought that the book was an attempt by the USA warmongers to soften us up for the atomic war they were preparing to launch! Censorship- In May, 1950, U of Michigan Astronomy Professor Dean B. McLaughlin blustered to Velikovsky's publishers: "...the promulgation of such lies, -yes, lies, as are contained in wholesale lots in 'Worlds in Collision'". and continues in the same letter: "No, I have not read the book. I have read the ballyhoo that preceded it..." Velikovsky's critics often resorted to much more than bluster in an attempt to keep his work from becoming part of the fabric of academic research. Ethics- Many writers have commented on the furor provoked by the publication of Velikovsky's 'Worlds in Collision' in 1950. The name of Dr. Harlow Shapley, then director of the Harvard Observatory, has arisen in connection with the unethical attempts to suppress the book and defame its author. Suppression- What was it about the impact of Velikovsky's work that earned him the active collaboration of numerous critics to programmatically ban his works from academic consideration and vilify his character so intensely? Does academia worry about Van Danniken or Sitchen or Willens to the the extent that they actively suppress the publication or distribution of their ideas? If Velikovsky was a crackpot, why were his theories considered to be such a danger to the scientific establishment? Shapley- Many writers have commented on the furor provoked by the publication of Velikovsky's 'Worlds In Collision' in 1950. The name of Dr. Harlow Shapley, then director of the Harvard Observatory, has arisen in connection with unethical attempts to suppress the book and defame its author. Carl Sagan- What appears to be obvious, at the outset, is that the ugly clannish passions of the scientific establishment have come to rule reasoned debate. The debate [the 1974 American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) symposium, organized by Carl Sagan to examine Velikovsky's theories] was not a debate. And as Sagan said, 'overly polite criticism' was not to be employed. > Back to top Kronia Group Home || Mission || Intro Tour || Newsletter || Products || Online Store || Contact Us || Mail List || Saturn Theory || Electric Universe || Events || Library || Thunderbolts || Links || Copyright 2001 Kronia Group. All rights reserved. || designed by kraylus ||