mirrored file at http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== 5 out of 5 stars We are all Sumerians, whether we know it or not., June 11, 2001 [69]Top 100 Reviewer Reviewer: [70]tepi (see more about me) from Saitama Japan Although I've been known to grumble at Kramer's dullness, the present book, far from being dull, ought to be of real interest to many. Professor Samuel Noah Kramer was the world's leading Sumerologist, but in this book he seems to have risen above the dry academic persona we find in some of his other books and allowed his love and enthusiasm for things Sumerian to show. Basically the book sets out to explain and describe, using extensive quotations from Sumerian Literature, what Kramer took to be thirty-nine civilizational firsts of the Sumerians. Many new archaeological discoveries have been made since the 3rd revised edition of 'History Begins at Sumer' was published in 1981, and current thinking seems to be leaning towards the view that, far from beginning in Sumer, civilization first arose further East in India. But whether it first began in Sumer or in India, since the Indus script hasn't yet been deciphered, and the Indians didn't write on imperishable clay tablets anyway, we have as yet no thirty-nine Vedic Indian firsts, and perhaps should give Kramer the benefit of the doubt and enjoy his splendid book. After a brief Introduction, the thirty-nine firsts follow. Mutterings have been heard about the 'pop' overtones of the term 'firsts,' but it seems to me an interesting way of treating Sumer's history, and the book, in my opinion, is far more successful at capturing and holding one's attention than Kramer's later and more conventional study, 'The Sumerians.' Most of the chapters are centered on a Sumerian text, some quite brief and others fairly long, which Kramer envelopes with his full and interesting commentary. Often we are given a line drawing of the actual cuneiform tablet from which the text was taken, and these have a special fascination all of their own. Besides the 28 line drawings, the book is further enriched with 34 halftones - sculptures, cuneiform tablets, stelae, artefacts, archaeological sites - which greatly add to the interest of the book. Among the firsts covered are such things as: The First Schools, The First Case of Juvenile Delinquency, The First "War of Nerves," The First Bicameral Congress, First Historian, The First Case of Tax Reduction, The First Legal Precedent, The First Pharmacopoeia, The First Moral Ideals, The First Animal Fables, The First Literary Debates, The First Love Song, The First Library Catalogue, The First "Sick" Society, The First Long-Distance Champion, The First Sex Symbolism, Labor's First Victory, and so on. Many of these and other chapters are memorable, and once having read them you'll never forget them. You'll never forget them because, in fact, they are about yourself. What I mean is that one of the more important things we learn from Kramer's fascinating book is that, whether we realize it or not, we are all, in a sense, Sumerians. The patterns that were perhaps first laid down in Sumer - urbanization, monumental architecture, kingship, writing system, distinct social classes, laws, lawyers, lawcourts, taxes, formal education, libraries, a regular army, organized warfare, labor disputes, etc. - are still very much with us today. We usually refer to the whole package as 'Civilization,' without realizing how indebted to the Sumerians we all are. Or are we? I say this because the second important thing I think we have to learn from Sumer, though it seems to have escaped most, including Kramer, is the simple fact that Civilization doesn't work. It doesn't work because 'Civilization' is a euphemism for exploitation. Sumer, after a relatively brief efflorescence, crashed in ruins. Here are a few lines from Kramer's 'Sumerian History, Culture and Literature': "In the course of centuries Sumer became a "sick society" ... it yearned for peace and was constantly at war; it professed such ideals as justice, equity and compassion, but abounded in injustice, inequality and oppression; materialistic and shortsighted, it unbalanced the ecology essential to its economy.... And so Sumer came to a cruel, tragic end" (in Diane Wolkstein and S. N. Kramer, 'Inanna - Queen of Heaven and Earth,' page 126). Perhaps the third and most important thing we can learn from 'History Begins at Sumer' is that, rather than persisting in this obviously unworkable and unjust and outmoded Sumerian pattern, we should be thinking about replacing it with a true civilization, one based not on the exploitation of one's fellow humans but devoted to realizing the full human potential of all men and women and children - a Civilization that would be about humans as humans, and not about humans as 'owners' and 'units of production.' But perhaps you'd better read Professor Kramer's fascinating and thought-provoking book, and then you can make up your own mind about all this. It's a book you won't easily forget. --This text refers to the [71]Paperback edition Was this review helpful to you? Yes No _________________________________________________________________ All Customer Reviews Average Customer Review: 5 out of 5 stars [72]Write an online review and share your thoughts with other customers. 10 of 19 people found the following review helpful: 5 out of 5 stars Enter Gilgamesh, September 13, 2000 [73]Top 500 Reviewer Reviewer: [74]John Landon (see more about me) from NYC, NY United States Our views of history have barely caught up with the archaeological revolution of the twentieth century. The sources of our traditions in Classical antiquity always had a murky prelude, the world of the Assyrians, a late Mesopotamia with an unknown provenance. And yet the sources of all this remained obscure, as if we had forgotten the Greeks behind the Romans. Now the full scope of the complete historical cycle of civilizations beginning in Sumer (and Egypt) has come into view throwing the whole of world history into its real pattern. For we see that the Sumerians were the real creators laying the foundations for what was to come. Our perceptions of the evolution of civilization have yet to catch up. --This text refers to the [75]Paperback edition Was this review helpful to you? Yes No 17 of 18 people found the following review helpful: 5 out of 5 stars An anthology of "firsts" in history, May 11, 2000 Reviewer: [76]Burak Eldem (see more about me) from Istanbul, Turkey We owe much of our knowledge on Ancient Sumerian civilization to Mr Samuel Kramer. As one of the specialists on Sumerian cuneiform and written culture, he traced the clay tablets of Ancient Mesopotamia in various places and brought together the parts of puzzles that belonged to very early Sumerian myths. In this legendary work, Mr Kramer presents us the "39 firsts" of history, including "The First Farmers Almanac", "The First Law Codes", "The First Noah", "The First Resurrection" and so on. The book does not follow a chronological order but presents the achievements of the Ancient Sumerians in an "item-by-item" basis. You not only learn the historical basics on Ancient Mesopotamia in various chapters of this brilliant work, but have fun by reading the fascinating original Sumerian myths, including "Inanna's voyage to the land of the dead". If you're into ancient history, this book should be on your "Top 10" list. If you need further reading from Mr Kramer, "Sumerian Mythology" may well follow the suit. --This text refers to the [77]Paperback edition Was this review helpful to you? Yes No _________________________________________________________________ Customers who bought titles by Samuel Noah Kramer also bought titles by these authors: * [78]Alexander Heidel * [79]Georges Roux * [80]Stephanie Dalley * [81]A. Leo Oppenheim * [82]Harriet E. W. Crawford [INLINE] [83]Explore similar authors _________________________________________________________________ So You'd Like To... * [84]read some books on the ancient Middle East: by [85]Jonathan Wiley, read a few of these * [86]take a peak inside my head? (part 4): by [87]Joshua Helmeke, "just a simple friend." * [88]So You'd Like to Become a Mythology Master: by [89]Jeremy & Amy Graham, Wiccan Teacher _________________________________________________________________ Listmania! * [90]Sumer for Beginners - Part II: A list by [91]tepi, Sumerophile * [92]Books I Want About History: A list by [93]sarahbearroberts, likes history * [94]Ancient Near East: A list by [95]holy_olio, black headed person _________________________________________________________________ Look for similar books by subject: Browse for [96]books in: * [97]Subjects > [98]History > [99]Ancient > [100]Assyria, Babylonia & Sumer Search for books by subject: [_] [101]Sumerians [_] [102]Ancient World History [_] [103]Sociology [_] [104]History [_] [105]Civilization Find books matching ALL checked subjects i.e., each book must be in subject 1 AND subject 2 AND ... _________________________________________________________________ Feedback * I have read this book, and I want to [106]review it. * [107]E-mail a friend about this book. * [108]Write a So You'd Like to... guide. * Is there a specific product you'd like us to sell? 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