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Eridu

Eridu (or Eridug) was an ancient city seven miles southwest of
[191]Ur. Eridu was the southernmost of the conglomeration of cities
that formed round temples, almost in sight of one another, in
[192]Sumer, southern [193]Mesopotamia. It was probably founded close
to the [194]Persian Gulf near the mouth of the [195]Euphrates river,
but with accumulation of silt at the shoreline over the millennia, the
remains of the city are now some distance from the gulf at Abu
Shahrain in [196]Iraq. [197]Archaeological investigations were carried
out in the 1940s. It appears that the earliest settlement was around
5000 BC. According to Oppenheim, "Eventually the entire south lapsed
into stagnation, abandoning the political initiative to the rulers of
the northern cities." and the city abandoned in 600 BC. In the
[198]Sumerian king list, Eridu is named as the city of the first
kings:

After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in
Eridug. In Eridug, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800
years. Alaljar ruled for 36000 years. 2 kings; they ruled for
64800 years. Then Eridug fell and the kingship was taken to
Bad-tibira.

The king list assigned particularly long rules to the kings who
preceded the "flood". Adapa, caretaker of Eridu, was an exorcist, with
mighty powers to combat the demons that bedeviled the Mesopotamian
imagination. He took his place among the apkallu the seven famous
sages. He was a mortal from a divine lineage, like many liminal Greek
heroes, who stood on the threshhold between the two worlds. When he
broke the wings of the South Wind that had overturned his fishing
boat, Adapa was called to account before Anu. Ea, his patron deity,
warned him not to partake of food or drink while he is in heaven, and
thus cheated Adapa of the immortality that would have been his. There
were jealous gods even outside Eden. In the court of [199]Assyria,
special physicians trained in the ancient lore of Eridu, far to the
south, predicted the course of disease from signs and portents on the
patient's body, which we must not too hastily connect with "symptoms"
in our world-picture, and they offered the appropriate incantations
and magical resources. In [200]Sumerian Mythology Eridu was the home
of the god [201]En.ki, the Sumerian counterpart of the water-god
[202]Ea. Like all the Sumerian and Babylonian gods, En.ki/Ea
originated as a local deity, who came to share, according to the later
cosmology, with [203]Anu and [204]Enlil, the rule of the cosmos. His
realm was the waters that surrounded the world and lay below it. 

External links

* [205]The Sumerian king list: translation
* [206]The History of the Ancient Near East

=References

A. Leo Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a dead
civilization,
_________________________________________________________________

Note: The [207]original source of this article can be found on the
main Wikipedia Web site.
This article is licensed under the [208]GNU Free Documentation
License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the
entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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