mirrored file at http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== chapter 12 The Sumerian king list The "real" timetable of Ancient history Updated and partly revised by the author. ______________________________________________________________ As mentioned in earlier chapters the Sumerians compiled a list that purported to show all the kings who ruled Sumer from Creation to the final Semitic conquest on about 2000 BCE. The Sumerian Kings List covers both "mythical" and historical times. In chapter 11 we could read the history and the timeline of the Sumerian period through the eyes of Scholars. In this chapter I will give my interpretation of the history of Mesopotamia with a lot of references to stories found on tablets in that area complete with the time I reconstructed in accordance to the already mentioned tablets and one tablet in particular, The Sumerian King list. Some early texts are the Sumerian King Lists, known in ancient times by the first line or the first few opening words: (Sumerian) nam.lugal meaning 'kingship' with lugal 'king', the sign nam introduces an abstract noun in Sumerian (and later in Akkadian compound logograms). Probably are the oldest lists composed in the 22nd century BCE but that is far from proven, many centuries after the times they refer to, but the date is far from proven because there are many of them even composed in earlier and in latter centuries during the Babylonian ages. The lists are copied by generations of scribes and standardized in this process until in the Old Babylonian time a canonical version exists extended with kings up to that time period. The Lists are first studied by Jacobsen and published in 1939. It is still a basic tool in studying the earliest history of Mesopotamia. Scholars believes that the lists sometimes contradicts other epic stories because certain kings should be contemporaneous, even when it don't show to do so in the King Lists, in my opinion is the reason simple, Scholars don't accept the long lifetime of these kings. We will see later in this chapter that the Epics don't conflict when you are willing to accept the lifetime of the early kings. ______________________________________________________________ A description in the Archaeology Odyssey, the sceptics of Scholars in accordance to the Sumerian King lists. Taken from [24]Archaeology Odyssey, May/June 2000. In the early 1900s, the colorful, cranky German-American scholar Hermann Hilprecht examined a 4,000-year-old cuneiform tablet that had been excavated at the site of ancient Nippur. What he held was the first fragment of the Sumerian King List an ancient Mesopotamian document claiming to identify every king in Sumerian history. Since Hilprecht's discovery, at least 18 other exemplars of the king list have been found, most of them dating from the second half of the Isin dynasty (c. 2017-1794 BCE.). No two of these documents, however, are identical. One of them, a so-called non-standard version, traces the origins of Sumerian kingship all the way back to the beginnings of human history and includes an account of a great flood (not unlike the biblical deluge). Other exemplars trace shorter periods of time or contain mere fragments of the king list. Still, there is enough common material in all 15 versions of the list to make it clear that they are derived from a single, "ideal" account of Sumerian history. The 8-inch-high Weld-Blundell prism--probably discovered during the 1921 excavation of Larsa, in southern Mesopotamia--is the most complete extant copy of the list. It begins: "When kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridu [the oldest of the Sumerian cities]." Then come the names and regnal years of each of the kings who ruled from that city. Most versions of the king list follow a similar narrative pattern in recording kings of the Sumerian city-states, some of which existed simultaneously. They state the name of an important Sumerian capital, supply a list of its rulers and then describe each royal dynasty's downfall: "[City A] was smitten with weapons; its kingship was carried to [city B]." Taken from [25]Archaeology Odyssey, July/August 2000. Unfortunately, for all their name-dropping, none of the extant lists provides completely reliable information about ancient Sumer. The reigns of many of the rulers cited are clearly fictitious. One very dedicated king, for example, is said to have ruled for over 43,000 years! In addition, only a few rulers of each dynasty are discussed in any detail, and only some of the rulers mentioned in the list can be found in other ancient sources. (One notable exception is the legendary warrior-king Gilgamesh, who appears in several versions of the list, as well as in numerous Sumerian stories.) Nevertheless, the king list does introduce some interesting and colorful characters, such as a female barkeep who was "king" of Kish for 100 years. Most scholars believe that the king list was really a work of political propaganda, designed to help the rulers of the Isin dynasty in their bid to take over southern Mesopotamia. By weaving all of the disparate, often competing dynasties of ancient Sumer into a single seamless narrative, the authors of the list were trying to suggest that the rulers of Isin were part of a long and illustrious royal heritage--one that could trace its lineage all the way back to the time when "kingship descended from heaven." Not a bad qualification for leadership, by anyone's reckoning. The commentator forgot to tell that there are much more tablets with Kings mentioned in the Sumerian King lists, for instance Enmerkar, Aga, En-men-barage-si and many, many other kings. The description of these kings you can read later in this chapter towards the dynasty they belonged to, including a reference to the tablets with their story. ______________________________________________________________ The Sumerian King list To view the original translation of the Sumerian king list you can open a new window if you like : [26]Sumerian King list In accordance to the Sumerian story there were 7 previous ages (time about 270,000 years) before the Great Flood. The early Sumerian king list names eight kings with a total of 241,200 years from the time when "the kingship was lowered from heaven" to the time when "the Flood" swept over the land and once more "the kingship was lowered from heaven" after the Flood. (Thorkild Jacobsen, The Sumerian King List, 1939, pp. 71, 77). In the lists Kingship is seen as a divine institution: it descended from heaven. The opening line of the text is: `When kingship was lowered from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug.' Because of this, kingship is seen as an institution that is shared by different cities. Each city takes its turn during a certain period. The Sumerian sign for 'government' or 'year(s) of government' is the same sign for 'turn', bala taken as loan word by the Akkadians as palu". It is written with the sign BAL which in later New Assyrian orthography is BAL . In Akkadian it is used as a logogram. The sign developed from a pictogram of the shuttle of a loom (the rotating part, to weave tissue, together with the determinative for 'wood' it still means 'shuttle of a loom') and was used for words meaning 'to rotate', 'turn' and thus also 'government'. About eight (in other versions ten) antediluvian kings are mentioned together with their periods of government. The first kings reigned in pre-historic times and lived for unbelievably long periods of time before the Flood. Added together they "would have" ruled for 241,200 years..... Scholars are aware that there is even a problem with the time the Kings lived and also which Kings eventually ruled together in different cities. We will see that they are wrong because only a few dynasties existed together but most of them followed after each other as the king list clearly describes. As I mentioned in chapter 11 scholars are unwilling to except the long lifetime of the first kings in this list and they say that the lifetime is purely fictitious but on the other hand most of them accept the long lifetime of the Earth-fathers in the Bible as true. I can't imagine that over a period of thousands of years in which several versions of the King list were written down all authors were propagandists. Do you belief that, I don't. Scholars composed their timeline because they read the King list with "Human eyes". Nevertheless most Scholars still believes in the long lifetime of the Earth-fathers in the Bible (Adam - Noah of about 900 years each). They accepts that as a fact but why not accept the timeline of the Sumerian King list as a fact ?. Another argument is, see also chapter 11, that Assyriology is a young science and its impossible that scholars can make a final conclusion that the time spans, mentioned in the King list, are based on fiction. During my study of the King list I encountered a problem regarding the time in which the kings ruled so I decided first to see if there are stories who could be linked to some kings and indeed I found some of them. Another problem was the timeline of the history written down in the lists. I concluded that the reconstruction was only possible when I made a calculation back in time. The time in which Ur-Nammu, the founder of the third dynasty of Ur, lived (2112 - 2094 BCE) is known and accepted by most Scholars. With this date in mind I could make a calculation back in time until the first kings of the King list. So I used the chronology of the Sumerian King back in time from King Ur-Nammu, the founder of the Ur III dynasty. Finally I accepted the times mentioned in the King list as the truth, including the years of reign of the early kings. With that in mind I make a calculation back in time until the date of the Great Flood and the date when the Kingship was lowered from Heaven for the first time. We will see also that the timeline of Scholars is based on the theory that most Dynasties in the Sumerian period existed at the same time but in my opinion that is most uncertain because the King list is very clear in it's explanation of, at least, the follow up of most Dynasties, nevertheless there is indeed prove that some of them existed at the same time. I am aware that some Dynasties indeed existed together, we can read that in some stories on tablets found in Mesopotamia but that thus not conclude all Dynasties existed in a few hundred years as we could read in chapter 11, in the timetable of scholars. That's, in my opinion, the problem why the timetable handed by Scholars is wrong. ______________________________________________________________ The real timeline of Mesopotamia We can't still imagine that man could live as long as written in the Sumerian King list but were they really man ?, No, they were not. In chapter 11 we could read already that the period in which modern men was created by the Gods can't fit in the period of the first eight Kings of the list. The conclusion therefore can be made that these Kings were at least Gods or Demi-Gods and they came from Heaven as clearly is written, further they ruled on Earth for a long time before the Flood. The first dynasties of Kic and Unug after the Flood, when the Kingship was lowered for the second time from Heaven, were also Gods and Dem-Gods and they ruled on Earth until historical times. Most of them for thousands of years and the "direct" offspring of these Gods for hundreds of years. Prove of that we can find in several stories of the Kings from Kic and Unug, see later in this chapter. The Sumerian tablets and the Bible as well are very clear about that but scholars don't believe in these stories as mentioned before, so they shrunk the rule-time of these ancient Kings to a period of 150 years for ALL dynasties. If you belief what is written in the Bible and read the chapters before you can conclude that the Earth-fathers from the Bible and the Gods of Mesopotamia lived for a long time and that a long lifetime was common at that time. With that in mind I made a timetable with the Kings mentioned in the Sumerian King list. As mentioned I made this calculation back in time from the time of King Ur-Nammu, the founder of the third dynasty of Ur, because most scholars are more or less sure that he ruled from 2,112 - 2,094 BCE. The reader can soon make the conclusion himself that the time in which the Flood took place must be placed much earlier in history then scholars learn us today. To make this conclusion together we will read the whole translation of the Sumerian King list, the original and oldest text, dated from about 2,000 BCE is colored green The, so called, Isin version dated from about 1,800 BCE colored purple and my additional comments colored brown. ______________________________________________________________ Kings before the Flood Rule of the Gods (Anunnaki) Kings in Heaven About 433,578 - 271,578 BCE. Alorus became king; he ruled for 162,000 years. Name Length Time Alorus 162,000 years 433517 - 271517 BCE Total 1 king; 162,000 years It's uncertain who the counterpart is of Alorus, some scholars presume that he is the same as Adam in the Bible. In my opinion he was a God, maybe another name for An or Anu. The First Dynasty on Earth The following ancient kings ruled successively from the five original pre-flood cities : Eridug, Bad-Tibira, Larag, Zimbir and Curuppag. Eridug (Eridu) About 271,578 - 206,778 BCE. Eridug, the first city mentioned, is the city of the water god Enki/Ea (one of the triad of Gods in the Sumerian pantheon, see chapter 9). It was probably situated in the extreme south of Mesopotamia near the sea or a lagoon. Probably Eri-dugga, "good city", at the mounds of Abu-Sharain but the exact location has never been found. According to some Sumerian traditions, Eridug was the first city built by man. It was the home of Adapa, the so-called Babylonian Adam. After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug. In Eridug. Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800 years. Alaljar ruled for 36000 years. See [27]The Eridu Genesis and [28]The lament of Eridug 2 kings; they ruled for 64800 years. They were called Kings from Heaven and they reigned for 64,800 years. Then Eridug fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira. Bad-tibira About 206778 - 98778 BCE A city probably located on the Sumerian Plain roughly between Ur and Lagash. Dumuzid was it's tutelary deity. The exact location of the city has never been found. In Bad-tibira, En-men-lu-ana ruled for 43200 years. En-men-gal-ana ruled for 28800 years. Dumuzid, the shepherd, ruled for 36000 years. See [29]Nanna-Suen's journey to Nibru and [30]Dumuzid and Geshtinnana 3 kings; they ruled for 108000 years. Then Bad-tibira fell and the kingship was taken to Larag. Larag (Larak) About 98778 - 68978 BCE. The location of Larag has not been positively identified, but is believed to have been on the Tigris, east of Kic (Kish). The city was dedicated to Pabilsag, the god of trees. Even as Eridug and Bad-tibira the exact location of the city has never been found. In Larag, En-sipad-zid-ana ruled for 28800 years. See also [31]Pabilsaj journey to Nibru 1 king; ruled for 28800 years. Then Larag fell and the kingship was taken to Zimbir. Zimbir (Sippar) About 69978 - 48978 BCE. Sippar's tutelary deity was Utu (Semitic Shamash), the sun-god and the god of justice. It is said that the secrets of divination were shown to a king of Sippar, also by divine revelation. Gods make their will, intentions and answers known to the people by supernatural means: numerous omens and signs that needed explanation. The exegesis of omens was seen as a discipline (`science') to inquire the gods. It was an official institution, used by the king to collect information. No decision of any importance was taken without proper consulting. The sun god Utu is in particular connected with the discipline of divination. He is in a position to oversee everything, so also the future. It was probably the most northern of the Sumerian cities But also as all cities before the exact location has never been found. In Zimbir, En-men-dur-ana became king; he ruled for 21000 years. 1 king; ruled for 21000 years. Then Zimbir fell and the kingship was taken to Curuppag. Curuppag (Shuruppak, Uruppak) About 48978 - 30378 BCE Curuppag is probably a city on the banks of the Euphrates, near modern Fara The exact location has never been found either. The last king of Curuppag was the hero in the Flood story Ziusudra, the Sumerian Noah. He was a prince or noble of the town, possibly the son of Ubara-tutu. It is also possible that he did rule as king. Shuruppak was dedicated to Ansud, the goddess of grain. She was also known as Sud and as Enlil's consort Ninlil. In Curuppag, Ubara-Tutu became king; he ruled for 18600 years. See also [32]The instructions of Shuruppag 1 king; ruled for 18600 years. In 5 cities 8 kings; they ruled for 241200 years. Then the flood swept over. See [33]The Sumerian flood Story The attended reader have already mentioned that ALL cities from before the Flood are still not found and never will be found because they are destroyed due to catastrophic occurrences shortly before and during the Flood. ______________________________________________________________ Antediluvian period Nr. King Name City of Rule Length of Rule Sar / Ner * Begin / end of rule before the Flood - Alorus Heaven 162,000 45 -432000 - Total - 162000 45 -270000 1 Alulim Eridug 28,800 8 -270000 2 Alaljar Eridug 36,000 10 -241200 1 Eridug - 64,800 18 -205200 3 En-men-lu-ana Bad-Tibira 43,200 12 -205200 4 En-men-gal-ana Bad-Tibira 28,800 8 -162000 5 Dumuzid Bad-Tibira 36,000 10 -133200 2 Bad-Tibira - 108,000 30 -97200 6 En-sipad-zid-ana Larag 28,800 8 -97200 3 Larag - 28,800 8 -68400 7 En-men-dur-ana Zimbir 21,000 5 (5 Ner) -68400 4 Zimbir - 21,000 5 (5 Ner) -47400 8 Ubara-Tutu Curuppag 18,600 5 (1 Ner) -47400 5 Curuppag - 18,600 5 (1 Ner) --28800 - Total 5 Cities - 241,200 67 -28800 9 Uta-Napishtim ? - 28,800 8 -28800 - Total - 270,000 75 0 - G. Total - 432,000 120 0 * 1 Sar = 3,600 years, 1 Ner = 600 years. These Kings represented the five cities before the Great Flood. Eridug or Eridu Bad-tibira Larag or Larak Zimbir or Sippar Curuppag or Shuruppak While in Eridu Kings from Heaven reigned for 64,800 years before the Flood. Together they ruled for 432,000 years before the Flood (120 Sar) Table of the first kingship on Earth Sumerian Name City Length Time Alulim Eridu 28,800 years 271578 - 242778 BCE Alaljar Eridu 36,000 years 242778 - 206778 BCE En-men-lu-ana Bad-Tibira 43,200 years 206778 - 163578 BCE En-men-gal-ana Bad-Tibira 28,800 years 163578 - 134778 BCE Dumuzid Bad-Tibira 36,000 years 134778 - 98778 BCE En-sipad-zid-ana Larag 28,800 years 98778 - 69978 BCE En-men-dur-ana Zimbir 21,000 years 69978 - 48978 BCE Ubara-Tutu Curuppag 18,600 years 48978 - 30378 BCE Total 8 kings 5 cities 241,200 years The Flood took place about 30,378 BCE. Most scholars don't think there is any similarity with the Bible because the Earth-fathers before the flood counted 10 rulers from Adam to Noah. What they overlooked is the fact that not All of them could have ruled because they succeeded their father after his dead. So one earth-father can be crossed out as ruler namely Lamech, the father of Noah because he died 5 years BEFORE Methuselah. With that in mind we have only to place 9 earth-fathers in the list of successors. Further it's uncertain that Enoch ruled himself because he disappeared during the rule time of Seth. So finally we have only to count 8 rules before the flood. You see that also the Bible counts at last also 8 rules and not 10 as most scholars think. (See the [34]Generation table of the Bible) When we look at the above table we can try if there is a similarity with the Earth-fathers in the Bible. Sumerian king list in acc. to the Bible. King list King list Bible Bible Alulim 28,800 years Seth 112 years Alaljar 36,000 years Enos 98 years En-men-lu-ana 43,200 years Cainan 95 years En-men-gal-ana 28,800 years Mahalaleel 55 years Dumuzid 36,000 years Yared 132 years En-sipad-zid-ana 28,800 years Enoch 0 years En-men-dur-ana 21,000 years Methuselah 234 years Ubara-Tutu 18,600 years Lamech 0 years Total 241,200 years 726 years As you can see there is no logical similarity between the king list and the Bible but that thus not prove that some or all of the pre-diluvium kings can be identified with the Earth-fathers. The timeline used in the Bible is often discussed as pure fiction too. My conclusion is that the first 8 kings in the Sumerian king list can't be identified with the Earth-fathers from Adam to Noah. ______________________________________________________________ [INLINE] Map of the Sumerian Cities and possible locations of the Antediluvian cities ______________________________________________________________ After the flood the Gods came back to Earth and build a "new" home for themselves called : Nippur It is possible that the place where Nippur was build was the location of the Antediluvian city of Zimbir Nippur was the religious capital of Sumer and holy for the Sumerians, being the home of the supreme god Enlil on Earth. Some of the believers in an archaic democracy think that Nippur was a sort of "federal capital" with delegates from every city going there to elect a king in times of war. The house of Enlil was called "Duranki", the "temple" of Enlil was called "E-kur". In later chapter about Nibiru I will explain more details about the so named "E-kur" As long as the Gods were on Earth Nippur was a forbidden zone for Humans. ______________________________________________________________ Kings after the Flood The Lesser Gods (Igigi) period After the flood had swept over, and the kingship had descended from heaven, the kingship was in Kic. The First Dynasty of Kic About 30378 - 5868 BCE. Kic or Kish is most likely the same as Nibru, the city mentioned in a lot of Sumerian tablets it is also possible that Nibru and Nippur are the same city but that is not proven yet. Kish was the first city to gain control "after the deluge" gaining overlord ship over all of Sumer. Sumer was unified in name, with all the city-states recognizing Kish as their overlord, in words if not in deeds. In fact, each city was independent and usually merely paid Kish lip service and the occasional tribute. Later kings used the title "King of Kish" to legitimize their rule. King of Kish came to mean imperial control or overlord ship. The King of Kish seems to have been given the control of Nippur by default. This looks not so strange as we will see later. The tutelary deity of Kish was Zababa, the warrior god, another name for Ninurta (Ningirsu) (Ninurta was the God Yahweh in the Bible and the God who destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah in later times, see later chapter 13). All the kings of the period from the flood to historical age ruled in Kish. About half of them have Semitic names, meaning that Semites were established in Sumer, or at least the northern part, even at this ancient date and that not all interaction between the two groups was hostile. There is reason to believe that the kings were historical. In Kic, Jucur Gaur became king; he ruled for 1200 years. Kullassina-bel Gulla-Nidaba-annapad ruled for 960 years. Nanjiclicma Palakinatim ruled for 6700 900 years. En-tarah-ana ruled for Nangishkushma 420 670 years ..., 3 months, and 3 1/2 days. Babum ......Bahina ruled for 300 years. Puannum Buanum ruled for 840 years. Kalibum Kalibum ruled for 960 years. Kalumum Galumum ruled for 840 years. Zuqaqip Zukakip ruled for 900 years. Atab Atab ruled for 600 years. Macda Mashda , the son of Atab, ruled for 840 years. Arwium Arurim , the son of Macda, ruled for 720 years. Etana Etana , the shepherd, who ascended to heaven and consolidated all the foreign countries, became king; he ruled for 1500 1560 years. See also [35]The Myth of Etana Balih Balih , the son of Etana, ruled for 400 years. En-me-nuna Enmenunna ruled for 660 years. Melem-Kic Melam-Kish , the son of En-me-nuna, ruled for 900 years. 1560 are the years of the dynasty of En-me-nuna Barsal-nuna Barsalnunna , the son of En-me-nuna, ruled for 1200 years. Zamug Meszamug , the son of Barsal-nuna, ruled for 140 years. Tizqar Tizkar , the son of Zamug, ruled for 305 years. Ilcu Ilku , ruled for 900 years. Iltasadum Iltasadum ruled for 1200 years. The last two God kings of Kic ruled in the same time as the First Dynasty of Unug (Uruk), the half Gods. They were : En-men-barage-si Enmebaraggesi , who made the land of Elam submit, became king; he ruled for 900 years. Aga Agga , the son of En-men-barage-si, ruled for 625 years. See also [36]The history of the Tummal and [37]Enmerkar and the lord of Aratta. En-men-barage-si was captured by Dumuzid the fisherman, the king of Kuara * * We can make a calculation of the dates of all kings above because we know when Gilgamesh ( 6105-5979 BCE) lived (see the story later). When we read [38]The history of Tummal we have proof that En-men-barage-si, the king, built the Iri-nanam in Enlil's temple. Aga, son of En-me-barage-si, made the Tummal flourish and brought Ninlil (the spouse of Enlil) into the Tummal. Then the Tummal fell into ruins for the first time (War between the Gods and Half-Gods). When we read the story of [39]Gilgamesh and Aga we have proof that Aga and Gilgamesh lived at the same time because Aga came from Kic to Gilgamesh at Unug to ask him to finish digging wells together. Gilgamesh first refuse and made war with Aga. Gilgamesh is victorious but set Aga free to go back to Kic. 23 kings they ruled for 24510 years, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days. Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to E-ana. All told, twenty-three kings ruled a total of 24,510 years, 3 months and 3½ days before Kish was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Eanna. The attended reader have already noticed that both king list differs in the rule time of some kings but both lists have the same total time span of the Dynasty. All above Kings were Gods and Children of Gods Because of the fights between the Gods and the Half-Gods on Earth at that period the Gods decided to retrieve in the background and called the Gods on Earth back to E-ana, the home base of the Gods. (E-ana was by the Sumerians called "the house of the Gods", lowered down from heaven, a "cloudbank" resting on the earth). This so named "cloudbank" was in my theory a space shuttle, a spaceship with as home base the mother ship or planet "Nibiru" (see chapter 13) The Gods had afterwards a long time a control function on the Earthly half-Gods and their children. This is the period in which religion by Humans was born. Table of the first kingship of Kic Name Length Time Jucur 1,200 years 30378 - 29178 BCE Kullassina-bel 960 years 29178 - 28218 BCE Nanjiclicma 6700 years 28218 - 21518 BCE En-tarah-ana 420 years 21518 - 21098 BCE Babum 300 years 21098 - 20798 BCE Puannum 840 years 20798 - 19958 BCE Kalibum 960 years 19958 - 18998 BCE Kalumum 840 years 18998 - 18158 BCE Zuqaqip/b 900 years 18158 - 17258 BCE Atab 600 years 17258 - 16658 BCE Macda 840 years 16658 - 15818 BCE Arwium 720 years 15818 - 15098 BCE Etana (the shepherd) 1,500 years 15098 - 13598 BCE Baliih 400 years 13598 - 13198 BCE En-me-nuna 660 years 13198 - 12538 BCE Melem-Kic 900 years 12538 - 11638 BCE Barsal-nuna 1,200 years 11638 - 10438 BCE Zamug 640 years 10438 - 9798 BCE Tizqar 305 years 9798 - 9493 BCE Ilku 900 years 9493 - 8593 BCE Iltasadum 1,200 years 8593 - 7393 BCE En-men-barage-si 900 years 7393 - 6493 BCE Aga 625 years 6493 - 5868 BCE Total: 23 kings; 24,510 years ______________________________________________________________ The period of the Half-Gods , in the Bible mentioned the Children of God. The First Dynasty of Unug (Uruk) About 6850 - 4561 BCE In my opinion was Unug build by mission of the Gods to separate the Godly city of Kic from their offspring with Humans and the Sons of Gods. The Gods of Kic and their offspring dwelled there until they finally were defeated by Sargon I in 2,461 BCE. Scholars believe that Unug originally was named E-ana. This misunderstanding was in my opinion clear because the temple in Unug, dedicated to An, had the same name. The first king of Unug (Mec-ki-aj-gacer) was the builder of the city. Enmerkar, his son, build a wall around the city of Unug in the time there were several Wars between the Gods and the Sons of Gods. Maybe that's the reason why Uruk had two patron deities, the heaven god An and the fertility goddess Inanna (Ishtar). The oldest known writing was found in the temples at Uruk. The kings of Unug eventually overthrow Kic and took or used the title of King of Kish. As I mentioned already, the first five Kings ruled together with at least the last two kings of the First Godly Kingship of Kic. In E-ana, t he son of Utu, Mec-ki-aj-gacer Meskiaggasher became lord and king; he ruled for 324 years. Mec-ki-aj-gacer entered the sea and disappeared. The attended reader could have seen already that the first dynasty of Unug starts from the house of the Gods "E-ana". Is it possible that Mec-ki-aj-gacer was chosen by the Gods to build a city on Earth again (after the War of the Gods) to separate the Gods in Kic from the Half-Gods and the Children of God and Men ?. Could it be possible that he is the same as the Biblical Enoch ?. If this is the truth then Utu, the Sun God, must be the same as the father of Enoch, namely Yared and Enmerkar must be the same as Methuselah. In that case the writers of The Bible mixed up the names of the Earth-fathers because Noah lived long before Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the Enoch of the Bible. It is far from proven but it is still a possibility. Enmerkar, the son of Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the king of Unug, who built Unug, became king; he ruled for 420 years. Se also [40]Enmerkar and En-sughgir-ana and [41]Enmerkar and the lord of Aratta Aratta was a city, city-state, or country with which Sumerians had close trade and religious ties. Its location is not known (probably Armenia, Iran or India but in my opinion most likely Harappa in India. Lugalbanda, the shepherd, ruled for 1200 years. In my opinion was Lugalbanda not a King of the first dynasty of Unug because the Kinglist describes clearly that he was Lord of Kulaba. See also [42]Lugulbanda and [43]Lugulbanda and the mountain cave Dumuzid, the fisherman, whose city was Kuara, ruled for 100 years, He captured En-men-barage-si single-handed. Even as Lugalbanda was Dumuzid not a King of the first dynasty of Unug but King of Kuara (probably a city nearby or in Iran or India, In my opinion the city was Mohenjo-daro, the twin city of Harappa, in the Indus valley. Dumuzid captured En-men-barage-si, the 22nd Godly King of the first Dynasty of Kic (Kish), so he was strong enough to capture a God, that's prove that he was at least a half-God himself. Because of that we know the date when En-men-barage-si lived, namely on about 6200 BCE. Another prove of the time in which they lived, Gilgamesh made war with Aga, the son of En-men-barage-si, so they must have lived at the same time. Further is here another prove that at that time there was struggle (War) between the Gods and the Sons of God. Gilgamesh became king of Unug about 6105 BCE. Gilgamec, whose father was a phantom, the lord of Kulaba, ruled for 126 years. In the poems of Gilgamesh is spoken that he was 2/3 God and 1/3 Human, he was the son of the Goddess Ninsun and Lugalbanda (a son of the Gods himself). In accordance to the timeline of Scholars Gilgamesh lived about 2700 BCE, a hole of about 3,400 years with the timeline of the Sumerian King list. For some Scholars the time stood still for about 3,400 years because they place the rule of these four Kings on about 2650 BCE. A strange phenomenon is also that, in the timetable of most Scholars, Gilgamec (about 2650 BCE) should be nearly a time mate of Sargon I (2450 BCE, the founder of the dynasty of Agade (Akkad)), can you believe that, I don't and there is enough prove for that. Ur-Nungal, the son of Gilgamec, ruled for 30 years. Udul-kalama, the son of Ur-Nungal ruled for 15 years. La-ba-cum Labasher ruled for 9 years. En-nun-tarah-ana Ennundaranna ruled for 8 years. Mec-he Meshede , the smith, ruled for 36 years. Melem-ana ruled for 6 years. Lugal-kitun (?) Lugalkidul ruled for 36 years. 12 kings; they ruled for 2310 years. Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim. All told, twelve kings ruled a total of 2,310 years in Uruk before Uruk was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Ur. Table of the first dynasty of Unug Name Length Time Mec-ki-aj-gacir, who build Unug 325 years 6850 - 6525 BCE Enmerkar 420 years 6525 - 6105 BCE Lugalbanda (the shepherd), Lord of Kulaba * 1,200 years about 6500 BCE Dumuzid (the fisherman), King of Kuara * 100 years about 6200 BCE Gilgamec lord of Unug 126 years 6105 - 5979 BCE Ur-lungal 30 years 5979 - 5949 BCE Udul-kalama 15 years 5949 - 5934 BCE La-ba'cum 9 years 5934 - 5925 BCE En-nun-tarah-ana 8 years 5925 - 5917 BCE Mec-he (the smith) 36 years 5917 - 5881 BCE Melem-anna 900 years 5881 - 4981 BCE Lugal-kitun 420 years 4981 - 4561 BCE Total: 12 kings; 2,310 years * see the notes by the explanation of the kings above. Even when Lugalbanda and Dumuzid belonged to the dynasty of that will not have any impact on the timeline and the arguments as mentioned above because the dynasty of Kic (the Godly dynasty) existed together with most other dynasties in Sumer. ______________________________________________________________ The second period of the Half-Gods , in the Bible mentioned the Children of God. The Pre-Sumerian period The First Dynasty of Urim (Ur) About 4561 - 4384 BCE The tutelary deity of Urim was Nanna, the moon god. Cylinder seals from the "Royal" Cemetery of Ur with the inscriptions "Meskalamdug, King " and one with "Akalamdug, King of Ur" have been found. Neither name is in the Sumerian Kings List. Since seal impressions with the inscription "Mec-ana-pada" were recovered above the area, it is probable, but not certain, that they preceded him. Their rule has been called Dynasty 0. The Cemetery dates from before Mec-ana-pada and was so lavish that it must have been for royalty. There were at least 17 tombs and 15 of them were found with between 3 and 74 attendants, mostly female, buried with them. Nowhere else in Mesopotamia has human sacrifice in tombs been found and there is no mention of it in any text, but it must have been an important rite in archaic Ur. The practice was probably similar to Egyptian rites where the kings were considered gods or at least earthly representations of them, and as such were entitled to take their servants with them. No proof has been found that any other city had such a dominant and powerful conception of kings, and in fact the kings of 1st Dynasty did not. Most Scholars identify Urim as the city called Erech in the Bible but that is not proven yet. The strange excavations in "Urim" makes it possible that these were two different cities. "Ur of the Chaldeans" (the city of Abraham (about 2,100 BCE) in the Bible) can be the same as Urim but that is also not proven yet. The Chaldeans conquered the Babylonians much later in history, in the sixth century BCE. Note : It is obvious that the time in which the story of Abraham was written or rewritten must be placed about 600 BCE because the writer calls Ur "Ur of the Chaldeans". The Chaldeans, a Semitic people, flourished in the period (612-539 BCE). Here is prove again that Genesis was written or rewritten in this period and not during the time of Moses, who is mentioned as the writer of the Pentateuch. In Urim, Mec-Ane-pada Mesannepadda became king; he ruled for 80 ? years. Mec-ki-aj-Nanna Meskiagnunna the son of Mec-Ane-pada, became king; he ruled for 36 years. Elulu ruled for 25 years. Balulu ruled for 36 years. 4 kings; they ruled for 177 years. Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan. All told, four kings ruled a total of 177 years before Ur was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Awan. Table of the first dynasty of Urim Name Length Time Mec-ane-padda 80 years 4561 - 4481 BCE Mec-ki-aj-Nanna 36 years 4481 - 4445 BCE Elulu 25 years 4445 - 4420 BCE Balulu 36 years 4420 - 4384 BCE Total: 4 kings; 177 years ______________________________________________________________ The Dynasty of Awan the first Elamite dynasty About 4384 - 4028 BCE An Elamite city-state probably in Elam or near Susa in the southwest of Iran. The bitter struggle between Kic, Unug and Urim for control of Sumer must have weakened them because we now have the first foreign occupation of the land. In Awan, ...... became king; he ruled for ...... years. ...... ruled for ...... years. ...... ruled for 36 years. The text on the Tablet is here unreadable. 3 kings; they ruled for 356 years. Then Awan was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic. All told, three kings ruled a total of 356 years before Awan was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Kish. Table of the dynasty of Awan Name Length Time ? Peli 160 4384 - ? Tata 160 ? Ukkutahesh 36 - 4028 BCE Total: 3 kings; 356 years ______________________________________________________________ The second period of the Half-Gods , in the Bible mentioned the Children of God. The Second Dynasty of Kic About 5868 - 2673 BCE. In Kic, Susuda, the fuller, became king; he ruled for 201 years. Dadasig ruled for 81 ? years. Mamagal, the boatman, ruled for 360 420 years. Kalbum, the son of Mamagal ruled for 195 132 years. Tuge (?) ruled for 360 years. Men-nuna, the son of Tuge (?), ruled for 180 years. ..... Lugalmu ruled for 290 420 years. Lugalju Ibbi-Ea ruled for 360 290 years. The text on the Tablet is here partly unreadable. 8 kings; they ruled for 3195 years. Prove again that Scholars don't believe in a long lifetime and that's why they changed the timeline without any authorization in acc. to the King list to about (again) 2550-2400 BCE, there is no evidence what's so ever why the Sumerian King list should be wrong with the rule length of these Kings. Why most of them believe the story in the Bible about the age of the Earth-fathers and not what is written in the Sumerian King list ?, maybe the reader can give that answer. Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Hamazi. All told, eight kings ruled a total of 3,195 before Kish was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Hamazi. Again there is a difference in the rule time of some Kings but their total dynasty was the same. Table of the second dynasty of Kic Name Length Time Susuda the fuller 201 years 5868 - 5668 BCE Dadasig 1,310 years 5668 - 4358 BCE Mamagal (the boats man) 360 years 4358 - 3998 BCE Kalbum 195 years 3998 - 3803 BCE Tuge 300 years 3803 - 3503 BCE Men-Nuna 180 years 3503 - 3323 BCE ? Inbi Istar 290 years 3323 - 3033 BCE Lugalju 360 years 3033 - 2673 BCE Total: 8 kings; 3,195 years ______________________________________________________________ A separate period of the Half-Gods , in the Bible mentioned the Children of God. The Dynasty of Hamazi The second Elamite dynasty About 4028 - 3668 BCE An Elamite state. The second foreign power to rule in Sumer. In Hamazi, Hadanic became king; he ruled for 360 years. 1 king; ruled for 360 years. Not in the list of most Scholars, rule time to long ??? Then Hamazi was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug. After kingship was brought to Hamazi, Hadanish ruled 360 years before Hamazi was defeated and its kingship carried off to Uruk. Table of the dynasty of Hamazi Name Length Time Hadanic 360 years 4028 - 3668 BCE Total: 1 king; 360 years ______________________________________________________________ The Sumerian period The second period of the first Human and the last generations of the Sons of the Gods. The Second Dynasty of Unug About 3668 - 3481 BCE Not in the list of most Scholars, rule time to long ??? In Unug, En-cakanca-ana Enshakanshanna became king; he ruled for 60 years. Lugal-ure ruled for 120 years. Argandea ruled for 7 years. 3 kings; they ruled for 187 years. Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim. All told, three kings ruled a total of 187 years before Uruk was defeated and its kingship carried off to Ur. Table of the second dynasty of Unug Name Length Time En-cakanca-ana 60 years 3668 - 3608 BCE Lugal-ure 120 years 3608 - 3488 BCE Argandea 7 years 3488 - 3481 BCE Total: 3 kings; 187 years ______________________________________________________________ The last period of the first Human and the last generations of the Sons of the Gods. The Second Dynasty of Urim About 3481 - 2899 BCE See also [44]The history of Tummal Nani became king; he ruled for 120 years. Mec-ki-aj-Nanna Meshkiagnanna , the son of Nani, ruled for 48 years. ......, the son (?) of ......, ruled for ... years. The text on the Tablet is here partly unreadable. Not in the list of most Scholars, rule time to long ??? 3 kings; they ruled for 582 years. Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Adab. All told, four kings ruled a total of 116 (?) years before Ur was defeated and its kingship carried off to Adab. Here is the first important difference between the two lists. The oldest 3 kings with a total of 582 years and the Isin list at total of 4 kings and probably 116 years. If this dynasty lasted shorter then the oldest list tells us than all dynasties before can be placed 400 years later. Except for the dynasty of Kish because this Godly dynasty existed during all the others. As said it has no impact on the timeline to the Flood and the timeline before the Flood, Table of the second dynasty of Urim Name Length Time Nami 120 years 3481 - 3361 BCE Mec-ki-aj-Nanna 48 years 3361 - 3313 BCE ? 414 ? years 3313 - 2899 BCE Total: 3 kings; 582 years ______________________________________________________________ The Dynasty of Adab About 2899 - 2809 BCE Ancient Sumerian city located south of Nippur (modern Niffer or Nuffar), Iraq. Excavations (1903-04) carried out by the American archaeologist Edgar James Banks. An important city up to the Sargonic Period. The last mention of it may have been under Hammurabi. The city was dedicated to the Goddess Ninhursag. See also [45]Three ox drivers from Adab Lugal-Ane-mundu became king; he ruled for 90 years. 1 king; ruled for 90 years. Then Adab was defeated and the kingship was taken to Mari. After kingship was brought to Adab, Lugalannemundu ruled 90 years before Adab was defeated and its kingship carried off to Mari. Table of the dynasty of Adab Name Length Time Lugal-Ane-mundu 90 years 2899 - 2809 BCE Total: 1 king; 90 years ______________________________________________________________ The Dynasty of Mari About 2809 - 2673 BCE An ancient and important kingdom on the western bank of the Euphrates which flourished in the 3rd millennium BC. Mari was the capital of the 10th dynasty after the flood. Excavations revealed the remains of a 300 room palace, with a great library stacked with 20,000 cuneiform tablets. In the timetable of some Scholars this dynasty is missing, the reason is for me unclear because it exists in the King list. In Mari, Anbu (?) Ilshu became king; he ruled for 30 years. Anba (?), the son of Anbu (?), ruled for 17 years. Bazi, the leatherworker, ruled for 30 years. Zizi, the fuller, ruled for 20 years. Limer, the gudu priest, ruled for 30 years. Carrum-iter Sharrumiter ruled for 9 years. 6 kings; they ruled for 136 years. Then Mari was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic. All told, six kings ruled a total of 136 years before Mari was defeated and its kingship carried off to Kish. Table of the dynasty of Mari Name Length Time Anbu 30 years 2809 - 2779 BCE Anba 17 years 2779 - 2762 BCE Bazi (the leatherworker) 30 years 2762 - 2732 BCE Zizi (the fuller) 20 years 2732 - 2712 BCE Limer (the gudu priest) 30 years 2712 - 2682 BCE Carrum-iter 9 years 2682 - 2673 BCE Total: 6 kings; 136 years ______________________________________________________________ The Dynasty of Akcak About 2660 - 2561 BCE The reason why this dynasty existed is unclear, maybe some leaders did not accept a women as King (Kug-Bau) and part of the country created a Kingdom themselves. This dynasty existed during the third and the fourth dynasty of Kic (see next). See also : [46]The Heron and the turtle Unzi became king; he ruled for 30 years. Undalulu ruled for 6 12 years. Urur ruled for 6 years. Puzur-Nirah ruled for 20 years. Icu-Il ruled for 24 years. Cu-Suen Shu-Sin , the son of Icu-Il, ruled for 7 years. 6 kings; they ruled for 99 years. Then Akcak was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic. All told, six kings ruled for a total of 99 years before Akshak was defeated and its kingship carried off to Kish. Table of the dynasty of Akcak Name Length Time Unzi 30 years 2660 - 2630 BCE Undalulu 6 years 2630 - 2626 BCE Urur 6 years 2626 - 2620 BCE Puzur-Nirah 20 years 2620 - 2599 BCE Icu-Il 24 years 2599 - 2575 BCE Cu-Suen 14 years 2575 - 2561 BCE Total: 6 kings; 99 years ______________________________________________________________ The last period of the Half-Gods , in the Bible mentioned the Children of God. The Third and Fourth Dynasty of Kic About 2673 - 2461 BCE. In Kic, Kug-Bau, also called Ku-Baba, the woman tavern-keeper, who made firm the foundations of Kic, became king; she ruled for 100 years. After kingship was brought back to Kish again, Ku-Bau, the innkeeper, she who made firm the foundations of Kish, ruled for 100 years as `king' before Kish was defeated and its kingship carried off to Akshak. See also [47]Adab for Bau to Luma and [48]A tigi for Bau to Gudea 1 king; ruled for 100 years. In Kic, Puzur-Suen Puzur-Sin , the son of Kug-Bau, became king; he ruled for 25 years. Ur-Zababa, the son of Puzur-Suen, ruled for 6 400 years. 131 are the years of the dynasty of Kug-Bau. In the King list the dynasty of Ackak lies between the reign of Kug-Bau and her son Puzur-Suen but the list is clear that here is spoken of 1 dynasty. Zimudar Simudarra ruled for 30 years. Uni-watar Usiwatar , the son of Zimudar ruled for 7 years. Ectar-muti Ishtar-muti ruled for 11 years. Icme-Camac Ishme-Shamash ruled for 11 years. Cu-ilicu ruled for 15 years. Nanniya Nannia , the jeweller, ruled for 7 years. 7 kings; they ruled for (4)91 years. Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug. All told, seven kings ruled 491 years before Kish was defeated and its kingship carried off to Uruk. The counted difference of about 450 years by the second dynasty of Urim is here nearly equalized. Table of the third and fourth dynasty of Kic Name Length Time Kug-Bau (woman tavern keeper) 100 years 2673 - 2573 BCE Puzur-Suen 25 years 2573 - 2548 BCE Ur-zababa 6 years 2548 - 2542 BCE Zimudar 30 years 2542 - 2512 BCE Ui-watar 7 years 2512 - 2505 BCE Ectar-muti 11 years 2505 - 2494 BCE Icme- Camac 11 years 2494 - 2483 BCE Cu-ilicu 15 years 2483 - 2468 BCE Nanniya (the jeweller) 7 years 2468 - 2461 BCE Total: 8 kings; 212 years The Kings of the fourth (the last) dynasty of Kic were so far degenerated from their ancestors, the Sons of Gods, that the Akkadians (Sargon I) could conquer them and established a new empire called the Akkadian period. ______________________________________________________________ The Third Dynasty of Unug About 2486 - 2461 BCE. In Unug, Lugal-zage-si became king; he ruled for 25 years. 1 king; ruled for 25 years. Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Agade. After kingship was brought back to Uruk, Lugalzaggesi ruled for 25 years before Uruk was defeated and its kingship carried off to Agade. Table of the third dynasty of Unug Name Length Time Lugal-zage-si 25 years 2486 - 2461 BCE Total: 1 king; 25 years The Kings of the third (the last) dynasty of Unug were also so far degenerated from their ancestors, the Sons of Gods, that the Akkadians (Sargon I) could conquer them also, even as the Godly dynasties of Kic. ______________________________________________________________ The Akkadian period The city is called Akkad in the Bible, hence the name of the empire and the language. Sargon established it as his capital. It was destroyed when the dynasty was overthrown and was never inhabited again. It's location has never has been found. We do know that it was in the general vicinity of Babylon. Some scholars have speculated that it may even be under Babylon itself. Akkad's tutelary deity was Ishtar. The Dynasty of Agade (Akkad) About 2461 - 2264 BCE. SARGON OF AKKAD, ancient Mesopotamian ruler one of the earliest of the world's great empire builders, conquering all of southern Mesopotamia as well as parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam (western Iran). He established the region's first Semitic dynasty and was considered the founder of the Mesopotamian military tradition. His Akkadian name, Sharrum-kin, means "the true or legitimate king," In Agade, Sargon, whose father was a gardener, the cupbearer of Ur-Zababa, ( the third King of the fourth dynasty of Kic) became king, the king of Agade, who built Agade, he ruled for 56 years. He United Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad) See also [49]Sargon's legend Rimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled for 9 years together with his father Sargon. He Conquers Elam and Marhashi (Central Iran) Man-icticcu Manishtushu , the older brother of Rimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled for 15 years. He Renovates the Temple of Ishtar Naram-Suen, the son of Man-icticcu, ruled for 56 years. He Arrogates god-like status to himself. Car-kali-carri Sharkalisharri , the son of Naram-Suen, ruled for 29 25 years. 157 are the years of the dynasty of Sargon. Akkadian kingship begins to weaken. see the Sumerian tablet [50]The cursing of Agade Then who was king? Who was the king? Civil war for nearly 4 years Irgigi was king. Imi was king. Nanu"m was king. Ilulu was king. The 4 of them ruled for only 3 years. Dudu ruled for 21 years. Cu-Durul, the son of Dudu, ruled for 15 years. 12 kings; they ruled for 197 years. Akkadian empire collapses Then Agade was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug. All told, eleven kings ruled a total of 197 years before Agade was defeated and its kingship carried off to Uruk. Table of the dynasty of Agade Name Length Time Sargon 56 years 2461 - 2405 BCE Rimuc 9 years 2414 - 2405 BCE Man-icticcu 15 years 2405 - 2390 BCE Naram-Suen 56 years 2390 - 2334 BCE Car-kali-carri 29 years 2334 - 2305 BCE Irgigi ?* Nanum ?* Imi ?* Elulu ?* Dudu 21 years 2300 - 2279 BCE Co-durul 15 years 2279 - 2264 BCE Total: 12 kings; 197 years * This period of the dynasty was a period of anarchy. These four kings ruled a total of three years. ______________________________________________________________ The Fourth Dynasty of Unug The first Hittite period About 2264 - 2234 BCE. In Unug, Ur-nijin Urnigin became king; he ruled for 7 years. Ur-gigir, the son of Ur-nijin, ruled for 6 years. Kuda ruled for 6 years. Puzur-ili ruled for 5 years. Ur-Utu ruled for 6 years. 5 kings; they ruled for 30 years. Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to the army Gutium. All told, five kings ruled a total of 30 years before Uruk was smitten by the Gutium Hordes and its kingship carried off by them. Table of the fourth dynasty of Unug Name Length Time Ur-nijin 7 years 2264 - 2257 BCE Ur-gigir 6 years 2257 - 2251 BCE Kuda 6 years 2252 - 2245 BCE Puzur-ili 5 years 2245 - 2240 BCE Ur-Utu 6 years 2240 - 2234 BCE Total: 5 kings; 30 years * In my opinion belonged the fourth dynasty of Unug also to the Hittite period because at the end of the King list is written that the Gutium period lasted for 125 years. ______________________________________________________________ The Dynasty of Gutium The "second" Hittite period About 2234 - 2139 BCE. With the fall of Agade, a period of anarchy ensued. Barbarians took over whole parts of the realm and the city-states exerted their independence. The period between the collapse of the Akkadian Empire and the rise of the Ur III Dynasty was one of anarchy, economic disruption and decline. The period also saw continual incursions by the Amorites, a Semitic people. Their incursions into Mesopotamia were largely peaceful at this time. During the Gutian's rule, they appointed and removed Ensis almost at will. They seemed to favor Lagash, probably because they were compliant. As a result, Lagash became the dominant city, controlling at times Ur, Umma, and perhaps even Uruk. In the army of Gutium, at first no king was famous; they were their own kings and ruled thus for 3 years. Imta ruled 3 years Inkicuc Inkishush ruled for 6 years. Zarlagab ruled for 6 years. Culme Shulme ruled for 6 years. Silulumec Elulumesh ruled for 6 years. Inimabakec ruled for 5 years. Igecauc Igeshaush ruled for 6 years. Yarlagab ruled for 15 years. Ibate ruled for 3 years. Yarla ruled for 3 years. Kurum ruled for 1 years. Apil-kin ruled for 3 years. La-erabum (?) Laerabum ruled for 2 years. Irarum ruled for 2 years. Ibranum ruled for 1 year. Hablum ruled for 2 years. Puzur-Suen, the son of Hablum, ruled for 7 years. Yarlaganda ruled for 7 years. The text on the Tablet is here partly unreadable. ...... ruled for 7 years. Tiriga (?) ruled for 40 days. 21 kings; they ruled for 124 years and 40 days. * Then the army of Gutium was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug. All told, twenty-one kings ruled 91 years and 40 days before the Gutium Hordes were defeated and kingship carried back to Uruk. Table of the dynasty of Gutium Name Length Time ? 4 years 2234 - 2230 BCE ? 3 years 2230 - 2227 BCE Inkicuc 6 years 2217 - 2221 BCE Zarlagab 6 years 2211 - 2215 BCE Culme 6 years 2215 - 2209 BCE Silulumec 6 years 2209 - 2203 BCE Inimabakec 5 years 2203 - 2198 BCE Igecauc 6 years 2198 - 2192 BCE Yarlagab 15 years 2192 - 2177 BCE Ibate 3 years 2177 - 2174 BCE Yarla 3 years 2174 - 2171 BCE Kurum 1 year 2171 - 2170 BCE Apil-kin 3 years 2170 - 2167 BCE La-erabum 2 years 2167 - 2165 BCE Irarum 2 years 2165 - 2163 BCE Ibranum 1 year 2163 - 2162 BCE Hablum 2 years 2162 - 2160 BCE Puzur-Suen 7 years 2160 - 2153 BCE Yarlaganda 7 years 2153 - 2146 BCE ? 7 years 2146 - 2139 BCE Tiriga 40 days Total: 21 kings; 95 years ______________________________________________________________ The Fifth Dynasty of Unug About 2139 - 2112 BCE. Utu-hejal became king; he ruled for (4)27 years, ...... days. 1 king; ruled for (4)27 years. The real total years are not clearly readable but most likely it is 27 years. See [51]The Poem of Utu-Hejal and [52]The lament of Unug Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim. After kingship was brought back to Uruk, Utuhegal ruled 7 years, 6 months and 15 days before Uruk was defeated and its kingship carried off to Ur. Table of the fifth dynasty of Unug Name Length Time Utu-hejal 27 years 2139 - 2112 BCE Total: 1 king; 27 years ______________________________________________________________ The Third Dynasty of Urim About 2112 - 2004 BCE. The Ur III State not only restored the Akkadian Empire, bring unification, but it also gave Mesopotamia a century of peace and prosperity. Their empire was the most "nation-state" of the Mesopotamian empires to date. The Ur III Empire took the conscious decision to re-establish Sumerian as the official language, to promote its use and also to promote Sumerian culture. The kings of Ur became known more for their building projects than their prowess in battle. This period is sometimes called the Neo-Sumerian Empire. See also [53]The history of Tummal Ur-Namma became king; he ruled for 18 years. See [54]A poem of Ur-Nammu, [55]Death of Ur-Nammu and [56]Enlil a tigi for Ur-Nammu Culgi Shulgi , the son of Ur-Namma, ruled for 46 48 years. He extends father's empire to all of Assyria See [57]A praise poem of Shulgi Amar-Suena, the son of Culgi, ruled for 9 years. Cu-Suen, the son of Amar-Suena, ruled for 9 years. Ibbi-Suen, the son of Cu-Suen, ruled for 24 years. The people of Cimacki and Elam, the destroyers, counted its worth as only thirty shekels. 5 kings; they ruled for 108 years. Amorites weaken Sumerian power See also [58]The lament of Urim and [59]The Lament of Sumer and Urim Then Urim was defeated. The kingship was taken to Isin. All told, five kings ruled for a total of 108 years before Ur was defeated and its kingship carried off to Isin. Table of the third dynasty of Urim Name Length Time Ur-Namma 18 years 2112 - 2094 BCE Culgi 48 years 2094 - 2046 BCE Amar-Suena 9 years 2046 - 2037 BCE Cu-Suen 9 years 2037 - 2028 BCE Ibbi-Suen 24 years 2028 - 2004 BCE Total: 5 kings; 108 years With the fall of Ur, we see the end of the Sumerians as a political force. ______________________________________________________________ For two hundred years after the fall of III Dynasty of Ur, the balance of power wavered between two cities. They were: Isin in central Mesopotamia, and Larsa in the south (not far from Uruk). These cities, which were heirs to the rival Sumerian city-states, were now in the hands of Amorite dynasties. Both sought control of the small neighboring Semitic kingdoms. The Semites take over, but adopt Sumerian culture and worship Sumerian gods. With this period we have no central unified kingdom. First Isin, and then Larsa, attempt to re-establish the glory of Ur III, but with limited success. The old city-state ideal was destroyed and replaced with a kingdom-state system. Enlil's blessing had been needed for a city-state to dominate the other city-states. But in a nation- state atmosphere the "election" by Enlil was no longer needed in order to have domination over the cities. Because of this Nippur gradually lost its importance and Enlil his royal prerogative. This paved the way for the eventual elevation of the Babylonian god Marduk to the head of the pantheon. The title "King of Kish" was also abandoned. The Isin / Larsa Period is sometimes called the Late Period or the Isin Period and is also sometimes grouped in with the Old Babylonian Period. ______________________________________________________________ The Dynasty of Isin Amorite Dynasty About 2004 - 1801 BCE The city was dedicated to the goddess Nininsina. Isin became the most powerful city during the two centuries after the fall of Ur. The rulers of Isin were the most powerful because they ruled Isin, the new capital, Ur, the old capital, and Nippur, the spiritual center. It claimed dominion over all of Sumer and Akkad, but in reality, the realm was comprised of small states. Even though they were Semites, the rulers of Isin considered themselves the true heirs of Ur and took their title of "King of Ur, King of Sumer and Akkad". Their official inscriptions were in Sumerian instead of Akkadian and they ordered the copying of all the great Sumerian literature. Icbi-Erra became king; he ruled for 33 years. Cu-ilicu, the son of Icbi-Erra, ruled for 20 years. Iddin-Dagan, the son of Cu-ilicu, ruled for 21 years. Icme-Dagan, the son of Iddin-Dagan, ruled for 20 years. See also [60]The lament of Nibru Lipit-Ectar, the son of Icme-Dagan ruled for 11 years. Ur-Ninurta, the son of Ickur ruled for 28 years. Bur-Suen, the son of Ur-Ninurta, ruled for 21 years. Lipit-Enlil, the son of Bur-Suen, ruled for 5 years. Erra-imitti ruled for 8 years. ...... ruled for ...... 6 months. Enlil-bani ruled for 24 years. Zambiya ruled for 3 years. Iter-pica ruled for 4 years. Ur-dul-kuga ruled for 4 years. Suen-magir ruled for 11 years. Damiq-ilicu, the son of Suen-magir, ruled for 23 years. 14 kings; they ruled for 203 years. All told, fourteen kings who ruled a total of 203 years. Table of the dynasty of Isin Name Length Time Icbi-Erra 33 years 2004 - 1971 BCE Cu-ilicu 20 years 1971 - 1961 BCE Iddin-Dagan 21 years 1961 - 1940 BCE Icme-Dagan 20 years 1940 - 1920 BCE Lipit-Ectar 11 years 1920 - 1909 BCE Ur-Ninurta 28 years 1909 - 1881 BCE Bur-Suen 21 years 1881 - 1860 BCE Lipit-Enlil 5 years 1860 - 1855 BCE Erra-imitti 8 years 1855 - 1847 BCE Enlil-bani 24 years 1847 - 1823 BCE Zambiya 3 years 1823 - 1820 BCE Iter-pica 4 years 1820 - 1816 BCE Ur-dul-kuga 4 years 1816 - 1812 BCE Suen-magir 11 years 1812 - 1801 BCE Damiq-ilicu 23 years 1801 - 1778 BCE Total: 14 kings; 203 years The last Kings of the Isin dynasty were Vassals to the first Kings of Babylonia. The definite end of the Sumerian / Akkadian empire. A total of 39 kings ruled for 14409 years, 3 months and 3 1/2 days, 4 times in Kic (Kish). A total of 22 kings ruled for 2610 years, 6 months and 15 days, five times in Unug. A total of 12 kings ruled for 396 years, three times in Urim (Ur). A total of 3 kings ruled for 356 years, once in Awan. A total of 1 king ruled for 420 years, once in Hamazi. 16 lines missing A total of 12 (?) kings ruled for 197 (?) years, once in Agade. A total of 21 kings ruled for 125 years and 40 days, (once in the army of Gutium. A total of 11 kings ruled for 159 years, once in Isin. There are 11 cities, cities in which the kingship was exercised. A total of 134 kings, who altogether ruled for 28876 years. End of the Sumerian King list ______________________________________________________________ Table of the Sumerian / Acadian dynasties Kic Unug Urim Akkad Other First Dynasty 30378 - 5868 BCE. Second Dynasty 5868 - 2673 BCE. First Dynasty 6850 - 4561 BCE to Urim First Dynasty 4561 - 4384 BCE to Awan to Hamazi Dynasty of Awan 4384 - 4028 BCE to Unug Dynasty of Hamazi 4028 - 3668 BCE Second Dynasty 3668 - 3481 BCE to Urim Second Dynasty 3481 - 2899 BCE to Adab to Mari Dynasty of Adab 2899 - 2809 BCE to Kic Dynasty of Mari 2809 - 2673 BCE to Kic Dynasty of Akcak 2660 - 2561 BCE Third and Fourth Dynasty 2673 - 2461 BCE. to Akkad Third Dynasty of Unug 2486 - 2461 BCE . to Akkad Dynasty of Agade 2461 - 2264 BCE. to Gutium Fourth Dynasty 2264 - 2234 BCE . to Gutium to Unug Dynasty of Gutium 2234 - 2139 BCE. Fifth Dynasty 2139 - 2112 BCE . to Urim Third Dynasty 2112 - 2004 BCE . to Isin to Babylon Dynasty of Isin 2004 - 1801 BCE After the fall of the Sumerian / Acadian dynasties Babylon took over the power of Mesopotamia including the religion of the Ancients. From that time on the Historical ages came. Historical times, it means that from this time on there are more written tablets preserved then earlier times, and also from this time on some Kings, Hammurabi, Ashurbanipal and others reconstructed and rewrote again the history of Mesopotamia in ancient times. ______________________________________________________________ Conclusions of chapter 12 : ALL pre-diluvium cities are still not found and never will be found because they are destroyed due to catastrophic occurrences shortly before and during the Flood. The first 8 kings in the Sumerian king list can't be identified with the Earth-fathers from Adam to Noah. The Flood took place about 30,378 BCE. Nippur, the city of the Gods, was a forbidden zone for Humans. The Kings of the Dynasties of Kic were Gods (Igigi). The Kings of the Dynasty of Unug were Half-Gods, children of Gods. Dumuzid the fisherman and En-men-barage-si lived at the same even as Aga and Gilgamesh. In accordance to the timeline of Scholars Gilgamesh lived about 2700 BCE, a hole of about 3,400 years with the timeline of the Sumerian King list. For some Scholars the time stood still for about 3,400 years. The story of Abraham was written or rewritten about 600 BCE because the writer calls Ur "Ur of the Chaldeans". The Chaldeans (612-539 BCE). Genesis was written or rewritten in this period and not during the time of Moses, who is mentioned as the writer of the Pentateuch. Scholars are still confused about the long lifetime of most of the Kings in the King lists. ______________________________________________________________ In chapter 13 I'll explain more details about the historical timeline of our history and we will see where the Gods came from. _________________________________________________________________ [61]Sign my Guest Book _________________________________________________________________ [62]Home [63]Up [64]Chapter 1 [65]Chapter 2 [66]Chapter 3 [67]Chapter 4 [68]Chapter 5 [69]Chapter 6 [70]Chapter 7 [71]Chapter 8 [72]Chapter 9 [73]Chapter 10 [74]Chapter 11 Chapter 12 [75]Chapter 13 [76]Up _________________________________________________________________ Send mail to [77]L.C.Geerts with questions or comments about this web site. 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