mirrored file at http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== Reality and Dinosaurs _________________________________________________________________ More on Dinosaurs and Other Megafauna Between the Ica stones of Peru and Ed Conrad's findings in the abandoned coal fields of Pennsylvania, there is major evidence of dinosaurs in ages both far too late and far too early for them according to all standard theory and doctrine. The doctrine would appear to be in trouble. Ian Tresman, of the SIS in England, notes with respect to the Ica stones that: "Stronger evidence for the contemporaneity of man and dinosaurs (not necessarily in the Cretaceous period) are the engraved stones of Ica, Peru, discovered by local villagers in 1961. Some of the more intricately carved specimens show dinosaurs of identifiable species, such as the stegosaurus. Again, there have been confessions of fraud, but these have failed to invalidate the evidence that many of the stones are genuine. Their sheer number - over fifty thousand of them - and their uniqueness of style argue against many being forgeries. Some were found in sealed deposits by archaeologists. The geologist Eric Wolf, who examined 33 stones, found that a layer of oxidation covered the incisions, suggesting that they were of great age. "As Peter James noted in his report on the Ica stones in SIS Review [26], these are not an isolated example. Models of dinosaurs feature among a huge collection of ceramics excavated from Acambaro in southern Mexico. In the Supai Canyon of Arizona not far from the Grand Canyon an ancient Indian pictograph shows a dinosaur standing on its hind legs and balanced by its tail. Another pictograph, near Granby, Colorado, shows two dinosaurs and an elephant [27]. The Basic Holden Thesis regarding sauropod dinosaurs, and why animals of such sizes are not possible in our present world. Sauropod Thesis Defense wherein the infamous Holden thesis wrt sauropod dinosaurs is further amplified, and the Hokkanen paper often cited by the talk.origins regulars is shredded. Pib Burns notes several other shots at quantifying size limits for animals in our present world. He notes that "Rauber, a nineteenth century anatomist, argues that the elephant approaches the upper limit for the size of a land mammal." and: Economos suggests that the largest land mammal could weigh no more than about 20,000 kg (around 44,000 lbs). Economos uses the idea of "metabolic cost" to demonstrate how gravity imposes an upper limit to the size of mammals. He notes that the largest known mammal, the Indricotherium, is estimated to have weighed about 20,000 kg. Basically, the claim of a 44000 lb. limit based on "metabolic cost" is ballpark with my own limit of 21000 lbs. or thereabout derived from a realistic assessment of muscular capabilities. Hokkanen, in particular, with his estimate of 2,000,000 lbs. or thereabouts derived from bone structure analyses, is clearly left out in left field alone. Hokkanen, of course, is the source most used by my critics in "refuting" my analysis. The largest sauropods, of course, were around 360,000 lbs., far beyond the limits which Rauber, Economos, or I note for our present world. The Hava Supai Expedition and the Brontosaur Pictograph _________________________________________________________________ Mammoths and other more recent megafauna: The problems of their lives and circumstances of their extinction. What it would take to kill mammoths and other megafauna with primitive weapons. Many scientists still insist that Indian ancestors killed all mammoths and all other North American megafauna as well with primitive weapons, the so-called Overkill hypothesis. A couple of pictures illustrate the absurdity of this aspect of standard theories regarding the Earth's history. Extinction is the flip-side of evolution. Some sort of a theory for explaining the great die-outs of past ages, particularly the very recent die-out of all of the North American megafauna is absolutely necessary in science and, if one does not accept the reality of recent catastrophes on a global scale (most scientists don't), then the activities of man are the only remaining viable alternative possibility. That is what puts archaeologists into untenable positions such as overkill. Recent traffic on several of the usenet science discussion groups has centered on problems reconciling ammonites, Carboniferous dragonflies and flora, and other archaic life forms with present constraints involving gravity. In other words, a lot of people are starting to notice these kinds of problems. By the way, neither I nor any other neo-catastrophist believes in an expanding Earth as a cause of gravitational change since prehistoric times; that is simply the first possible explaination which comes to most peoples minds, as the usenet discussions indicate.