INDEX


 

 

Preface v

Acknowledgments                                        

xii
Illustrations xvii
Introduction 1
I. The Chronicler's Tale 12
II. The Figure in Finland 26
III. The Iranian Parallel 36
IV. History, Myth and Reality 43
Intermezzo: A Guide for the Perplexed 56
V. The Unfolding in India 76
VI. Amlodhi's Quern 86
VII. The Many-Colored Cover 96
VIII. Shamans and Smiths 113
IX. Amlodhi the Titan and His Spinning Top 137
X. The Twilight of the Gods 149
XI. Samson Under Many Skies 165
XII. Socrates' Last Tale 179
XIII. Of Time and the Rivers 192
XIV. The Whirlpool 204
XV. The Waters from the Deep 213
XVI. The Stone and the Tree 225
XVII. The Frame of the Cosmos 230
XVIII. The Galaxy 242
XIX. The Fall of Phaethon 250
XX. The Depths of the Sea 263
XXI. The Great Pan Is Dead 275
XXII. The Adventure and the Quest 288
XXIII. Gilgamesh and Prometheus 317
Epilogue: The Lost Treasure 326
Conclusion 344
Appendices 351
Bibliography 453
Index 485

 


 

Abaton, the, 303

Abu Ma'shar, 228

Accius, 23

Achelous, 189

Acheron, 184, 185, 195, 198

Acherusian lake, 184

Achilles, 272, 273,422; shield of, 385

Adad, 297

Adam, 224, 309; and Eve, 149

Adam of Bremen, 206

Adams, John Couch, 8

Adonis, 249, 284, 285

Aegir, 208, 209, 294

Aelianus, 42 I

Aeneas, 192

Aeneas Sylvius, Pope, 338, 339

Aeneid, 196

Aeschylus, 118, 179, 312

Aesir, the, 154-155, 160, 161, 163

Afrasiyab, Shah of Turan, 37-39, 40, 84, 201, 265, 340

Africa: Indians of, 246; study of, 353

Agamemnon, 273

Agaria, 219

Agastya, 263, 264, 395

Agni, 157, 159, 322, 382, 395,428-429

Agrippa d'Aubigne, quoted, 317

Aigokeros (Capricornus), 63

Akkadian (language), 449

Albania, 79n

Al-Biruni, 8, 30n, 83, 215n, 221

Albright, W. F., 124-125, 211, 295, 401, 419, 449

Alcmaeon, 202

Alcor, 264, 385

Aldebaran, 398, 437

Alexander, king of Macedon, 201, 202, 256,422; and the Gordian knot, 237-­238; "Romaunt of," 313; linked to Gilgamesh, 313-315, 336, 419

Al-Farghani, 137

Alfoldi, Andreas, 371

Alice in Wonderland, 5m

Al-jadi (Polaris), 138

Al-Kazvini, 138

Allen, Richard H., 255

Aloe, Lake, 216-217

Alphonsus of Castile, Tables of, 271

Amaltheia, 259,426

Amaterasu, 169, 292,425

Ambales, dream of, 37; "Saga," 19, 23

Ambrosia, 259, 426

America: Snaebjorn and the discovery of, 94; myths of, 311; and Columbus, 338

Amlaghe, 20

Amlaidhe, 20

Amleth, 12-18; meaning of, 20; parallel with Kai Khusrau, 37, 39; division of story of, 82-83

Amlethus, son of Orvandil, 155, 354, 367, 430; destruction of hall by, 174; and Samson, 176; riddle of, 271

Amlodhi, 2, 19, 20, 35; mill of, 87

Amritamanthana, 383

Anahita, goddess, 40, 262

Ananke, 190

Anat, 291, 367

Anaximander, v, 82, 18m, 188, 330, 376

Anchises, 193

Anderson, R. B., 366

Andreas, 313

Angels, 396

Angkor, 7, 162

Animal stories and myth, 52. See also Bull; Cats; Fox star; Turtle; Wolves

An-Nadim, 282

Antares, 243, 437, 450

Anthropology, social, 71

Antiochus, 210, 239

Anu, 125, 291, 297, 303,431,451; Way of, 434, 437

Anunnaki, the, 297, 303

Aphrodite, 177

Apis, 285

Apocalypse, 44n

Apocalypses, 335

Apollinaire, quoted, 242 I

Apollo, 428, 447

Apollodorus, 117-118, 408

Apollon, 369

Apollonios Rhodios, 251, 254

Apsu, 153, 270, 301, 320, 3_4, 420, 435

Aqht, 291

Aquarius, 244, 256-257

Aquinas, Thomas, 75

Ara, 424

Arabs, 271, 315

Arallu, 450

Ararat, Mount, 32 3

Aratus, 245, 254, 257, 385

Arawaks, the, 166, 246

Arcadia, 278

Archaic world, dates of, 340-342

Archimedes, 72, 188, 342

Arcturus, 437

Ares, 176, 428. See also Mars

Argo, 257, 258, 265, 281, 291. 302; turtle as prow of, 369; wood of, 447

Argonauts, 172, 254, 263, P18

Arhippa Perttunen, 111

Aries, 434; Kai Khusrau, on, 44; Age of, 60, 318, 341; and Heimdal, 159

Aristarchus, 342

Aristophanes, 3 I I

Aristotle, vi, 144, 177, 32. 286, 340, 342; on astronomy, 4; on circularity, 48; and mathematics, 7; on esoteric doctrine, 118; on gods as first sub­stances, 150; on the Milky Way, 252; quoted, 326

Arjuna, 79, 291, 310

Ark, the, 323; appearance of, 219; Ut­napishtim's, 22 I, 297; as cubic, 222­-223, 435; as a ship, 367

Armenia, 284

Arriaga, 226

Arrianus, 237

Arthur, King, 34, 46, 335, 347, 360, 418; myth of, 51; and Excalibur, 235

Arundati, 385

Aruns Velthymnus, 116

Aryans, 360

Asa, 234

Asgard, 156, 161

Assur-nasir-apli, Annals of, 220

Assyria, 133, 266-267, 288

Astrology, 50, 228; of Greeks, 64; problem of, 74-75; as early lingua franca, 345

Astronomy: as source of myth, 3-5, 324; modern indifference to, 60; pre­supposed by astrology, 345. See also planets and constellations by name

Asura, the, 81, 82, 152, 153, 263, 372

Atharva Veda, 140, 158,227,233,321

Athena, 264

Athenaeus, 118, 367

Atlas, 251

Atrahasis, 298

Atreus, House of, 174

Attila, and the Nibelungen story, 335

Attis, 285

Atum, 151

Auden, W. H., quoted, 213

Auriga, 255, 256, 258, 259, 261, 264,426; chariot of, 266, 399

Aurva, 392-393

Avalokiteshvara, 130

Avesta, 3_40' 146; Kavi Usan in, 37; on Sirius, 215, 216

Axis, world, 232-234; Heimdal as, 158­-159; accompanying frame of, 235

Aztecs, 8, 290, 321

Baal, 128

Babel, Tower of, 249

Babylon, 6, 7, 195, 219, 266, 297, 307, 324,432; gods of, 124,244; Saturn in, 136; astronomy of, 142. 261, 314; Creation Epic of, 153, 166, 294; and epic of Gilgamesh, 288; Tower of, 303

Bach, J. S., 346

Balarama, 79, 310

Balder, 155, 160, 161, 285

Balmer, 61

Barabudur, temple of, 240

Barb, Alfons A., 148

Barbarossa, Kaiser, 46

Barthes, Roland, 343

Bastian, Adolf, 164n

Baumann, Hermann_ 311

Be'ersheba, 448

Bel, tomb of, 303

Bella Coola Indians, 253

Bellerophon, 37

Berard, 209

Bergelmer, 92-93, 141, 363, 366

Berger, E. H., 190

Bergson, Henri, 340

Berossos, 162, 418-419

Bertholet, Alfred, 396

Betelgeuse, 361

Bethlehem, star of, 244

Bhagavata Purana, 138

Bible, the, 4, I 15

Bieka Galles (Mars), 130

Big Dipper, 236, 266, 301, 407, 415, 451; as thigh of bull, 415, 416

Blacksmiths. See Smiths

Bloomfield, Maurice, 374

Boanerges, Sons of Thunder, 225, 226

Boghazkoi, 450

Bohl, F. M. Th. de Liagre, 290, 410, 433, 435

Boissacq, 430

Boll, Franz, x, 4, 44n, 206, 415, 423-424

Bon-po, 123

Book of the Dead, 73, 120, 1J2, 151

Book of Iceland Settlements, 94

Borneo, 166, 213

Borobudur, temple at, 124

Bouvard, 327

Bow and arrow, in constellations, 216, 321

Bradfield, 209

Brahma, 393

Brandaen, 271

Breasted, J. H., 119

British Columbia, 3 18

Brjam, 19, 35, 85

Bromwich, Rachel, 30n

Browne, Sir Thomas, 60

Brugsch, K. H., 414

Brunelstraat (Milky Way), 248

Brunetto, 197

Bruno, Giordano, 48, 342

Brutus. See Lucius Junius Brutus

Bulfinch, Thomas, 132

Bull: sacrifice of, 125, 404-405; thigh of, as Big Dipper, 415-416

Bundahishn, 247

Bunyan, Paul, 31

Burgess, E., 398, 401

Burns, Robert, 91

Burrows, Eric, 413

Cadmus, 428

Cain, 390

Calypso, 209

Cambodia, 166

Cambyses, 84

Cancer, 314, 403, 434; Gate of, 242

Can Grande della Scala, 279

Canopus, 73, 211, 257, 258, 264, 265. 268, 271, 318; as static, 269; as pilot star to Ship of the Dead, 281; and the horse's head, 395; wife of, 416-417; Eridu as, 420; Nibiru as, 431

Capaneus, 197

Capella the Goat, 259

Capricorn, 242

Casanova, P., 416

Cassirer, Ernst, 326-328

Castor, 210, 32 1

Catasterisms, of Eratosthenes, 256, 257, 265

Catlo'ltq, 214-215, 318-319, 321

Cats, 279

Cedrenus, 390

Celtic myth, related to Kalevala, 26

Censorinus, 162

Centaur, 424

Cezanne, Paul, 343

Chairemon, 427

Chaldea, 282

Chanina, Rabbi, 396

Chariot, of Phaethon, 266

Charles Martel, 75

Charles' Wain, 238, 266

Charpentier, Jarl, 360-361

Charybdis, 204, 209

Cheremissians, 26 .

Cherokee, 243, 249, 406, 407, 425; Story of whirlpool, 207; story of corn mill, 389

Chess, 161-162

Childe, Gordon, 388

Chimalpahin, 120

China, 216, 299; Saturn in, 136, 147, 261; Samson in, 166; common myths from, 311

Chiriguano, the, 247

Christ, 1I4, 197, 121, 223, 2_f, 330, 341, 355, 423

Christensen, Arthur, 370

Christianity: negation of Timaean scheme, 309; and the archaic world, 341

Chronos, 134, 189-190; and Kronos, 135n, 373-376

Chronos Aion, 189

Chwolson, D., 4, 282, 283

Cicero, 23, 138, 277. 376

Cimmerians, the, 335

Cipactli, 248

Circe, 198, 291

Circularity. and myth, 484

Cleasby, Richard, 156n1

Clemens Alexandrinus, 51n

Cleomedes, 137, 159

Clytemnestra, 175

Cocytus. river, 184, 196, 19_

Coffin Texts, 120, 132

Coleridge, S. T., quoted, 22F

Colossus of Crete, 197, 201

Columbus, Christopher, 337, 338; sources of, 338-339

Comparetti, D., 98, 116, 117

Conjunctions, Trigon of, 248. 399

Constellations: and quadrangular earth, 62; names of, 120; relation of signs to, 144-145. See also constella­tions by name

Copernicus, 60, 310, 342

Cornford, F. M., 230-231, 21.3-274, 307­-308, 422-423, 424. 426

Corona, 355

Cosmography, and geography, 63

Cosmology, 46-47, 48; myth and, 50, 52-53, 56, IF; rules of, expressed in language of myth, 58

Cosmos, 188; frame of, 23, 36

Creation: described by Timaeus, 306; stories of, 382-383

Crete, 178, 194

Creuzer, Friedrich, 285, 2861

Crocodile. 248

Cross, wood of the, 227,447

Cube: as Saturn's figure, 212-223; ark as, 435

Cuchulainn, 31

Culture, vs. society, 71

Cumont, Franz, 284, 326

Cuna Indians, 213, 247, 447

Curse of the Miller Woman, the, I 17

Curtius, 423

Curwen, E. Cecil, 387-388

Dadhyafik, 393

da Gama, Vasco, 337

DaM.k, 370

d'Ailly, Pierre, 338

d'Alembert, Jean, x

Danes, thunderstones of, 226

Daniel, 418-419; vision of, 195

Dante, 46, 279, 296, 337; as bridge be­tween two epochs, 75; sources used by, 118; location of Purgatory by, 193; journey of Virgil and, 194-198; quoted, 204, 250; whirlpool de­  scribed by, 204

Dapinu, 402-403

Dardanos, 385

Darius Codomanus (Dara), 84

Darmesteter, James, 76

Darwin, Age of, 68

Dates: related to Great Conjunctions, 268; of archaic world, 340-343. See also Time

David, King, 214, 249. 264, 421; and the Abyss, 220

Day, Florence, 411

Decamps, 388

Deimel, Anton, 409

Delphi, 447

Demeter, 170, 259, 280, 424, 425

Demiurge, the, 51, 306-307, 341

Democritus, 340

Democritus of Abdera, ix

Dendera: inscriptions of, 73; Zodiac of, 32 1,405,415,424

Denmark, 86

Descartes, Rene, 65, 343

Destruction, motif of, 176

Deucalion, 57, 63; Flood of, 279

Deus Faber, 128, 129, 372, 373,445

Deva, the, 372

de Vries, J., 362-363, 377

Dharma, 79, 309

Dhruva, Prince, 138, 141

Dhul-Karnein, 336

Diakonoff, I. M., 410

Dice, casts of, 161

Dieterich, Albrecht, 196

Dieterlen, Germaine, 53, 353

Dio Cassius, 23

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 222

Dionysos,32, 81, 287

Dioscuri, the, 226

Dittrich, Ernst, 66

Divine Comedy, sources of, 118

Dodecahedron, the world as, 187-188

Dog names, 279

Dogon, the, 53-55, 60, 353

Dorotheos of Sidon, 252

Dowson, John, 392

Draco, 282

Druidism, 8

Drums, mythical: as device of shaman, 124-128; Chinese, 125-126; of the Mande, 126

Dryden, John, quoted, 349

Dumichen, J., 73

Dumont, P. E., 114-125

Dumuzi, 284

Dupuis, Charles, viii, x, 346, 403; quoted, 230

Dyak, 239

Ea, 267, 270, 281, 324, 419, 431; Way of, 434

Earendel, 355-357

Earth: defined in language of myth, 58, 62; and equinoxes, 58-59; and the zodiacal band, 61; and motion of sky, 66; composition of mythical, 235; Ersetu as, 451

Ebeling, Erich, 266, 420

Eben Shetiyyah, 220,263-264,421,423, 435

Ecliptic, pole of, 143; and whirlpool, 240

Ecuador, 166

Edda, 141, 223, 294, 354,425; vision of world-age in, 154-156; list of heiti in, 378

Eden: serpent of, 222; Tree of Life in, 223

Edzard, D.O., 267, 409

Egypt, 247, 262, 383, 389, 405-406; language of, 73; story of Setna, 113-­114; names of constellations in, 120, 216; Saturn in, 129, 136; and Ptah, 222; and the legend of Phaethon, 253; ambiguity of, as term, 282; Pan in, 287; interpretation of mnj.t in, 414-417; Sagittarius in, 424

Einstein, Albert, vi, 65, 342

Eisenmenger, J. A., 390

Eisler, Robert, 189, 230, 264, 374, 418

el-Buqat, 282, 284

Eleazar b. Pedath, Rabbi, 396

Electra, 385

Eleusis, 259,424,425

Elton, Oliver, 12

Emerson, R. W., quoted, 76

Enakim, 115

Enki/Ea, 124, 135, 146, 153, 223, 265, 281; Enmesharra as, 267; and Gilga­mesh, 288; and Utnapishtim, 297-298; son-in-law of, 301

Enkidu, 289, 292, 402, 405, 442, 447

Enlil, 289, 290, 297, 298, 324,431; Way of, 434

Enmesharra, 266-267

Enoch, 77-78, 360; Book of, 152

Enuma elish, 153, 430, 434, 436, 448

Epimenides, 121

Epinomis, quoted, 43

Epiphanius, 416

Epitherses, 275

Epopeus, 422

Equinoctial colure, 212

Equinoxes, 62; out of position, 153-154

Equinoxes, Precession of, 58-59, 325; named by Hipparchus, 66; signifi­cance of, 61-68; described, 142-144; and Copernican system, 145; related to Trigon of Great Conjunctions, 268; relation of Sirius to, 286

Er the Armenian, 230-231

Era, 323, 324, 325, 413, 417

Era-Epos, 323, 436, 448, 451

Eratosthenes, 256, 257, 265, 424

Erichthonios (Auriga), 264, 266

Eridanus, 193, 196, 210, 23?, 251, 166; as the river Po, 154, 156; dual nature of, 155; confusion of with Eridu, 157-258; as whirlpool, 15$

Eridu (Hvergelmer) , 11 t, 21()-OO1I1, 163, 165, 318, 448, 449; etyamology of, 257; stylus of, 301; me from, 301, 304; source of fire, 31'; creation story, 420

Erman_Grapow, 73, 414

Ersetu, 449, 451

Esagil, 43S

Esau, 396, 405

Esthonia, 26, 118, 397; story of Kalevipoeg, 30n; mythical tree in, 447

Etana, 114

Etemenanki, 303

Etruscans, the, II6

Eudoxos, 72, 3 I 1

Euhemeros, 50

Euripides, 254

Euripus, 206-207, 238; axis of Roman circus as, 239

Evil, origin of, 149

Evolution, drawbacks of belief in, 68­-71

Ezra, 419

Fable, vs. myth, 47

Fanggen, 277

Faridun, 370

Faroer dialect, 91

Fas al-rahha, 137

Fenek, 249

Fengo, 12-18, 367

Feng Shen Yen 1, 7

Fenja, 88, 158, 380, 388

Ferryman, 430-437. See also Nibiru Festus, 422

Feuchtwang, D., 421

Finland, 26, 113, 223, 312; story of Kullervo in, 27-35; and Kaleva, 115, 155; and the maelstrom, 205, 238; and the wood of the Cross, 227; mythical trees in, 446-447

Finnish Folklore Fellows, 117

Fiote, 246, 253

Firdausi, 36, 39, 43, 46, 83, 68, 283, 372; on the mythical period, 84; knowledge of astrology, 117; story of Kavag by, 370-371

Fire: astronomical, 140, 159, 321; rules relating to discovery of, 317

Fire sticks, 321; part of skambha, 311; fetching of, 322

Fitzgerald, Edward, 45

Flaubert, Gustave, 327

Floods: mythical, 57, 323; and sinking of constellations, 63; causes of, 219; arks and, 119; and Utnapishtim, 297

Forbes, R. J, 388

Forgetfulness, chair of, 408

Fornander, A., 201

Fox star, 385

Frazer, Sir James George, 69, 91, 111, 166, 281, 320, 326; Jewish legend quoted by, 386

Frederick II, Emperor, 197

Freud, S., 450

Freyr, 87, 93, 153, 285; death of, 157, 160, 364

Frobenius, vii, 390

Frodhi, 87, 285, 364, 380; mill of, 88-89, 146

Gadd, C. J., 439, 441

Galaxy, 279; and the ecleptic, 241; myth of Phaethon, 250-252. See also Milky Way

Galileo, 10, 48, 61, 143, 310, 342

Games, board, 161

Gandhi, Mohandes, 329

Ganesha, rat of, 365

Ganga, 259, 262

Ganges, river, 256, 250-260

Garsiwas, 38

Gates of Night and Day, 200

Gautama, Prince, 292

Geb, 406

Geldner, K., 428-429

Gemini, 242, 244, 321, 420

Genesis, Book of, 152

Genzmer, Felix, 365

Geoffrey of Viterbo, 418

Geography, as cosmography, 63

Georgics, 193, 258

Gering, Hugo, 366, 378, 386 Gertrude, nun, 294

Gervase of Tilbury, 423

Gesta Danorum, 12

Gibbon, Edward, 251

Gibil, 322, 429

Gideon, 168, 174

Gilgamesh, 42n, 130, 200, 202, 208, 209, 238, 257, 339, 411; epic of, 288-295, 300-301, 419, 436; Alexander as rep­lica of, 313-315, 336, 419; and fire, 316; name of, 323; astronomical im­plications of, 323, 404; excursus on, 430-45 I; ferryman in epic of, 430­-437; trees in epic of, 437-450

Ginnungagap, 234

Glaukos, 202

Gnostics, 131, 240

Godfrey of Viterbo, 46

Gods, as stars, 177

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 10, 333

Gog and Magog, enclosing of, 315

Golden Age, 146-147; end of, 149; in the Edda, 154-155; position of Milky Way in, 258; dates of, 340-342

Golden Bough, 69

Golden Fleece, 318

Gollancz, I., 20, 356, 357; on Lucius Junius Brutus, 21; on Snaebjorn, 24, 87, 94; on Maelstrom, 91, 205; on translation of Snorri, 361-364

Goosseus, R., 364

Gordius, 237-238

Gordon, Cyrus, 402

Gassmann, P. F., 323, 402, 409, 432

Gatze, Albrecht, 433

Granet, Marcel, 127, 129

Great Magical Papyrus of Paris, 147

Greece, 225; mythical floods of, 57; and astrology, 64; earth as center of universe in, 66; mythology of, 132­134; story of Phaethon in, 263, 267; Weil on, 330

Gregoire, Henri, 364

Gregoire de Tours, 10

Griaule, Marcel, vii, 53, 327, 347, 353

Grimm, Jacob, 158, 271, 277, 354; on Orendel, 356-357; on Heimdal, 387; on horse's head, 395-396; on Lake Eim, 397

Grimm, W., 133n

Grimnismal, 162

Grotte (Frodhi's quern), 88-89, 107, 146; derivation of, 91; Freyr and, 93; parallel with Sampo, 111, 112; and Maelstrom, 205

Gundel, W., 228, 296

Guthrie, W. K. c., 238

Guyana, Indians of, 217, 246

Gwyon, 347

Gylfaginning, 156, 160; last paragraph of, 163

Gylfi, 160-161, 163

Hackelberg, 249

Hades, 407, 437; voyage of Odysseus to, 198-199. See also Underworld

Haeckel, Ernst, 71

Hagar, Stansbury, 243

Hagen, 335

Hahn, J. G. von, 90n

Hallberg, 386

Hallinskidi (Heimdal), 158, 386

Hamel, A. G. van, 161

Hamlet, 360, 363; as starting point, 1-2; contrasted with Amleth, 18-19; and Lucius Junius Brutus, 21; and Ophelia, 34; forms of, 50; Icelandic origins of, 86-87, 95; as Mars and Saturn, 176

Hamlet, quoted, 137

Hanuman, monkey-god, 403

Haosravah, 36

Harranians, the: planetary heptogram of, 4; on Mars, 176; Tammuz festival of, 282, 284

Harris, Rendel, 225-226

Harrison, Jane E., 189, 190, 274, 320

Hausravah, river, 201, 217

Havelock the Dane, 20

Hawaii, 163, 201

Hawkins, Gerald, 69

Hegel, G. W. F., 149

Heidel, Alexander, 288, 410, 420, 433

Heimdal, 155, 387; nine mothers of, 157-158

Hektor, 163

Helios, 251

Hephaistos, 128, 177, 201, 259, 264, 320; thrown by Zeus, 272-273

Hera, 272

Heracles, 167, 287. See also Herakles

Heraclitus, 7, 162, 240

Heraclitus the Obscure, v

Herakles, 214, 246, 422

Herimanus Contractus of I Reichenau, 359

Hermes, 282, 348; father qf Pan, 276, 277

Hermes Trismegistos, 210, 261, 299

Herodotus, 37; on Pan, 28j

Hesiod, 120, 146, 153, 154, 190, 194, 195, 335; on Styx, 199, 200; on Phaethon, 267

Hicetas, 310

Hieroglyphics, 72-73

Higgins, Godfrey, 256

Hildebrand, 335

Hinke, W. J., 409

Hinze, Oscar Marcel, 400

Hipparchus, 66, 142, 143

Hippopotamus, Isis as, 415

Historia de Preliis, 20

History: and reality, 46; and myth, 50, 334, 339; and evolution_ 70; recon­structed by Kepler, 399

Hittites, the, 288

Hocart, 221

Hoder, 160, 161

Hollander, John, 9

Holmberg, Sandman, 222

Holmberg, Uno, 123, 124, 125, 130n, 247, 382, 447

Hologram, 56

Homer, 91, 116, 183, 189, !90, 295, 336, 385, 389, 437; use of preexistent ma­terials by, 117; voyage of Odysseus to Hades by, 198-199, 200; geogra­phy of, 209; on Kronos, 239; Weil on, 330

Hommel, Fritz, 409

Honduras, 243, 295

Hora Galles (Jupiter), 13_

Horapollo, 427

Horse's head, 392-396

Horus, 406, 417, 430

Horvandillus, 354

Hrolf Kraki, 20

Huang-ti, the Yellow Emperor, 50; as Saturn, 129, 135

Hubal, 221

huluppu-tree, 439, 447

Humba, 289, 403

Humbaba (Huwawa), 289, 290, 403­-404

Humboldt, Baron Alexander von, x, 326

Hunrakin, 126, 166, 248

Huns, the, 315, 335

Hurrians, 288, 314

Husing, G., 403

Huwawa (Humbaba), 289, 314; cedar of, 437-438

Hvarna, 40, 265

Hvergelmer (Eridu), 111, 208, 209, 234

Hyades, the, 166, 175, 177, 398-399

Hyginus,312

Hyllos, 422

lahwe, 222

Ibn Wa'shijja, 92, 282

Iceland, 162, 311, 364; myth of Am­lodhi in, 2, 19; and Denmark, 86; and Ireland, 94-95

Ideler, Ludwig, 4, 138

I-Ging, 120

Iliad, 44, 116, 330, 383; story of He­phaistos' fall in, 272-273

Ilmarinen, the smith, 31, 97, 98-103, 128; stealing of the Sampo by, 104­-107

Inanna, 440

Incantation, 111

Incarnation, Christian doctrine of, 341

India, 65, 146, 204, 309, 389; and sha­manism, 123; simile of turning mill­stone, 138; importance of numbers in, 162-163; planetary symbolism in, 240; and the Milky Way, 248n; Eridanus and Ganges, 256, 259; Phaethon in, 263; Kala in, 374; and Rohini's wain, 398; mythical trees 111, 444

Indians, American, 7, 320, 347; on reincarnation, 243; on the Milky Way, 246-247. See also Cherokee, Maya, etc.

Indonesia, Rama epic of, 214

Indra,79, 166, 310, 372, 393

Invariance, myth of, v-vi

Iran, 36, 84; shamanism in, 123

Iranians, 78, 80, 374

Ireland, Snaebjorn's connection with, 94

Irish harp (eruit), 368

Ina (Era), 323

Inagal, 412

Isengrim, 430

Ishara tam.tim, 244, 295, 409, 450

Ishtar, 215, 216, 290, 291-292, 320, 440

Isis, 249, 414-415, 425, 448

Ivalde, 155

Jacobsen, Thorkild, 265

Jakobsen, Jakob, 366

Jambushad, 92

James and John (Boanerges), 225, 226

Jamshyd, 47, 50, 84, 92, 283, 285

Janbushad, 283, 285

Japan, 168-169, 338, 383,425

Java, 124, 240

Jehovah, 223

Jenghiz Khan, 128, 335

Jensen, Peter, 295, 420

Jeremias, Alfred, 214, 409, 432

Jerusalem, 22 I

Jews, 42 I; myth of ark by, 219; myth of the Abyss by, 220; myth of Noah's flood by, 386

Jiriczek, O. L., 37

Joachim of Flora, 334

Job, 390; Book of, quoted, 263

John Barleycorn, 284

Johnsson, Finnur, 378

Jokes, function of, 425

Joshua, 174

Jubar, 355

Jung, C. G., 75

Jungle Books, 52

Jupiter (planet), 130, 239, 289, 314, 324, 372; in Kepler's figure, 136; con­junction of with Saturn, 244, 268; measurement by, 271; and Nibiru, 432

Justinian, 36

Ka'aba, 221, 423

Kaianian dynasty, 36

Kai Ka'us, 37-38, 40-41, 83, derivation of name, 371, 372;

Kai Khusrau, 36, 38-39, 83, 201, 217, 247, 265, 285, 335, 360; parallel with Amlethus, 37, 39; and the nature of myth, 47, 84; and Hamlet, 50; parallel with Mahabharata, 76

Kai Kubad, 83

Kala, 373-376

Kaleva, 96; identity of, 115

Kalevala, 26,96, 113, 119, 121; story of, 96-98; Kullervo in, 114; oak in, 223, 446

Kalhu, temple at, 221

Kali Yuga, 82, 85, 309

Kalypso, 295

Kampers, Franz, 418-419

Kamsa, Uncle, 360-361

Kane, 164, 201

Kansa (Kamsa), 80, 81

Kantele, 104, 107, 108, 369

Kara Par, 235

Karelia, 447

Kartikeya (Skanda), 157

Kaulu, 175

Kauravas, 78

Kavag, the Smith, 129, 370-371

Kavy Usa, 371

Kavya Ushanas, 372

Kayanides, 371

Kedalion, 178

Kees, Hermann, 405-406

Keimer, Louis, 427

Keith, A. B., 80

Kennedy, E. S., 400

Kepler, Johannes, 61, 221, 222, 228, 342; transition figure of, 9, 136, 268, 334; as the last Archais, 74; on the har­mony of the spheres, 151; on planetary conjunctions, 399-400

Kerenyi, Karl, 32, 130

Keynes, John Maynard, 9-10

Khusrau Anushirvan, 36

Kiho-tumu, 299

Kipling, Rudyard, 49, 51, 311

Kircher, Athanasius, S.J., ix, x, 4, 91, 205, 210, 346, 361

Kleombrotos, 202

Kochob, as "mill peg," 137

Kolyvanovic, I 15

Kombabos, 404

Koran, 257, 315

Koshar-wa-Hasis, 118

Kramer, S. N., 438-439, 441

Krappe, A. H., 364

Krates of Pergamon, 198, 173

Krause, Ernst, 379

Krishna, 78, 80-82, 83, 85; return of into Vishnu, 309

Kritzinger, H. H., 400

Krohn, Kaarle, 27, 130n, 447

Kronos, 132-133, 146, 14_, 189, 100, 210, 221, 239, 159, 2_S; Orphic Hymn to, 132-133; Proclus on, 134; as Chronos, 134-135, 37x-376; Susanowo as, 176; Zeus son of, 263, 267, 280, 299; stag as, 319; Ogygian, 418-­419

Ku, 201

Kuan-yin, 130

K'uei, 127-128

Kuhn, Adalbert, 381, 382

Kullervo Kalevanpoika, 2_35, 50, 81, 104, 115, 360, 430; and Hamlet, 50; son of Kaleva, 97; position of, 114; as World Observer, 13f; sea measured by, 171

Kumu honua, 201

Kumulipo, 7, 163-164

Kynosoura, 168

Labat, 439

Lake Eim, story of, 397-398

Lamaism, Tibetan, 12 3 I

Lambert, 301, 303, 448

Landsberger, Benno, 411, 443

Langdon, Stephen, 290, 4_3, 411

Language: problems of, 72-73; classical vs. contemporary, 3.3

Lapland, 16, 108, 130

Lascaux, caves at, 347

Lassie, 51

Learning vs. understanding, 118-111

Leibniz, Baron, 9, 74

Lemminkainen, 97, 104, and stealing of the Sampo, 104-107

Leo Grammaticus, 390

Lepsius, 4

Lethe, 406, 4%5

Leverrier, 8

Lewy, Hildegard, 110-11.

Liber Hermetis Trismegisti, 118

Libra, 240-241

Liebig, Justus von, viii

Liebrecht, Felix, 168, 178, 282

I-Iku, 434-436

Lilith, 249, 440, 443

Little Bear, the, 137

Livy, tale of Brutus by, 11-12, 1}

Llew Llaw Gyffes, 167

Lockyer, Sir Norman, 68, 141

Lokasenna, 93, 209

Loke, 155, 209, 222, 387, 41x

Longfellow, Henry W., 119

Lonnrot, Elias, 26, 27, 33, 111, 116; and the Kalevala, 96, 114; ignorance of archaic background of, 117

Lono, 201

Loth, J., 30n

Louhi, 98, 99, 104, 107, 108, 109

Lucius Junius Brutus, 11-13, 85; and Hamlet, 50

Luckenbill, 41 I

Lucretius, 48

Ludendorff, Hans, 61, 67

Ludr, 92, 111-111, 367

Lugh Lamhfada, 304

Luke, Book of, quoted, 86

Lykaios, Mountain, 278-279

Lykophron, 116

Lyra, 369

Lysimachides, }10

Mabinogi, 365

Macdonell, A. A., 394

Macrobius, 133, 134-135, In, 195, :68; on reincarnation, 242; on Lethe, 407

Maelstrom, 105; origin of, 1.

Magi, the, 423

Magni, 215

Mahabharata, 152, 156n, 236, 159, 163, 309, 371; parallel with Kai Khusrau, 76--78; skanda in, 157; equine head in, 392-393; conjunctions in, 401

Mahmud of Ghazna, Sultan, 36

Maimonides, 282

Maiterae (Maitreya), 113

Makalii, 365

Makemson, M. W., 139

Mallarme, Stephane, 343

Malory, Sir Thomas, 51

Mande, the, 126, 353,430

Maneros, 285

Mangaians, the, 241, 144

Manicheans, the, 131

Manilius, 250, 155, 257

Manjirae (Manjusri), 113

Mannhardt, Wilhelm, 177, 179

Mansikka, V. J., 223, 391

Maori, the, 65, 174, 110, 161

Marbhan, 368-309

Marco Polo, 338, 423

Marduk, 166, 267, 270, 294, 324, 325; temple of, 297; tomb of, 303; and Nibiru, 432; on the mes-tree, 450

Marquesas Islands, 425

Mars (planet), 130, 239, 285, 307, 324; Skanda as, 157; Susanowo as, 172; Samson as, 176; Dante on, 196-197; identity of, 390, 396; as Zu-bird, 443

Martius, 338

Maskheti (Big Dipper), 415

Mathematics, opposition of Aristotle to, 75

Matthieu, M., 364

Maui, 316

Maya, the, 8,61,67, 244, 247, 295,343; and Hunrakan, 126; story of Zipacna by, 175

Mayer, Maximilian, 212

Mayrhofer, Manfred, 381

McGuire, J. D., x

me, 301, 302, 304

Measures: gift of, 266, 268; planets as,. 271-272; by Zeus, 273; from Eridu, 304; as theme of Greek thought, 330-331

Mecca, 221

Megara, 425

Memory, fountain of, 408

Memphis (a mime), 118

Menja, 88, 116, 158, 380, 388

Menomhis, 416

Mercer, S., 414

Mercury (planet), 239, 271, 282, 289, 314; Humbaba as, 404

Merlin, 347

Mesopotamia, 303, 424; astronomy 01, 66, 216; and shamanism, 123, 114; cities of, 239; story of Phaethon in, 267; fire-god of, 321; mythical trees of, 448

Mes.tree, 437-439, 448, 450

Mexico, 74, 93, 136, 247, 405; Mars in, 176, 307; mythical trees in, 446

Michael Scoms, 228, 258, 309

Mid-air, 249

Midas, son of Gordius, 237

Mikku, 441, 443

Milky Way, the, 162, 111, 113, 1)0­ 131, 242, 256, 407, 446; gates to, 244; relation to Precession, 145; for spirits of the dead, 246-247; as Brunelstraat, 248; position of in the Golden Age, 258; and the Ganges, 260

Mill, the: in fable, 1; Grotte, 88-89; in Homer, 90; Sampo, 98-102, 104-108, 111; broad meaning of, 116; iden­tity of with heaven, 140; motion and destruction of, 146; rotary, 388. See also Grotte; Sampo

Millstone, heavens turning as, 137-138

Milton, John, 135; Samson Agonistes, 165, 174; Paradise Lost quoted, 377

Mithra, 264-265

Mitra, 264

Mitravaruna, 164, 16S

Mixcouatl, 136

Mnevis, 285

Modi, 225

Mohammed 11, 339

Mongols, the, 130, 119, }IS, HS, 311

Moon, 239

Mooney, James, 389

Mordvinians, the, 26, 392

More, Sir Thomas, 51n

Moritz, L. A., 388

Morphology, comparative, ?

Morris, Desmond, 324

Moses, 44n, 60, 157,315

Mot, 367

Mother Scorpion, 195

Motion, by number vs. by generation, 308

Mouse (Mysing), 364-365

Movers, F. K., 404

Much, R., 386

Muellenhoff, 88

Muller, Max, 326

Mundilfoeri, 139, 158, 377, 3_2

Mundill (Mundell), 378-383

Mus, Paul, 124

Mus Padk, 365

Music: origin of, 7; as expression of world of abstract form, 3+6

Musical instruments, origin of, 368­-369

Mylinos, 116

Myrina, 304

Mysing, 364, 380

Mysingr, 89, 107, 378

Myth: vs. fable, 47; nature of, 48; and history, 50; and science fiction, 51; cosmological information in, 150; used by Plato, 310-311; language of, 311-312; and poetry, 312; ambiguity of, 312-313; long and short forms of, 321; influence of on history, 337

Nabataean Agriculture, 282. 285

Nangaru the Carpenter, 314, 403-404

Nanshe, 301, 417

Near East, shamanism in, 113. See also individual countries by name

Nebrod, 390

Nebuchadnezzar, dream of, 195

Neckel, Gustav, 366

Nectar, 259, 426

Needham, J., 161

Nefer-ka Ptah, 113

Nemesis, place of in myth, 335-336

Nephthys, 414

Nergal, 297, 323, 324; Gilgamesh as, 448-449

Nets, destruction by use of, 174-175

Neugebauer, O., 414

Newton, Isaac, vi, 61, 342; as magician, 9; and gravitation, 64-65; Age of, 68

New Zealand, Maori of, 65f., 261

Nibelungen, Fall of the, 331

Nibiru, 431-437; explanations of word, 432-435

Nicander, 42 I I

Nicaragua, 243, 244, 295,407

Nidhogger, 443

Niedner, Felix, 366

Nihongi, 7, 168, 171, 174

Nile river, 253, 256, 263, 416-417

Nimin, 288

Nimrod, 166, 177

Nineveh, 239-240

Ningishzida, 367

Ninurta, 133, 297

Noah, 222-223, 298, 386

Nonnos, 251, 252, 255, 385

Normandy, 278

Normann, F., I38n

Norse myth, related to Kalevala, 26

North Pole, 200

Nudimud,270

Number, as unifying principle, 9, 74­-75

Numbers: repetition of, 7; significance of, 162; as secret of things, 332

Numenius of Apamea, 188, 196, 239, 240

Nut, 262

Oak tree, in Kalevala, 446-447

Oannes, 418-419

Ocean, relation of to Phaethon story, 263-265. See also Sea

Oceanus, 184, 199

O'Curry, Eugene, 368-369

Odin, 160, 249, 292

Odysseus, 90, 98, 315, 447; voyage to Hades, 198-199, 200, 273; oar of, 270-271, 302. See also Ulysses

Odyssey, 116, 198, 354, 356; mill in, 90; whirlpool in, 204

Oervandil, 261

Ogotemmeli, 55, 347

Ogygia, 205, 209, 239, 295, 299, 418­-419

ogyglon, 200

Ohlmarks, Ake, 387

Oikoumene, 64

Oinomaos, 280

Okeanos, 189-191, 198, 203, 214

Okoi of Audista, 1 II

Olaf Hvitaskald, 163

Old Testament, 120

Olrik, A., 364, 365

Olschki, L., 423

Olympic Games, 268, 280, 401

Omar Khayyam, 45, 47, 113

Omphalos of Delphi, 304

One-Leg, 126-127

Onians, P. B., 189

Ontrei, I I 1

Open Hole in Heaven, 143

Ophelia, 34

Oppenheim, A. L., 404

Orendel, etymology of, 356-358

Origen, 309

Origins of Scientific Thought, vi

Orion, 166, 175, 247, 353-355; Samson as, 177; zalos near, 210

Orpheus, 7, 222

Orpheus the Thracian, quoted, 137

Orphics, the, 189-190, 242, 267

Orvandil/Eigil (the Archer), 155, 354

Orvandils-ta, 354-355

Orvendel, 12, 87

Orwandel, 354

Osiris, 281, 285, 299, 303, 414, 448, 449

Ostyaks, 26, 130n

Ovid, 57, 118, 168; on Phaethon, 251, 252, 253, 263, 265

Pali-uli, 201

Pan, 275-277, 278, 285-287, 341

Pandavas, 78, 309

Paranatellonta, 256

Parmenides, 65, 200, 340

Pascal, Blaise, 7 I

Pastor of Hermas, 223

Paulus Alexandrinus, 44n

Pausanias, 69, 20m, 268, 408, 422

Pawnee, 243, 309; Skidi-Pawnee, 384

Pecuchet, 327

Pegasus, 297, 420

Pelops, 280, 386

Penelope, mother of Pan, 276, 277

Periodic system of the elements, 61

Persephone, 280

Persia, 36, 129

Perspective, as token of Scientific Revolution, 342

Peru, iii, u6

Petavius, 4

Petron, 202

Petronius, 138

Phaedo, 206, 208, 220

Phaedrus, 305-306, 328, 348

Phaethon, 210, 250-252, 258, 347; sur­vivals of theme of, 253-254; placed among stars, 255; significance of, 256; and the oceans, 263-265; as Saturn, 265

Phaidon, 195

Pherecydes, 223

Pherekydes, 189

Philae, 303

Philistines, 166, 167, 173-174

Philolaos, 231-232, 310

Phlegethon river, 195

Photius, 422

Physics, of the Stoics, 64

Picus, 291

Pied Piper, the, 7

Fiero della Francesca, 224

Pindar, 286

Pingree, D., 400

Piran, 38-39

Pisces, Age of, 244, 268, 341

Pishdadian dynasty, 36

Pisistratus, 116

Plain of Truth, triangular, 202-203 Planets: as measuring, 271-272; as in­struments of time, 306-307. See also planets by name

Plato, vi 3, 57, 134, 149, 193, 265, 271, 282, 330, 383, 389; and the language of myth, 6, 47, 51, 305, 310-313, 328; time machine of, 143, 190; on Soc­rates' last tale, 179; on world as dodecahedron, 187; on the frame of the cosmos, 230-232; on the sun, 246; on legend of Phaethon, 252, 273; Timaeus of, on creation of souls, 306-310; on a cosmic model, 333; on time vs. space, 340, 376; on language and memory, 347-348; on Lethe, 406-407

Pleiades, 125, 157, 164n, 177, 213, 239, 307; and Zipacna, 175; Lyre of the Muses, 369; on shield of Achilles, 385; and Noah's flood, 386

Pliny, 195, 215

Plough-star, 32 I

Plutarch, 134, 187, 101-103, 267, 383; story of death of Pan by, 275-276, 281, 282, 341; on Kronos, 299, 419

Po, river, Eridanus as, 254, 256

Poetry: early concept of, 119; and the idiom of myth, 312

Pogo, Alexander, 141

Pohja, 233

Pohjola, 98, 99, 101, 104

Polaris: and Saturn, 136; as peg, 140; and the Milky Way, 260-261

Polemon, 320

Pole stars, 59, 141; shifting of, 142­-143; removing of, 383-384

Poliziano, 11

Pollux, 32 I

Polynesia, 425, 437; Dechend's work in, vii-viii; myths of, 163, 316; Orion in, 166; and the whirlpool, 213, 239; and reincarnation, 242-243; myths about rat in, 365

Poseidon, 315,437

Pramantha, 139, 140, 320, 382

Pratap Chandra Roy, 394

Precession of Equinoxes. See Equi­noxes

Proclus, 134, 136, 188, 203n, 259, 267, 268, 299, 346; on fox star, 385

Procyon, 289, 314,403

Prometheus, 139; Kronos as, 133; Cat­lo'ltq story of, 318-319; derivation of name, 379-383

Proto-Pythagoreans,6

Psalms, Book of, quoted, 86

Ptah 12_ 135, 222, 285, 29, 38, 427

Ptolemy, vi, 50, 143, 257, 388; Geography of, 63-64; on fixed stars, 307

Pukku, 441, 443

Puranas, 78, 259-260

Pyramid Texts, 120, 132, 414, 443

Pyriphlegethon, river, 184, 195, 198

Pythagoras, v, 121, 174, 187, 279; and mathematics, 6; and music, 369

Pythagoreans, 65, 202-203, 242, 334; on legend of Phaethon, 252-253, 256; tradition of, 310; and mathematical sciences, 330-331

Pytheas, 25

Python, 304, 428, 44

Quecholli, 410

Quechua, the, 166

Querns, rotary, 388. See also Mill

Quetzalcouatl, 42n, 77, 78, 93, 213, 247, 322, 360, 382, 418

Quzistan, 284

Ra, 262, 285, 425

Rabuse, G., 196

Radloff, 123

Radulf, Johan, 130n

Ragnarok, 156, 225

Rama, 214

Ramesside Star Clocks, 414-415

Ran, 208-209, 294

Reality: related to history, 46; not concrete, 57

Recitation, of ancient poetry, 111

Reincarnation, 242-243

Rembrandt van Rijn, 333

Rephaim, 115

Republic, vision of Er the Armenian in, 230-231

Reuter, O. S., 158, 355, 362, 386

Revelation, demons from, 423-424

Reynard the Fox, 248, 347,430

Rhea, 259,425

Rhone river, 256

Riccioli, 400

Riemschneider, Margarete, 443

Rigel, 210, 261, 355

Rigveda, 44, 120, 139, 140, 161, 263, 264; Kavya Ushanas in, 37, 371; Agni in, 157, 322; on Heimdal, 158; numbers in, 162; on Yama, 304; Kala in, 374

Rilke, Rainer Maria, quoted, 329 ]

Rimbaud, Arthur, 343

Rishyasringa, 401

Rita, 265, 267, 318

Rivers of earth, 256

Rivers of heaven, 188-189, 195, 196; as time, 201; and Eridanus, 256-257

Robert le Diable, 279

Rohini, wain of, 398

Romance of Alexander, The, 51, 339

Rome, 339

Roscher, W. H., 286

Ross, W. D., 4

Rouen, Ettienne de, 418

Rouse, W. H. D., 255

Rudra, 365

Rumia, 437

Russell, Bertrand, v

Russia, 223; story of Kjolyvanovic in, 115; and wood of the Cross, 227; on end of the world, 384; mythical trees in, 447

Rustam, 43

Rydberg, Viktor, 92, fI 139, 141, 155, 362, 363; on Heimdal, 158, 159; on Hvergelmer, 208; on Yggdrasil, 233-­234

Sagittarius, 239, 244, 261, 296, 321; Centaur, 424

Sahagun, 32 I

St. Francis, 334

St. Helena, 224

Saitan, 392

Salonen, A., 411, 439

Salt-mill, 366

Sampo, the, 98, 205, 221; building of, 98-102, 128; stealing of, 104-107; breaking of, 108, 14_; meaning of, 111, 121; and Samson, 176; etymol­ogy of, 232; roots of, 133

Sampsii Pettervoinen, IIp, 446

Samson, 388, 389; story of in Book of Judges, 165, 167, 173; characteristics of, 166-167; and Mars, 176; identity of, 177-178

Samson Agonistes, 116, f65

Samson Kolyvanovic, 1

Sanskrit, 91, 139; etymology of Sampo 111, 232-233

Santiago, 226

Saptarshi, 301

Sarapis, Oracle of, 313-314

Satanael, 227

Satit,321 I

Saturn, 194, 239, 268, 321, 373; Huang­ ti as, 129; Egyptian, 29; of Lapps, 130; Kronos as, 133, 134-135, 283; Lord of Measures, 13 -136; and the Golden Age, 146, 269 Lord of the Mill, 148; as originator of times, 15H; in pre-Islamic tradition, 221; as earth-dweller, 222; and the cube, 222-223; conjunction of with Jupi­ter, 244, 268; Phaethon as, 265-268; as measurer, 271; reincarnations of, 418-419

Saturnalia, 222

Saud, 79

Saxo Grammaticus, 270; Gesta Dan­orum, 12; story of Amleth by, Il­ 18, 23-24, 174; later life of Hamlet, 20; on the wolf-horse, 32; on foster-­sister, 34; parallels of Amlethus and Kai Khusrau, 37; division of story by, 82-83; Iceland as source for, 86-­87

Saxton, Mark, 5Ill

Sayce, 420

Scaligeri, family of Verona, 279

Scandinavia, 225

Scherer, Anton, 357

Scheria, 316

Schlegel, Gustave, 135, 136n

Schmidt, Leopold, 280

Schmoekel, Hartmut, 420

Schott, A., 292n

Schroder, F. R., 162

Schroedinger, Erwin, 72

Science: origins of, v-vi; primitive, as art of fugue, 65; Tolstoi on, 329-­330; archaic, 331; related to three-­dimensional space, 342

Science fiction, as myth, 51

Scorpius, 244, 251, 261, 294, 295, 296, 450

Sea: references to, 35; mythical ex­planations of, 263. See also Ocean

Secular motion, 143

Selket-Serqet, 244, 295,409, 450

Serpent of Eden, 222

Servius, 195, 257

Setala, E. N., 26, 34-35, lIS

Seth, 430

Setna (Seton Chamwase), 113

Seven heavens, 123-124

Seven Sages, 301

Seven Sleepers of Ephesus, 299

Seven Stars of Ursa, 3

Shahna’a, 36, 37-39, 50, 117

Shakespeare, William: contrasted with Saxo, 18-19; on the foster-sister theme, 34; on Mars and Saturn, 176

Shamanism, 121-132; analysis of, 121-­122; seven heavens as ladder for, 124; drum as device of, 124-128; Siberian, 125; significance of black­smith in, 128-130

Shamash-Helios, 290, 294-295, 297, 303

Shesha-Serpent, 79, 310

Shetland dialect, 91

Shiva, 236, 260

Shun, Emperor, 127-128

Shunashepa Hymns, 429

Siam, 127

Siduri, 209, 210, 294, 295, 412, 450

Signs, zodiacal, relation of constella­tions to, 144-145

Sigu, 217-218, 223; brown monkey of, 222

Sikander (Alexander the Great), 83, 84

Simana of Mekrijarvi, 111

Simmias, 180-186

Simrock, Karl, 357, 367, 378-379, 386

Sirius, 215, 239, 279, 284, 290, 320, 321, 357-358, 409, 429; Pan as, 285, 286; yew tree of, 447, 448

Siryenians, 26

Sivin, N., 128n

Siyawush, 37-39

Skadi, 170, 425

Skaldskaparmal, 24, 87

skambba, 227, 232, 233, 261, 306, 317; fire-sticks part of, 321

Skanda (Mars), 157

Slagfin the Musician, 155

Sleep and sleepers, 298-300, 418

Smintheus, Apollon, 364

Smith, Sidney, 443

Smiths: in shamanism, 128-130; as fos­ter fathers of heroes, 371, 373

Snaebjorn, 24, 92, 139, 146, 363; identity of, 94; on the whirlpool, 205

Society, vs. culture, 71

Sociology, anthropological, 71

Socrates, 195, 210, 231, 246; in Phaedo, quoted, 179-186; on psychology, 190; on location of the world, 193; on Tartaros, 238

Soden, W. von, 120

Solon, 252, 253

Solstices, 62

Soma, the, 372,429

Sophocles, 118, 421

Souls: created by the Demiurge, 306­-307; journey of, 406-407

South America, 166; Indians of, 247

South Pole, celestial, 265, 417, 422; ex­empted from Precession, 269

Space: preceded by time, 65, 340-341; in modern world, 342

Speiser, E. A., 300, 402, 410, 412, 420; on Nebiru, 432

Spencer, Herbert, 70

Sravana, 236

Ssabians of Harran, 92

Stag, symbol for Kronos, 319, 320, 427

Stars: gods as, 177; fixed, 306-307

Stegemann, Viktor, 252

Stephanus of Byzantium, 266, 416

Stoics, 64

Stokes, W., 29n

Stonehenge, 68

Stone Things, identity of, 410-412

Strabo, 198, 254, 303

Strom, A. V., 386

Stucken, Eduard, 390, 401, 409

Sturluson, Snorri, 24, 86, 90; on Vaf­hbrudnismal, 92; Gylfaginning, 156, 160, 163; on the Maelstrom, 205, 207-208; Gollancz on, 363; critics of, 365-366; on Heimdal, 387

Styx, 147n, 184, 188, 190, 209; in Dante, 194-195; in Homer, 198; in Hesiod, 199, 200; color of, 292; powers of water from, 422

Submarine life, 391

Sumer, 267, 284, 288, 324, 438-439 Sumerian (language), 120, 302, 314, 449

Sumo Indians, 243

Sun, position of, 59, 246

Sun (Chinese monkey), 270

Suomi, 108

Surt, "the Black," 156-157, 161

Susa, 6

Susanowo, 168-172, 176, 292, 390, 425

Svarnara, 265

Symplegades, 318

Synchronicity, universal, 75

Syria, 214

Tafa'i, 291

Tahaki, 175, 426, 444-446

Tahiti, 291, 395

Taillte, Games of, 304

Talos, 178

Tamerlane, 335, 339

Tammuz, 91-92, 276, 281, 283, 448; identity of, 284-285

Tane, 223,445

Tantalos, 280

Tapir, the, and the Milky Way, 246­-247

Tarquin, King, 21-23; dream of, 37, 41

Tartaros, 183-185, 188, t94, 196, 199, 200, 238, 274

Taurus, 405; Age of, 125

Taylor, A. E., 187

Teiresias, 302

Telechines, 147n

Tell, William, 357

Tepictoton, 360

Testa, Domenico, 67

Teukros, 240, 256

Texcatlipoca, 247

Tezcatlipoca, 126, 136, 176, 261, 320, 322, 382, 405

Thamus, 275-277, 282, 34

Theaetetus, 190, 246

Theodoric, 335

Theodosius, Edict of, 34:

Theogony, 199

Theseus, 172

Thetis, 272,422

Thidrek (Theodoric), 133

Thiersch, F., 397-398

Third Vatican Mythograther, 239

Thjassi/Volund, the Maker, 155

Thor, 160, 161, 163, 261, 54-355

Thot, 151, 282, 348

Thucydides, 331

Thunder, sons of, 225-226

Thureau-Dangin, F., 124

Tiamat, 153, 261, 262

Tiberius, 275-277, 341

Tides, relation of to whirlpools, 208

Tiki, 316

Timaeus, 187, 246, 252, 376; creation scheme in, 305-309; as myth and wisdom, 328, 33 I, 334, 396-397

Time: as measure, 8; as dimension of heaven, 44; relation of to myth, 47; space preceded by, 65; rivers of heaven as, 201; and Saturn, 269; and timelessness, 270; biological vs. of mankind, 327-328; cyclic, 332; vs. space, 340-342

Time machine, 154, 307; and Preces­sion of Equinoxes, 143-144

Timon, 231

Titanus, 153, 274

Tlaloc, 290

Tolkien, J. R. R., 52

Tolstoy, Leo, 329-330

Tombs, study of, 303-304

Tonga, 204

Toscanelli, Paolo, 339

Tragedies, Greek, 117-118 Translation, problems of, 72

Trees, mythological, 223, 227, 247, 317; in epic of Gilgamesh, 437-450; in India, 444; in Tuamotua, 444-446; in Mexico, 446; in Finland, 446-447; significance of, 448-450

Trigon of Great Conjunctions, 268

Triptolemus, 116

Troy, 163, 336, 385

True Cross, 224

Tsham-Pas, 392

Tuamotu islands, 299, 444

Tungus, the, 247

Tupi, the, 166, 247

Tupi-Guarani, the, 247

Turan, 37

Turanians, 78, 80

Turkestan, 235

Turks, 371

Tursum Beg, 339-340

Turtle, in Greek myth, 369

Turu, 246

Tvashtri, 372, 393

Twilight of the Gods, 141, 163; Rag­narok, 156

Tycho, 228

Typhon, 249

Tyrol, 277, 280

Uemac, 360

Ugro-Finnish languages, 26

Uhland, Ludwig, 355, 357

Uller, 447

Ulysses, 197, 336-337; and the whirl­pool, 204

Umbilicus Maris, 238

Underworld, the, 267; sequence in rulers of, 448. See also Hades

Ungnad, Arthur, 420, 435

Universality of doctrines, 6-7

Untamo, 27-30, 430

Ural-Altaic Asia, center of shamanism, 121, 123

Urd, 234

Ursa Major, 247, 260, 264, 384, 405; seven oxen of, 138; on shield of Achilles, 385

Ursa Minor, 429

Urshanabi, 295, 296, 300, 411, 417; son-in-law of Enki-Ea, 301; comparative individuals to, 430

Uruk, 288, 290, 300-301, 440; meaning of, 304

Urvashi, 291

Usener, Hermann, 326

Utnapishtim, 209, 214, 219, 293, 295, 296; ark of, 221, 435; story of Deluge by, 297-298; and Gilgamesh, 298-301

Utopia, 51n

Uzumue, 425

Vadava-mukha, 394

Vafthrudnismal, 366-367, 378; Snorri on, 92

Vainamoinen, 97, 98-99, 115, 128, 141, 206, 210, 216, 228, 447; in belly of ogre, 103-104; and stealing of the Sampo, 104-107; and Kantele, 108, 109, 369; departure of, 110-111; con­test of with Youkahainen, 113; and Kullervo, 114-115; as shaman, 129

Vaisvanara, an Agni, 429

Vajda, Laszlo, 121

Valens, 256

Valerius Maximus, 21, 23

Valéry, Paul, quoted, 56, 344

Valhalla, 7, 162

Vall, 161

van der Waerden, B. L., 211, 401, 436

Vanir, the, 155, 160

Varahamihira, 65-66, 398

Varuna, 263, 264, 265

Vasishtha. 264, 392

Vedas, 7, 335, 345-346, 374, 393

Vega, 261-262

Venus (planet), 74, 216, 239. 261, 290, 355

Vezelay, 261

Vidal, 160, 161

Vigfusson, 94, 139, 156n

Vindler (Heimdal), 159

Vipunen, 103-104

Virchow, Rudolf, 71

Virgil, 59-60, 62, 164, 176, 296, 336, 424; supposed prophecy of, 114, 244-245; Georgics, 167, 258; quoted, 192; as Dante's guide, 192-198; on Lethe, 407

Virgo, 245, 248-249

Vishnu, 78-79, 82, 259-260, 383; Krishna in, 309; and horse's head, 393, 394

Vishvamitra, 236

Voguls, 26, 130; on the Milky Way, 247

Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet, 334

Voluspa, 141, 160

von Hammer, 339

von Soden, 433

Vortex, 111

Votyaks, 26

Vrihaspati, 372

Vurukasha Lake, 40, 215, 217, 265

Wagner, Richard, 156

Wainwright, G. A., 405

Waralden olmay, 130

Warner, Arthur, 36n, 83, 84

Warner, Edward, 36n, 83, 84

Wars of Alexander, The, 20-21

Water, origin of, 223

Way-openers, cosmological relevance of, 318

Weber, A., 428

Weidner, Ernst, 307, 403, 436

Weil, Simone, 329, 330, 331

Wells, stones thrown in , 423, 426

Werewolves, 278

West Africans, 7

Westphalia, 249

West Sudan, 126, 249,43

Whakatu, 174

Wheeler, Post, 169

Whirlpool, 90-91, 320; universality of, 204-205; in Homer, 2 ; among the    Norse, 205; in Adam of Bremen, 206; among the Cherokee, 207; in Snorri, 207-208; in the sky, 210-212; summary of information on, 238-­239; as ecliptic world, 40; Eridanus as, 258. See also Grotte.

White, Lynn, 388

Whitehead, Alfred North, 64

Whitney, W. D., 233, 374

Wild Hunter, the, 249, 292

Wilson, H. H., 260

Wiseman, D. J., 411

Wissowa, 326

Woehler, Friedrich, viii

Wolves, 278-279

World-Observer, 130

Wright, Austin, 51n

Xerxes, 84

Xolotl, 93

Yakuts, the, 128, 130, 247

Yama, 50, 146, 304, 360, 373. See also Yima

Yama Agastya, 319

Year, varying lengths of, 428

Yggdrasil, the World Ash, 223, 133, 447

Yima (jamshyd), 40, 41, 146, 153, 283, 448. See also Yama

Yima-ssaeta, 146

Ymer, 92

Youkahainen, 113

Yu the Great, 128, 129, 270

Yucaran, 247

Yudhishthira, 76-.77, 79, 85, 309

Zaehner,R. C., 376

Zahan, D., 60

Zahhak, 84

Zal, 43

zalos, 258

Zebedee, 225, 226

Zend Avesta, 36

Zenker, R., 37

Zeus, 222, 259, 263, 267,437; and fall of Hephaistos, 272-273; and Lykaon, 278-279; and Kronos, 280, 299,424

Zeus the Miller, 116

Ziggurat, the, 123

Zipacna, 175, 390

Zodiac, 186-187; true center of action, 60; "signs" of, 144

Zohar, 396

Zonaras, 23

Zoroaster, 84, 376

Zu-bird, 440, 443

Zurvan akarana, 129, 189, 374, 376