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  Heinrich Events


The calving of ice sheets into the global ocean introduces the
possibility of coarse-grained sediment being deposited far from
continental margins.


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Surprisingly, ice-rafted sedimentation in the North Atlantic shows
evidence of sharply defined episodes of high sedimentation. Detailed
examination of these marine sediments indicates that they originated
from the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the general region of Hudson Bay, Canada.

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One interpretation of Heinrich events is that they are evidence for
instability of the Laurentide Ice Sheet associated with surges of an ice
stream the once operated in Hudson Strait.


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The observed pattern (Dowdeswell et al., 1995) of ice-rafted
sedimentation associated with the H1 Heinrich event is compared to the
pattern predicted by simulation modelling (Clarke and La Prairie, 2001).


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Clarke, G. K. C., and D. I. La Prairie. 2001. Modelling iceberg drift
and ice-rafted sedimentation. In: /Continuum mechanics and applications
in geophysics and the environment/, edited by B. Straughan, R. Greve, H.
Ehrentraut and Y. Wang, pp. 183-200, Springer-Verlag, New York.

Clarke, G. K. C., S. J. Marshall, C. Hillaire-Marcel, G. Bilodeau, and
C. Veiga-Pires. 1999. A glaciological perspective on Heinrich events.
/In/ Clark, P. U., Webb, R., and Keigwin, L. D. (eds.) /Mechanisms of
global climate change at millennial time scales/. American Geophysical
Union, Monography 112, 243-262.

Dowdeswell, J. A., M. A. Maslin, J. T. Andrews, J. T., and I. N. McCave.
1995. Iceberg production, debris rafting, and the extent and thickness
of Heinrich layers (H-1, H-2) in North Atlantic sediments. /Geology/,
*23*, 301-304.

Hemming, S. R. 2004. Heinrich events: massive late Pleistocene detritus
layers of the North Atlantic and their global imprint. /Reviews of
Geophysics/, *42*, RG1005, doi:10.1029/2003RG000128.

Marshall, S. J., and G. K. C. Clarke. 1997. A continuum mixture model of
ice stream thermomechanics in the Laurentide Ice Sheet, II. Applicatoin
to the Hudson Strait Ice Stream. /Journal of Geophysical Research/,
*102*(B9), 20615-20638.