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Oldie but Goodie: The 2350 BC Middle East Anomaly Evidenced By
Micro-debris Fallout, Surface Combustion And Soil Explosion
Abstract of talk by Marie-Agnès Courty
CNRS-CM. Lab. de Science des Sols et Hydrologic, INA P-G, 78850
Grignon, France. email: fedoroff[at]diamant.jouy.inra.dr
Presented at the SIS Conference: Natural Catastrophes during Bronze
Age Civilisations (11th-13th July 1997)
Further investigations allow to re-examine the nature, age, causes
and effects of the third millennium catastrophe identified from our
earlier findings. Test on various late Gird millennium BC
archaeological deposit and contemporaneous provides evidence for the
regional occurrence in northern Syria of a layer with an uncommon
petrographic assemblage, dated at ca. 2350 BC (transition between
late Early Dynastic and Early Akkad). It consists of fine
send-sized, well sorted spherules of various composition (silica,
silicates and fibro-radiated calcite), millimetric fragments of a
black, vesicular, amorphous material made of silicates with Mg-Ca
carbonate and phosphate inclusions, ovoid micro-aggregates made of
densely packed crystals (calcite, gypsum or feldspars) and exogenous
angular fragments of a coarse crystallised igneous rock. All these
particles are only present in this specific layer and are finely
mixed with mud-brick debris or with a burnt surface horizon in the
contemporaneous soils. In occupation sequences, the layer displays
an uncommon dense packing of sand-sized, very porous aggregates that
suggests disintegration of the mud-brick construction by an air
blast. In the virgin soil, the burnt horizon contains black soot and
graphite, and appears to have been instantaneously fossilised by a
rapid and uncommon colluvial wash. Occurrence in a previously
recorded thick tephra deposit of particles identical to some of the
mysterious layer and resemblance of its original pseudo-sand fabric
with t he exploded one of the mysterious layer confirms that the
later is contemporaneous with the tephra deposit It has been however
impossible to find typical tephra shards in sites located at a few
km around the one with the tephra deposit The restricted occurrence
of the later suggests that the massive tephra accumulation can no
longer be considered as a typical fallout derived from the
dispersion of material from a terrestrial volcanic explosion.
Analytical investigations in various directions have been unable, so
far, to refute or confirm that a cosmic event would have been the
cause for production of both the widely distributed mysterious
particles and the localised thick tephra. Origin of this mysterious
phenomena still remains unsolved.
The excellent stratigraphical correlation between sites that are
distant of a few hundred km clearly shows that the instantaneous
dust fallout, previously considered as the initiative mechanism to
the ca. 2200 yr BC abrupt climate change, occurred more than one
hundred years earlier. The loose soil fabric, originally correlated
with effects of strong winds and rapid establishment of aridity, can
now be re-interpreted and possibly assigned to a violent blow-up.
The theory of the Akkad empire collapse has, however, lost its
basis. Soil specialists, geochemists and archaeologists should join
their effort to solve this problem, and debate the exact nature of
the socio cultural echo to this extraordinary event Our study
illustrates the exceptional potential of archaeological sites to
offer well preserved sedimentary archives of instantaneous phenomena
that have shacked past terrestrial environments. It also
demonstrates the importance of a high temporal resolution for
debating causality of natural catastrophe on societal phenomena.
Soil-sedimentary markers are in a way less subjective than
historical sources for providing such a precision, although their
interpretation might also be controversial, particularly when facing
lack of analogues from the past or the present.
April 13th, 2010 | Category: Uncategorized
5 comments to Oldie but Goodie: The 2350 BC Middle East Anomaly
Evidenced By Micro-debris Fallout, Surface Combustion And Soil
Explosion
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Racheal
April 14th, 2010 at 10:40 am
I would like to find out if any one has related the YD to the tilt
of the earth that has been cited as the cause for the green Sahara
about the same time. I understand these events are on different
sides of the earth but if they both happened it is still the same
earth that tilted. Please reply as I have a passion to know. Thanks
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Rod Chilton
April 16th, 2010 at 11:29 am
Hi Rachel: I will try and answer your question. First off, Yes the
tilt of the Earth does have some influence upon climate. This is,
as you probably know one of the three important cycles that our
Earth undergoes in relation to the sun. The orbital tilt goes
through an approximate 41,000 to 43,000 cycle with its tilt
ranging from about 21.6 to 24.5 degrees. we are currently tilted
at an angle of 23.5 degrees. It is said that when the tilt is more
sever (24.5 degrees) the climate in the Northern hemisphere is
colder in winter at the mid to high latitudes. Conversely, when
the tilt is at its least, the winters tend to be warmer. There may
be some influence as well on the Sahara (But I don’t expect this
is the prime reason for changes round about the time of the
Younger Dryas. I have it by all accounts that yes the Sahara has
been green periodically from the last ice age on into the Holocene
(that began about 10,000 years ago). The specific times you are
alluding to appeard to have the Sahara quite wet around 15,000 BP.
This was within the mild Allerod Bolling interval, then
accompanying the beginning of the Younger Dryas a shift in might
well have been worldwide climate took place. This change was very
sudden, likely in perhaps only one to three years. The climate
generally became much colder and drier in the majority of locales.
Coinciding with the cooling of the North Atlantic, the region that
extends from southern Europe into Africa has a shift to much drier
conditions. So you see that yes it was greener just after the last
ice age, but became drier in the Younger dryas, but once again
returned to mosr moist conditions shortly after the Younger Dryas
ended. Hope this helps. Rod
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E.P. Grondine
April 21st, 2010 at 8:24 pm
It is possible that the exact date for this event at Tel Leilan is
the same that the Maya gave for the Rio Cuarto impacts: 25
October, 2,360 BCE.
The entire population of Malta disappears from the face of the
Earth at roughly this exact same time.
If there was any wetting of the Sahara it would likely have been
due to impact dust load cooling of the Earth, rather than the
Earth being tilted by impact.
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E.P. Grondine
April 21st, 2010 at 8:28 pm
If there was any wetting of the Sahara at 2,360 BCE it would
likely have been from dust load cooling of the Earth, rather than
the Earth being tilted by impact.
The YD impacts appear to have caused a change in the circulation
of the Earth’s oceans, which may have played a large role in the
drying of the Sahara.
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Rod Chilton
April 22nd, 2010 at 1:44 pm
Hi Ed: I think that yes the Tel Leilan event as detected by Marie
Agnes Courty may well have taken place at the same time as Rio
Cuarto. I will look into this further however. Also, the climate
at this time actually became drier throughout much of Africa
approximately 4500 BP. And this does seem to be the case when
there are impacts events. Secondly the so called greening of the
Sahara appears to coincide with times that are warmer as in the
case of the Allerod and Bolling interstadials. thirdly, I do not
believe that the relatively small impact events that we are
speaking of here will have little if any significant influence
upon the Earth’s orbit (in this case the tilt of the axis. We are
not after all talking about ten Kilometre wide abjects striking
the earth (as was the case 65 million years ago). Rather these
events, including the one at the Younger Dryas, are in the form of
what Bill Napier and Victor Clube describe as cosmic showers.