mirrored file at http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== _Earth's Ancient History_ _A Website dedicated to Ancient Times_ _________________________________________________________________ Search my website, type a word or phrase and hit search 0 Search Query ____________________ Search [1]Links [2]Mailinglist [3]New additions [4]World news [5]Public domain _________________________________________________________________ _Sub Domain Navigation_ [ [6]Main Index ][ [7]America ][ [8]Apochrypha ][ [9]Arabia ][ [10]Atlantis ][ [11]Babylon ][ [12]Egypt ][ [13]Europe ][ [14]Greece ][ [15]India ][ [16]Islam ][ [17]Jewish ][ [18]Persian ][ [19]Pseudepigrapha ][ [20]Roman ][ [21]Sumer ] _Site Navigation_ [22]Home [23]Up Chapter 12 _________________________________________________________________ ___chapter 12_ ___The Sumerian king list_ ___The "real" timetable of Ancient history_ ___Updated and partly revised by the author._ ________________________________________________________________ ___As mentioned in earlier chapters the Sumerians compiled a list that purported to show all the kings who ruled Sumer from Creation to the final Semitic conquest on about 2000 BCE. The Sumerian Kings List covers both "mythical" and historical times._ __ _In chapter 11 we could read the history and the timeline of the Sumerian period through the eyes of Scholars. In this chapter I will give my interpretation of the history of Mesopotamia with a lot of references to stories found on tablets in that area complete with the time I reconstructed in accordance to the already mentioned tablets and one tablet in particular, The Sumerian King list._ __ _Some early texts are the Sumerian King Lists, known in ancient times by the first line or the first few opening words: (Sumerian) _ _nam.lugal meaning 'kingship' with _ _lugal_ _'king', the sign _ _nam introduces an abstract noun in Sumerian (and later in Akkadian compound logograms)._ __ _Probably are the oldest lists composed in the 22nd century BCE but that is far from proven, many centuries after the times they refer to, but the date is far from proven because there are many of them even composed in earlier and in latter centuries during the Babylonian ages. The lists are copied by generations of scribes and standardized in this process until in the Old Babylonian time a canonical version exists extended with kings up to that time period._ __ _The Lists are first studied by Jacobsen and published in 1939. It is still a basic tool in studying the earliest history of Mesopotamia. Scholars believes that the lists sometimes contradicts other epic stories because certain kings should be contemporaneous, even when it don't show to do so in the King Lists, in my opinion is the reason simple, Scholars don't accept the long lifetime of these kings. We will see later in this chapter that the Epics don't conflict when you are willing to accept the lifetime of the early kings._ ________________________________________________________________ ___A description in the Archaeology Odyssey, the sceptics of Scholars in accordance to the Sumerian King lists._ __ _Taken from [24]Archaeology Odyssey, May/June 2000._ __ _In the early 1900s, the colorful, cranky German-American scholar Hermann Hilprecht examined a 4,000-year-old cuneiform tablet that had been excavated at the site of ancient Nippur. What he held was the first fragment of the Sumerian King List an ancient Mesopotamian document claiming to identify every king in Sumerian history._ __ _Since Hilprecht's discovery, at least 18 other exemplars of the king list have been found, most of them dating from the second half of the Isin dynasty (c. 2017-1794 BCE.). No two of these documents, however, are identical. One of them, a so-called non-standard version, traces the origins of Sumerian kingship all the way back to the beginnings of human history and includes an account of a great flood (not unlike the biblical deluge). Other exemplars trace shorter periods of time or contain mere fragments of the king list. Still, there is enough common material in all 15 versions of the list to make it clear that they are derived from a single, "ideal" account of Sumerian history._ __ _The 8-inch-high Weld-Blundell prism--probably discovered during the 1921 excavation of Larsa, in southern Mesopotamia--is the most complete extant copy of the list. It begins: "When kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridu [the oldest of the Sumerian cities]." Then come the names and regnal years of each of the kings who ruled from that city._ __ _Most versions of the king list follow a similar narrative pattern in recording kings of the Sumerian city-states, some of which existed simultaneously. They state the name of an important Sumerian capital, supply a list of its rulers and then describe each royal dynasty's downfall: "[City A] was smitten with weapons; its kingship was carried to [city B]."_ __ _Taken from [25]Archaeology Odyssey, July/August 2000._ __ _Unfortunately, for all their name-dropping, none of the extant lists provides completely reliable information about ancient Sumer. The reigns of many of the rulers cited are clearly fictitious. One very dedicated king, for example, is said to have ruled for over 43,000 years! In addition, only a few rulers of each dynasty are discussed in any detail, and only some of the rulers mentioned in the list can be found in other ancient sources. (One notable exception is the legendary warrior-king Gilgamesh, who appears in several versions of the list, as well as in numerous Sumerian stories.) Nevertheless, the king list does introduce some interesting and colorful characters, such as a female barkeep who was "king" of Kish for 100 years._ __ _Most scholars believe that the king list was really a work of political propaganda, designed to help the rulers of the Isin dynasty in their bid to take over southern Mesopotamia. By weaving all of the disparate, often competing dynasties of ancient Sumer into a single seamless narrative, the authors of the list were trying to suggest that the rulers of Isin were part of a long and illustrious royal heritage--one that could trace its lineage all the way back to the time when "kingship descended from heaven." Not a bad qualification for leadership, by anyone's reckoning._ __ _The commentator forgot to tell that there are much more tablets with Kings mentioned in the Sumerian King lists, for instance Enmerkar, Aga, En-men-barage-si and many, many other kings. The description of these kings you can read later in this chapter towards the dynasty they belonged to, including a reference to the tablets with their story._ ________________________________________________________________ ___The Sumerian King list_ ___To view the original translation of the Sumerian king list you can open a new window if you like : [26]Sumerian King list_ __ _In accordance to the Sumerian story there were 7 previous ages (time about 270,000 years) before the Great Flood._ __ _The early Sumerian king list names eight kings with a total of 241,200 years from the time when "the kingship was lowered from heaven" to the time when "the Flood" swept over the land and once more "the kingship was lowered from heaven" after the Flood. (Thorkild Jacobsen, The Sumerian King List, 1939, pp. 71, 77)._ __ _In the lists Kingship is seen as a divine institution: it descended from heaven. The opening line of the text is: _ _`When kingship was lowered from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug.' Because of this, kingship is seen as an institution that is shared by different cities. Each city takes its turn during a certain period._ __ _The Sumerian sign for 'government' or 'year(s) of government' is the same sign for 'turn', _ _bala taken as loan word by the Akkadians as palu". It is written with the sign BAL which in later New Assyrian orthography is BAL . In Akkadian it is used as a logogram. The sign developed from a pictogram of the shuttle of a loom (the rotating part, to weave tissue, together with the determinative for 'wood' it still means 'shuttle of a loom') and was used for words meaning 'to rotate', 'turn' and thus also 'government'._ __ _About eight (in other versions ten) antediluvian kings are mentioned together with their periods of government. The first kings reigned in pre-historic times and lived for unbelievably long periods of time before the Flood. Added together they "would have" ruled for 241,200 years....._ __ _Scholars are aware that there is even a problem with the time the Kings lived and also which Kings eventually ruled together in different cities. We will see that they are wrong because only a few dynasties existed together but most of them followed after each other as the king list clearly describes._ __ _As I mentioned in chapter 11 scholars are unwilling to except the long lifetime of the first kings in this list and they say that the lifetime is purely fictitious but on the other hand most of them accept the long lifetime of the Earth-fathers in the Bible as true. I can't imagine that over a period of thousands of years in which several versions of the King list were written down all authors were propagandists. Do you belief that, I don't._ __ _Scholars composed their timeline because they read the King list with "Human eyes". Nevertheless most Scholars still believes in the long lifetime of the Earth-fathers in the Bible (Adam - Noah of about 900 years each). They accepts that as a fact but why not accept the timeline of the Sumerian King list as a fact ?._ __ _Another argument is, see also chapter 11, that Assyriology is a young science and its impossible that scholars can make a final conclusion that the time spans, mentioned in the King list, are based on fiction._ __ _During my study of the King list I encountered a problem regarding the time in which the kings ruled so I decided first to see if there are stories who could be linked to some kings and indeed I found some of them. Another problem was the timeline of the history written down in the lists. I concluded that the reconstruction was only possible when I made a calculation back in time._ __ _The time in which Ur-Nammu, the founder of the third dynasty of Ur, lived (2112 - 2094 BCE) is known and accepted by most Scholars. With this date in mind I could make a calculation back in time until the first kings of the King list. So I used the chronology of the Sumerian King back in time from King Ur-Nammu, the founder of the Ur III dynasty. Finally I accepted the times mentioned in the King list as the truth, including the years of reign of the early kings. With that in mind I make a calculation back in time until the date of the Great Flood and the date when the Kingship was lowered from Heaven for the first time._ __ _We will see also that the timeline of Scholars is based on the theory that most Dynasties in the Sumerian period existed at the same time but in my opinion that is most uncertain because the King list is very clear in it's explanation of, at least, the follow up of most Dynasties, nevertheless there is indeed prove that some of them existed at the same time._ __ _I am aware that some Dynasties indeed existed together, we can read that in some stories on tablets found in Mesopotamia but that thus not conclude all Dynasties existed in a few hundred years as we could read in chapter 11, in the timetable of scholars. That's, in my opinion, the problem why the timetable handed by Scholars is wrong._ ________________________________________________________________ ___The real timeline of Mesopotamia_ ___We can't still imagine that man could live as long as written in the Sumerian King list but were they really man ?, No, they were not. In chapter 11 we could read already that the period in which modern men was created by the Gods can't fit in the period of the first eight Kings of the list. The conclusion therefore can be made that these Kings were at least Gods or Demi-Gods and they came from Heaven as clearly is written, further they ruled on Earth for a long time before the Flood._ __ _The first dynasties of Kic and Unug after the Flood, when the Kingship was lowered for the second time from Heaven, were also Gods and Dem-Gods and they ruled on Earth until historical times. Most of them for thousands of years and the "direct" offspring of these Gods for hundreds of years. Prove of that we can find in several stories of the Kings from Kic and Unug, see later in this chapter._ __ _The Sumerian tablets and the Bible as well are very clear about that but scholars don't believe in these stories as mentioned before, so they shrunk the rule-time of these ancient Kings to a period of 150 years for ALL dynasties. If you belief what is written in the Bible and read the chapters before you can conclude that the Earth-fathers from the Bible and the Gods of Mesopotamia lived for a long time and that a long lifetime was common at that time._ __ _With that in mind I made a timetable with the Kings mentioned in the Sumerian King list. As mentioned I made this calculation back in time from the time of King Ur-Nammu, the founder of the third dynasty of Ur, because most scholars are more or less sure that he ruled from 2,112 - 2,094 BCE._ __ _The reader can soon make the conclusion himself that the time in which the Flood took place must be placed much earlier in history then scholars learn us today._ __ _To make this conclusion together we will read the whole translation of the Sumerian King list, the original and oldest text, dated from about 2,000 BCE is colored green The, so called, Isin version dated from about 1,800 BCE colored purple and my additional comments colored brown._ _______________________________________________________________ __Kings before the Flood_ ___Rule of the Gods (Anunnaki) _ ___Kings in Heaven_ ___About 433,578 - 271,578 BCE._ __ _Alorus became king; he ruled for 162,000 years._ __ _Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Alorus_ _162,000 years_ _433517 - 271517 BCE_ _Total 1 king; 162,000 years_ ___It's uncertain who the counterpart is of Alorus, some scholars presume that he is the same as Adam in the Bible. In my opinion he was a God, maybe another name for An or Anu._ __ _The First Dynasty on Earth_ ___The following ancient kings ruled successively from the five original pre-flood cities :_ _Eridug, Bad-Tibira, Larag, Zimbir and Curuppag._ __ _Eridug (Eridu)_ ___About 271,578 - 206,778 BCE._ __ _Eridug, the first city mentioned, is the city of the water god Enki/Ea (one of the triad of Gods in the Sumerian pantheon, see chapter 9). It was probably situated in the extreme south of Mesopotamia near the sea or a lagoon. Probably Eri-dugga, "good city", at the mounds of Abu-Sharain but _ _the exact location has never been found. According to some Sumerian traditions, Eridug was the first city built by man. It was the home of Adapa, the so-called Babylonian Adam._ __ _After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug. In Eridug._ __ _Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800 years._ __ _Alaljar ruled for 36000 years._ ___See [27]The Eridu Genesis and [28]The lament of Eridug_ __ _2 kings; they ruled for 64800 years._ __ _They were called Kings from Heaven and they reigned for 64,800 years._ __ _Then Eridug fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira._ __ _Bad-tibira_ __ _About 206778 - 98778 BCE _ ___A city probably located on the Sumerian Plain roughly between Ur and Lagash. Dumuzid was it's tutelary deity. _ _The exact location of the city has never been found._ __ _In Bad-tibira, En-men-lu-ana ruled for 43200 years._ __ _En-men-gal-ana ruled for 28800 years._ __ _Dumuzid, the shepherd, ruled for 36000 years._ ___See [29]Nanna-Suen's journey to Nibru and _ _[30]Dumuzid and Geshtinnana_ __ _3 kings; they ruled for 108000 years._ __ _Then Bad-tibira fell and the kingship was taken to Larag._ __ _Larag (Larak)_ ___About 98778 - 68978 BCE._ __ _The location of Larag has not been positively identified, but is believed to have been on the Tigris, east of Kic (Kish). The city was dedicated to Pabilsag, the god of trees. Even as Eridug and Bad-tibira _ _the exact location of the city has never been found._ __ _In Larag, En-sipad-zid-ana ruled for 28800 years. _ __ _See also [31]Pabilsaj journey to Nibru_ __ _1 king; ruled for 28800 years._ __ _Then Larag fell and the kingship was taken to Zimbir._ __ _Zimbir (Sippar)_ ___About 69978 - 48978 BCE._ __ _Sippar's tutelary deity was Utu (Semitic Shamash), the sun-god and the god of justice._ __ _It is said that the secrets of divination were shown to a king of Sippar, also by divine revelation. Gods make their will, intentions and answers known to the people by supernatural means: numerous omens and signs that needed explanation. The exegesis of omens was seen as a discipline (`science') to inquire the gods. It was an official institution, used by the king to collect information. No decision of any importance was taken without proper consulting. The sun god Utu is in particular connected with the discipline of divination. He is in a position to oversee everything, so also the future._ __ _It was probably the most northern of the Sumerian cities But also as all cities before _ _the exact location has never been found._ __ _In Zimbir,_ _En-men-dur-ana became king; he ruled for 21000 years._ __ _1 king; ruled for 21000 years._ __ _Then Zimbir fell and the kingship was taken to Curuppag._ __ _Curuppag (Shuruppak, Uruppak)_ ___About 48978 - 30378 BCE_ __ _Curuppag is probably a city on the banks of the Euphrates, near modern Fara _ _The exact location has never been found either. The last king of Curuppag was the hero in the Flood story Ziusudra, the Sumerian Noah. He was a prince or noble of the town, possibly the son of Ubara-tutu. It is also possible that he did rule as king._ __ _Shuruppak was dedicated to Ansud, the goddess of grain. She was also known as Sud and as Enlil's consort Ninlil._ __ _In Curuppag, _ _Ubara-Tutu became king; he ruled for 18600 years._ __ _See also [32]The instructions of Shuruppag_ __ _1 king; ruled for 18600 years._ __ _In 5 cities 8 kings; they ruled for 241200 years._ __ _Then the flood swept over._ __ _See [33]The Sumerian flood Story_ __ _The attended reader have already mentioned that ALL cities from before the Flood are still not found and never will be found because they are destroyed due to catastrophic occurrences shortly before and during the Flood._ ______________________________________________________________ ___Antediluvian period_ King City Length of Rule Alorus Heaven 162,000 1 Alulim Eridug 28,800 2 Alaljar Eridug 36,000 3 Enmenluana Bad-Tibira_ 43,200_ 4 Enmengalana Bad-Tibira_ 28,800_ 5 Dumuzid Bad-Tibira_ 36,000_ 6 Ensipadzidana Larag_ 28,800_ 7 Ermendurana_ Zimbir_ 21,000_ 8 UbaraTutu_ Curuppag_ 18,600_ 9 UtaNapishtim ? 28,800 _ Total 270,000 _ ___* 1 Sar = 3,600 years, 1 Ner = 600 years. _ __ _These Kings represented the five cities before the Great Flood._ __ _Eridug or Eridu _ __ _Bad-tibira _ __ _Larag or Larak _ __ _Zimbir or Sippar _ __ _Curuppag or Shuruppak _ ___While in Eridu Kings from Heaven reigned for 64,800 years before the Flood._ __ _Together they ruled for 432,000 years before the Flood (120 Sar)_ __ _Table of the first kingship on Earth_ ___Sumerian Name_ _City_ _Length_ _Time_ _Alulim_ _Eridu_ _28,800 years_ _271578 - 242778 BCE_ _Alaljar_ _Eridu_ _36,000 years_ _242778 - 206778 BCE_ _En-men-lu-ana_ _Bad-Tibira_ _43,200 years_ _206778 - 163578 BCE_ _En-men-gal-ana_ _Bad-Tibira_ _28,800 years_ _163578 - 134778 BCE_ _Dumuzid_ _Bad-Tibira_ _36,000 years_ _134778 - 98778 BCE_ _En-sipad-zid-ana_ _Larag_ _28,800 years_ _98778 - 69978 BCE_ _En-men-dur-ana_ _Zimbir_ _21,000 years_ _69978 - 48978 BCE_ _Ubara-Tutu_ _Curuppag_ _18,600 years_ _48978 - 30378 BCE_ _Total 8 kings_ _5 cities __241,200 years_ _The Flood took place about 30,378 BCE._ __ _Most scholars don't think there is any similarity with the Bible because the Earth-fathers before the flood counted 10 rulers from Adam to Noah. What they overlooked is the fact that not All of them could have ruled because they succeeded their father after his dead. So one earth-father can be crossed out as ruler namely Lamech, the father of Noah because he died 5 years BEFORE Methuselah. With that in mind we have only to place 9 earth-fathers in the list of successors. Further it's uncertain that Enoch ruled himself because he disappeared during the rule time of Seth. So finally we have only to count 8 rules before the flood. You see that also the Bible counts at last also 8 rules and not 10 as most scholars think. (See the [34]Generation table of the Bible)_ __ _When we look at the above table we can try if there is a similarity with the Earth-fathers in the Bible._ __ _Sumerian king list in acc. to the Bible._ ___King list_ _King list_ _Bible_ _Bible_ _Alulim_ _28,800 years_ _Seth_ _112 years_ _Alaljar_ _36,000 years_ _Enos_ _98 years_ _En-men-lu-ana_ _43,200 years_ _Cainan_ _95 years_ _En-men-gal-ana_ _28,800 years_ _Mahalaleel_ _55 years_ _Dumuzid_ _36,000 years_ _Yared_ _132 years_ _En-sipad-zid-ana_ _28,800 years_ _Enoch_ _0 years_ _En-men-dur-ana_ _21,000 years_ _Methuselah_ _234 years_ _Ubara-Tutu_ _18,600 years_ _Lamech_ _0 years_ _Total_ _241,200 years_ _726 years_ _As you can see there is no logical similarity between the king list and the Bible but that thus not prove that some or all of the pre-diluvium kings can be identified with the Earth-fathers. The timeline used in the Bible is often discussed as pure fiction too._ __ _My conclusion is that the first 8 kings in the Sumerian king list can't be identified with the Earth-fathers from Adam to Noah._ ___________________________________________________________________ _______Map of the Sumerian Cities and possible locations of the Antediluvian cities_ ___________________________________________________________________ ___After the flood the Gods came back to Earth and build a "new" home for themselves called : _ __ _Nippur_ ___It is possible that the place where Nippur was build was the location of the Antediluvian city of Zimbir_ __ _Nippur was the _ _religious capital of Sumer and holy for the Sumerians, being the home of the supreme god Enlil on Earth. Some of the believers in an archaic democracy think that Nippur was a sort of "federal capital" with delegates from every city going there to elect a king in times of war. _ _The house of Enlil was called _ _"Duranki", the "temple" of Enlil was called "E-kur". In later chapter about Nibiru I will explain more details about the so named "E-kur"_ __ _As long as the Gods were on Earth Nippur was a forbidden zone for Humans._ ___________________________________________________________________ ___Kings after the Flood_ ___The Lesser Gods (Igigi) period_ __ _After the flood had swept over, and the kingship had descended from heaven, the kingship was in Kic._ __ _The First Dynasty of Kic_ ___About 30378 - 5868 BCE._ __ _Kic or Kish is most likely the same as Nibru, the city mentioned in a lot of Sumerian tablets it is also possible that Nibru and Nippur are the same city but that is not proven yet._ __ _Kish was the first city to gain control "after the deluge" gaining overlord ship over all of Sumer. Sumer was unified in name, with all the city-states recognizing Kish as their overlord, in words if not in deeds. In fact, each city was independent and usually merely paid Kish lip service and the occasional tribute. Later kings used the title "King of Kish" to legitimize their rule. King of Kish came to mean imperial control or overlord ship. The King of Kish seems to have been given the control of Nippur by default. This looks not so strange as we will see later._ __ _The tutelary deity of Kish was Zababa, the warrior god, another name for Ninurta (Ningirsu) (Ninurta was the God Yahweh in the Bible and the God who destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah in later times, see later chapter 13)._ __ _All the kings of the period from the flood to historical age ruled in Kish. About half of them have Semitic names, meaning that Semites were established in Sumer, or at least the northern part, even at this ancient date and that not all interaction between the two groups was hostile. There is reason to believe that the kings were historical._ __ ___In Kic, Jucur Gaur_ _became king; he ruled for 1200 years._ __ ___Kullassina-bel Gulla-Nidaba-annapad _ _ruled for 960 years._ __ ___Nanjiclicma Palakinatim_ _ruled for 6700 _ _900_ _years._ __ ___En-tarah-ana ruled for Nangishkushma_ _420 670 _ _years ..., 3 months, and 3 1/2 days._ __ ___Babum ......Bahina_ _ruled for 300 years._ __ ___Puannum Buanum_ _ruled for 840 years._ __ ___Kalibum Kalibum _ _ruled for 960 years._ __ ___Kalumum Galumum _ _ruled for 840 years._ __ ___Zuqaqip Zukakip_ _ruled for 900 years._ __ ___Atab Atab_ _ruled for 600 years._ __ ___Macda Mashda_ _, the son of Atab, ruled for 840 years._ __ ___Arwium Arurim_ _, the son of Macda, ruled for 720 years._ __ ___Etana Etana_ _, the shepherd, who ascended to heaven and consolidated all the foreign countries, became king; he ruled for 1500 1560_ _years._ ___See also [35]The Myth of Etana_ __ ___Balih Balih_ _, the son of Etana, ruled for 400 years._ __ ___En-me-nuna Enmenunna_ _ruled for 660 years._ __ ___Melem-Kic Melam-Kish_ _, the son of En-me-nuna, ruled for 900 years._ __ _1560 are the years of the dynasty of En-me-nuna _ __ ___Barsal-nuna Barsalnunna_ _, the son of En-me-nuna, ruled for 1200 years._ __ ___Zamug Meszamug_ _, the son of Barsal-nuna, ruled for 140 years._ __ ___Tizqar Tizkar_ _, the son of Zamug, ruled for 305 years._ __ ___Ilcu Ilku_ _, ruled for 900 years._ __ ___Iltasadum Iltasadum _ _ruled for 1200 years._ ___The last two God kings of Kic ruled in the same time as the First Dynasty of Unug (Uruk), the half Gods. They were :_ __ ___En-men-barage-si Enmebaraggesi_ _, who made the land of Elam submit, became king; he ruled for 900 years._ __ ___Aga Agga_ _, the son of En-men-barage-si, ruled for 625 years._ ___See also [36]The history of the Tummal and [37]Enmerkar and the lord of Aratta._ __ _En-men-barage-si was captured by Dumuzid the fisherman, the king of Kuara *_ __ _* We can make a calculation of the dates of all kings above because we know when Gilgamesh ( 6105-5979 _ _BCE) lived (see the story later)._ __ _When we read [38]The history of Tummal_ _we have proof that En-men-barage-si, the king, built the Iri-nanam in Enlil's temple._ __ _Aga, son of En-me-barage-si, made the Tummal flourish and brought Ninlil (the spouse of Enlil) into the Tummal. Then the Tummal fell into ruins for the first time (War between the Gods and Half-Gods)._ __ _When we read the story of [39]Gilgamesh and Aga we have proof that Aga and Gilgamesh lived at the same time because Aga came from Kic to Gilgamesh at Unug to ask him to finish digging wells together. Gilgamesh first refuse and made war with Aga. Gilgamesh is victorious but set Aga free to go back to Kic._ __ _23 kings they ruled for 24510 years, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days._ __ _Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to E-ana._ __ _All told, twenty-three kings ruled a total of 24,510 years, 3 months and 3½ days before Kish was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Eanna._ __ _The attended reader have already noticed that both king list differs in the rule time of some kings but both lists have the same total time span of the Dynasty._ __ _All above Kings were Gods and Children of Gods_ ___Because of the fights between the Gods and the Half-Gods on Earth at that period the Gods decided to retrieve in the background and called the Gods on Earth back to E-ana, the home base of the Gods. (E-ana was by the Sumerians called "the house of the Gods", lowered down from heaven, a "cloudbank" resting on the earth)._ __ _This so named "cloudbank" was in my theory a space shuttle, a spaceship with as home base the mother ship or planet "Nibiru" (see chapter 13)_ __ _The Gods had afterwards a long time a control function on the Earthly half-Gods and their children. This is the period in which religion by Humans was born._ __ _Table of the first kingship of Kic_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Jucur_ _1,200 years_ _30378 - 29178 BCE_ _Kullassina-bel_ _960 years_ _29178 - 28218 BCE_ _Nanjiclicma_ _6700 years_ _28218 - 21518 BCE_ _En-tarah-ana_ _420 years_ _21518 - 21098 BCE_ _Babum_ _300 years_ _21098 - 20798 BCE_ _Puannum_ _840 years_ _20798 - 19958 BCE_ _Kalibum_ _960 years_ _19958 - 18998 BCE_ _Kalumum_ _840 years_ _18998 - 18158 BCE_ _Zuqaqip/b_ _900 years_ _18158 - 17258 BCE_ _Atab_ _600 years_ _17258 - 16658 BCE_ _Macda_ _840 years_ _16658 - 15818 BCE_ _Arwium_ _720 years_ _15818 - 15098 BCE_ _Etana (the shepherd)_ _1,500 years_ _15098 - 13598 BCE_ _Baliih_ _400 years_ _13598 - 13198 BCE_ _En-me-nuna_ _660 years_ _13198 - 12538 BCE_ _Melem-Kic_ _900 years_ _12538 - 11638 BCE_ _Barsal-nuna_ _1,200 years_ _11638 - 10438 BCE_ _Zamug_ _640 years_ _10438 - 9798 BCE_ _Tizqar_ _305 years_ _9798 - 9493 BCE_ _Ilku_ _900 years_ _9493 - 8593 BCE_ _Iltasadum_ _1,200 years_ _8593 - 7393 BCE_ _En-men-barage-si_ _900 years_ _7393 - 6493 BCE_ _Aga_ _625 years_ _6493 - 5868 BCE_ _Total: 23 kings; 24,510 years_ _________________________________________________________________ ___The period of the Half-Gods_ _, in the Bible mentioned the Children of God._ ___The First Dynasty of Unug (Uruk)_ ___About 6850 - 4561 BCE_ __ _In my opinion was Unug build by mission of the Gods to separate the Godly city of Kic from their offspring with Humans and the Sons of Gods._ __ _The Gods of Kic and their offspring dwelled there until they finally were defeated by Sargon I in 2,461 BCE._ __ _Scholars believe that Unug originally was named E-ana. This misunderstanding was in my opinion clear because the temple in Unug, dedicated to An, had the same name._ __ _The first king of Unug (Mec-ki-aj-gacer) was the builder of the city. Enmerkar, his son, build a wall around the city of Unug in the time there were several Wars between the Gods and the Sons of Gods. Maybe that's the reason why Uruk had two patron deities, the heaven god An and the fertility goddess Inanna (Ishtar)._ __ _The oldest known writing was found in the temples at Uruk._ __ _The kings of Unug eventually overthrow Kic and took or used the title of King of Kish._ __ _As I mentioned already, the first five Kings ruled together with at least the last two kings of the First Godly Kingship of Kic._ __ ___In E-ana, t_ _he son of Utu, Mec-ki-aj-gacer Meskiaggasher_ _became lord and king; he ruled for 324 years. _ __ _Mec-ki-aj-gacer entered the sea and disappeared._ __ _The attended reader could have seen already that the first dynasty of Unug starts from the house of the Gods "E-ana"._ __ _Is it possible that _ _Mec-ki-aj-gacer was chosen by the Gods to build a city on Earth again (after the War of the Gods) to separate the Gods in Kic from the Half-Gods and the Children of God and Men ?._ __ _Could it be possible that he is the same as the Biblical Enoch ?. If this is the truth then Utu, the Sun God, must be the same as the father of Enoch, namely Yared and Enmerkar must be the same as Methuselah._ __ _In that case the writers of The Bible mixed up the names of the Earth-fathers because Noah lived long before _ _Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the Enoch of the Bible. It is far from proven but it is still a possibility._ __ _Enmerkar, the son of Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the king of Unug, who built Unug, became king; he ruled for 420 years._ __ _Se also [40]Enmerkar and En-sughgir-ana and [41]Enmerkar and the lord of Aratta_ __ _Aratta was a city, city-state, or country with which Sumerians had close trade and religious ties. Its location is not known (probably Armenia, Iran or India but in my opinion most likely Harappa in India._ __ _Lugalbanda, the shepherd, ruled for 1200 years._ __ _In my opinion was Lugalbanda not a King of the first dynasty of Unug because the Kinglist describes clearly that he was Lord of Kulaba. _ __ _See also [42]Lugulbanda and [43]Lugulbanda and the mountain cave_ __ _Dumuzid, the fisherman, whose city was Kuara, ruled for 100 years, He captured En-men-barage-si single-handed._ __ _Even as Lugalbanda was Dumuzid not a King of the first dynasty of Unug but King of Kuara (probably a city nearby or in Iran or India, In my opinion the city was Mohenjo-daro, the twin city of Harappa, in the Indus valley._ __ _Dumuzid captured En-men-barage-si, the 22nd Godly King of the first Dynasty of Kic (Kish), so he was strong enough to capture a God, that's prove that he was at least a half-God himself. Because of that we know the date when En-men-barage-si lived, namely on about 6200 BCE._ __ _Another prove of the time in which they lived, Gilgamesh made war with Aga, the son of En-men-barage-si, so they must have lived at the same time. Further is here another prove that at that time there was struggle (War) between the Gods and the Sons of God._ __ _Gilgamesh became king of Unug about 6105 BCE._ __ _Gilgamec, whose father was a phantom, the lord of Kulaba, ruled for 126 years._ __ _In the poems of Gilgamesh is spoken that he was 2/3 God and 1/3 Human, he was the son of the Goddess Ninsun and Lugalbanda (a son of the Gods himself)._ __ _In accordance to the timeline of Scholars Gilgamesh lived about 2700 BCE, a hole of about 3,400 years with the timeline of the Sumerian King list. For some Scholars the time stood still for about 3,400 years because they place the rule of these four Kings on about 2650 BCE. A strange phenomenon is also that, in the timetable of most Scholars, Gilgamec (about 2650 BCE) should be nearly a time mate of Sargon I (2450 BCE, the founder of the dynasty of Agade (Akkad)), can you believe that, I don't and there is enough prove for that._ __ ___Ur-Nungal, the son of Gilgamec, ruled for 30 years._ __ ___Udul-kalama, the son of Ur-Nungal ruled for 15 years._ __ ___La-ba-cum Labasher_ _ruled for 9 years._ __ ___En-nun-tarah-ana Ennundaranna_ _ruled for 8 years._ __ ___Mec-he Meshede_ _, the smith, ruled for 36 years._ __ ___Melem-ana ruled for 6 years._ __ ___Lugal-kitun (?) Lugalkidul_ _ruled for 36 years._ ___12 kings; they ruled for 2310 years._ __ _Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim._ __ _All told, twelve kings ruled a total of 2,310 years in Uruk before Uruk was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Ur._ __ _Table of the first dynasty of Unug_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Mec-ki-aj-gacir, who build Unug_ _325 years_ _6850 - 6525 BCE_ _Enmerkar_ _420 years_ _6525 - 6105 BCE_ _Lugalbanda (the shepherd), Lord of Kulaba *_ _1,200 years_ _about 6500 BCE_ _Dumuzid (the fisherman), King of Kuara *_ _100 years_ _about 6200 BCE_ _Gilgamec lord of Unug_ _126 years_ _6105 - 5979 BCE_ _Ur-lungal_ _30 years_ _5979 - 5949 BCE_ _Udul-kalama_ _15 years_ _5949 - 5934 BCE_ _La-ba'cum_ _9 years_ _5934 - 5925 BCE_ _En-nun-tarah-ana_ _8 years_ _5925 - 5917 BCE_ _Mec-he (the smith)_ _36 years_ _5917 - 5881 BCE_ _Melem-anna_ _900 years_ _5881 - 4981 BCE_ _Lugal-kitun_ _420 years_ _4981 - 4561 BCE_ _Total: 12 kings; 2,310 years_ _* see the notes by the explanation of the kings above. Even when Lugalbanda and Dumuzid belonged to the dynasty of that will not have any impact on the timeline and the arguments as mentioned above because the dynasty of Kic (the Godly dynasty) existed together with most other dynasties in Sumer._ _________________________________________________________________ _The second period of the Half-Gods_ _, in the Bible mentioned the Children of God._ _The Pre-Sumerian period_ _The First Dynasty of Urim (Ur)_ _About 4561 - 4384 BCE_ _The tutelary deity of Urim was Nanna, the moon god._ _Cylinder seals from the "Royal" Cemetery of Ur with the inscriptions "Meskalamdug, King " and one with "Akalamdug, King of Ur" have been found. Neither name is in the Sumerian Kings List. Since seal impressions with the inscription "Mec-ana-pada" were recovered above the area, it is probable, but not certain, that they preceded him. Their rule has been called Dynasty 0. The Cemetery dates from before Mec-ana-pada and was so lavish that it must have been for royalty._ _There were at least 17 tombs and 15 of them were found with between 3 and 74 attendants, mostly female, buried with them. Nowhere else in Mesopotamia has human sacrifice in tombs been found and there is no mention of it in any text, but it must have been an important rite in archaic Ur._ _The practice was probably similar to Egyptian rites where _ _the kings were considered gods or at least earthly representations of them, and as such were entitled to take their servants with them._ _No proof has been found that any other city had such a dominant and powerful conception of kings, and in fact the kings of 1st Dynasty did not._ _Most Scholars identify Urim as the city called Erech in the Bible but that is not proven yet. The strange excavations in "Urim" makes it possible that these were two different cities. "Ur of the Chaldeans" (the city of Abraham (about 2,100 BCE) in the Bible) can be the same as Urim but that is also not proven yet. The Chaldeans conquered the Babylonians much later in history, in the sixth century BCE._ _Note : It is obvious that the time in which the story of Abraham was written or rewritten must be placed about 600 BCE because the writer calls Ur "Ur of the Chaldeans". The Chaldeans, a Semitic people, flourished in the period (612-539 BCE). Here is prove again that Genesis was written or rewritten in this period and not during the time of Moses, who is mentioned as the writer of the Pentateuch._ _In Urim,_ _Mec-Ane-pada Mesannepadda_ _became king; he ruled for 80 ? years._ ___Mec-ki-aj-Nanna Meskiagnunna_ _the son of Mec-Ane-pada, became king; he ruled for 36 years._ ___Elulu ruled for 25 years._ ___Balulu ruled for 36 years._ _4 kings; they ruled for 177 years._ _Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan._ _All told, four kings ruled a total of 177 years before Ur was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Awan._ _Table of the first dynasty of Urim_ _Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Mec-ane-padda_ _80 years_ _4561 - 4481 BCE_ _Mec-ki-aj-Nanna_ _36 years_ _4481 - 4445 BCE_ _Elulu_ _25 years_ _4445 - 4420 BCE_ _Balulu_ _36 years_ _4420 - 4384 BCE_ _Total: 4 kings; 177 years_ _________________________________________________________________ _The Dynasty of Awan_ _the first Elamite dynasty_ _About 4384 - 4028 BCE_ _An Elamite city-state probably in Elam or near Susa in the southwest of Iran._ _The bitter struggle between Kic, Unug and Urim for control of Sumer must have weakened them because we now have the first foreign occupation of the land._ _In Awan,_ _...... became king; he ruled for ...... years. _ ___...... ruled for ...... years._ ___...... ruled for 36 years._ ___The text on the Tablet is here unreadable._ _3 kings; they ruled for 356 years._ _Then Awan was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic._ _All told, three kings ruled a total of 356 years before Awan was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Kish._ _Table of the dynasty of Awan_ _Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _? Peli_ _160_ _4384 -_ _? Tata_ _160_ _? Ukkutahesh_ _36_ _- 4028 BCE_ _Total: 3 kings; 356 years_ ___________________________________________________________________ _The second period of the Half-Gods_ _, in the Bible mentioned the Children of God._ __ _The Second Dynasty of Kic_ ___About 5868 - 2673 BCE._ __ _In Kic, _ _Susuda, the fuller, became king; he ruled for 201 years._ __ ___Dadasig ruled for 81 ? years._ __ ___Mamagal, the boatman, ruled for 360 _ _420 _ _years._ __ ___Kalbum, the son of Mamagal ruled for 195 _ _132 _ _years._ __ ___Tuge (?) ruled for 360 years._ __ ___Men-nuna, the son of Tuge (?), ruled for 180 years._ __ ___..... Lugalmu_ _ruled for 290 _ _420 _ _years._ __ ___Lugalju Ibbi-Ea_ _ruled for 360 _ _290 _ _years._ __ ___The text on the Tablet is here partly unreadable._ ___8 kings; they ruled for 3195 years._ __ _Prove again that Scholars don't believe in a long lifetime and that's why they changed the timeline without any authorization in acc. to the King list to about (again) 2550-2400 BCE, there is no evidence what's so ever why the Sumerian King list should be wrong with the rule length of these Kings. Why most of them believe the story in the Bible about the age of the Earth-fathers and not what is written in the Sumerian King list ?, maybe the reader can give that answer._ __ _Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Hamazi._ __ _All told, eight kings ruled a total of 3,195 before Kish was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Hamazi._ __ _Again there is a difference in the rule time of some Kings but their total dynasty was the same._ __ _Table of the second dynasty of Kic_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Susuda the fuller_ _201 years_ _5868 - 5668 BCE_ _Dadasig_ _1,310 years_ _5668 - 4358 BCE_ _Mamagal (the boats man)_ _360 years_ _4358 - 3998 BCE_ _Kalbum_ _195 years_ _3998 - 3803 BCE_ _Tuge_ _300 years_ _3803 - 3503 BCE_ _Men-Nuna_ _180 years_ _3503 - 3323 BCE_ _? Inbi Istar_ _290 years_ _3323 - 3033 BCE_ _Lugalju_ _360 years_ _3033 - 2673 BCE_ _Total: 8 kings; 3,195 years_ _________________________________________________________________ ___A separate period of the Half-Gods_ _, in the Bible mentioned the Children of God._ __ _The Dynasty of Hamazi_ ___The second Elamite dynasty_ ___About 4028 - 3668 BCE_ __ _An Elamite state. The second foreign power to rule in Sumer._ __ _In Hamazi, _ _Hadanic became king; he ruled for 360 years._ __ _1 king; ruled for 360 years._ __ _Not in the list of most Scholars, rule time to long ???_ __ _Then Hamazi was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug._ __ _After kingship was brought to Hamazi, Hadanish ruled 360 years before Hamazi was defeated and its kingship carried off to Uruk._ __ _Table of the dynasty of Hamazi_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Hadanic_ _360 years_ _4028 - 3668 BCE_ _Total: 1 king; 360 years_ _________________________________________________________________ _The Sumerian period_ ___The second period of the first Human and the last generations of the Sons of the Gods._ ___The Second Dynasty of Unug_ ___About 3668 - 3481 BCE_ __ _Not in the list of most Scholars, rule time to long ???_ __ ___In Unug, _ _En-cakanca-ana Enshakanshanna_ _became king; he ruled for 60 years._ __ ___Lugal-ure ruled for 120 years._ __ ___Argandea ruled for 7 years._ ___3 kings; they ruled for 187 years._ __ _Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim._ __ _All told, three kings ruled a total of 187 years before Uruk was defeated and its kingship carried off to Ur._ __ _Table of the second dynasty of Unug_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _En-cakanca-ana_ _60 years_ _3668 - 3608 BCE_ _Lugal-ure_ _120 years_ _3608 - 3488 BCE_ _Argandea_ _7 years_ _3488 - 3481 BCE_ _Total: 3 kings; 187 years_ __________________________________________________________________ __The last period of the first Human and the last generations of the Sons of the Gods._ ___The Second Dynasty of Urim_ ___About 3481 - 2899 BCE_ __ _See also [44]The history of Tummal_ __ ___Nani became king; he ruled for 120 years._ __ ___Mec-ki-aj-Nanna Meshkiagnanna_ _, the son of Nani, ruled for 48 years._ __ ___......, the son (?) of ......, ruled for ... years._ __ ___The text on the Tablet is here partly unreadable._ ___Not in the list of most Scholars, rule time to long ???_ __ _3 kings; they ruled for 582 years._ __ _Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Adab._ __ _All told, four kings ruled a total of 116 (?) years before Ur was defeated and its kingship carried off to Adab._ __ _Here is the first important difference between the two lists. The oldest 3 kings with a total of 582 years and the Isin list at total of 4 kings and probably 116 years. If this dynasty lasted shorter then the oldest list tells us than all dynasties before can be placed 400 years later. Except for the dynasty of Kish because this Godly dynasty existed during all the others. As said it has no impact on the timeline to the Flood and the timeline before the Flood,_ __ _Table of the second dynasty of Urim_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Nami_ _120 years_ _3481 - 3361 BCE_ _Mec-ki-aj-Nanna_ _48 years_ _3361 - 3313 BCE_ _?_ _414 ? years_ _3313 - 2899 BCE_ _Total: 3 kings; 582 years_ __________________________________________________________________ __The Dynasty of Adab_ ___About 2899 - 2809 BCE_ __ _Ancient Sumerian city located south of Nippur (modern Niffer or Nuffar), Iraq. Excavations (1903-04) carried out by the American archaeologist Edgar James Banks. _ __ _An important city up to the Sargonic Period. The last mention of it may have been under Hammurabi. The city was dedicated to the Goddess Ninhursag._ __ _See also [45]Three ox drivers from Adab_ __ _Lugal-Ane-mundu became king; he ruled for 90 years._ __ _1 king; ruled for 90 years._ __ _Then Adab was defeated and the kingship was taken to Mari._ __ _After kingship was brought to Adab, Lugalannemundu ruled 90 years before Adab was defeated and its kingship carried off to Mari._ __ _Table of the dynasty of Adab_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Lugal-Ane-mundu_ _90 years_ _2899 - 2809 BCE_ _Total: 1 king; 90 years_ ____________________________________________________________________ __The Dynasty of Mari_ ___About 2809 - 2673 BCE_ __ _An ancient and important kingdom on the western bank of the Euphrates which flourished in the 3rd millennium BC. Mari was the capital of the 10th dynasty after the flood. Excavations revealed the remains of a 300 room palace, with a great library stacked with 20,000 cuneiform tablets. _ __ _In the timetable of some Scholars this dynasty is missing, the reason is for me unclear because it exists in the King list._ __ _In Mari, _ _Anbu (?) Ilshu_ _became king; he ruled for 30 years._ __ ___Anba (?), the son of Anbu (?), ruled for 17 years._ __ ___Bazi, the leatherworker, ruled for 30 years._ __ ___Zizi, the fuller, ruled for 20 years._ __ ___Limer, the gudu priest, ruled for 30 years._ __ ___Carrum-iter Sharrumiter_ _ruled for 9 years._ ___6 kings; they ruled for 136 years._ __ _Then Mari was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic._ __ _All told, six kings ruled a total of 136 years before Mari was defeated and its kingship carried off to Kish._ __ _Table of the dynasty of Mari_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Anbu_ _30 years_ _2809 - 2779 BCE_ _Anba_ _17 years_ _2779 - 2762 BCE_ _Bazi (the leatherworker)_ _30 years_ _2762 - 2732 BCE_ _Zizi (the fuller)_ _20 years_ _2732 - 2712 BCE_ _Limer (the gudu priest)_ _30 years_ _2712 - 2682 BCE_ _Carrum-iter_ _9 years_ _2682 - 2673 BCE_ _Total: 6 kings; 136 years_ __________________________________________________________________ __The Dynasty of Akcak_ ___About 2660 - 2561 BCE_ __ _The reason why this dynasty existed is unclear, maybe some leaders did not accept a women as King (Kug-Bau) and part of the country created a Kingdom themselves. This dynasty existed during the third and the fourth dynasty of Kic (see next)._ __ _See also : [46]The Heron and the turtle_ __ ___Unzi became king; he ruled for 30 years._ __ ___Undalulu ruled for 6 _ _12 _ _years._ __ ___Urur ruled for 6 years._ __ ___Puzur-Nirah ruled for 20 years._ __ ___Icu-Il ruled for 24 years._ __ ___Cu-Suen Shu-Sin_ _, the son of Icu-Il, ruled for 7 years._ ___6 kings; they ruled for 99 years._ __ _Then Akcak was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic._ __ _All told, six kings ruled for a total of 99 years before Akshak was defeated and its kingship carried off to Kish._ __ _Table of the dynasty of Akcak_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Unzi_ _30 years_ _2660 - 2630 BCE_ _Undalulu_ _6 years_ _2630 - 2626 BCE_ _Urur_ _6 years_ _2626 - 2620 BCE_ _Puzur-Nirah_ _20 years_ _2620 - 2599 BCE_ _Icu-Il_ _24 years_ _2599 - 2575 BCE_ _Cu-Suen_ _14 years_ _2575 - 2561 BCE_ _Total: 6 kings; 99 years_ __________________________________________________________________ __The last period of the Half-Gods_ _, in the Bible mentioned the Children of God._ __ _The Third and Fourth Dynasty of Kic_ ___About 2673 - 2461 BCE._ __ _In Kic, _ _Kug-Bau, also called Ku-Baba, the woman tavern-keeper, who made firm the foundations of Kic, became king; she ruled for 100 years._ __ _After kingship was brought back to Kish again, Ku-Bau, the innkeeper, she who made firm the foundations of Kish, ruled for 100 years as `king' before Kish was defeated and its kingship carried off to Akshak._ __ _See also [47]Adab for Bau to Luma and [48]A tigi for Bau to Gudea_ __ _1 king; ruled for 100 years._ __ _In Kic, _ _Puzur-Suen Puzur-Sin_ _, the son of Kug-Bau, became king; he ruled for 25 years._ __ ___Ur-Zababa, the son of Puzur-Suen, ruled for 6 _ _400 _ _years._ ___131 are the years of the dynasty of Kug-Bau._ __ _In the King list the dynasty of Ackak lies between the reign of Kug-Bau and her son Puzur-Suen but the list is clear that here is spoken of 1 dynasty._ __ ___Zimudar Simudarra_ _ruled for 30 years._ __ ___Uni-watar Usiwatar_ _, the son of Zimudar ruled for 7 years._ __ ___Ectar-muti Ishtar-muti _ _ruled for 11 years._ __ ___Icme-Camac Ishme-Shamash_ _ruled for 11 years._ __ ___Cu-ilicu ruled for 15 years._ __ ___Nanniya Nannia_ _, the jeweller, ruled for 7 years._ ___7 kings; they ruled for (4)91 years._ __ _Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug._ __ _All told, seven kings ruled 491 years before Kish was defeated and its kingship carried off to Uruk._ __ _The counted difference of about 450 years by the second dynasty of Urim is here nearly equalized._ __ _Table of the third and fourth dynasty of Kic_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Kug-Bau (woman tavern keeper)_ _100 years_ _2673 - 2573 BCE_ _Puzur-Suen_ _25 years_ _2573 - 2548 BCE_ _Ur-zababa_ _6 years_ _2548 - 2542 BCE_ _Zimudar_ _30 years_ _2542 - 2512 BCE_ _Ui-watar_ _7 years_ _2512 - 2505 BCE_ _Ectar-muti_ _11 years_ _2505 - 2494 BCE_ _Icme- Camac_ _11 years_ _2494 - 2483 BCE_ _Cu-ilicu_ _15 years_ _2483 - 2468 BCE_ _Nanniya (the jeweller)_ _7 years_ _2468 - 2461 BCE_ _Total: 8 kings; 212 years_ The Kings of the fourth (the last) dynasty of Kic were so far degenerated from their ancestors, the Sons of Gods, that the Akkadians (Sargon I) could conquer them and established a new empire called the Akkadian period. _________________________________________________________________ _The Third Dynasty of Unug_ ___About 2486 - 2461 BCE._ __ _In Unug, _ _Lugal-zage-si became king; he ruled for 25 years._ __ _1 king; ruled for 25 years._ __ _Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Agade._ __ _After kingship was brought back to Uruk, Lugalzaggesi ruled for 25 years before Uruk was defeated and its kingship carried off to Agade._ __ _Table of the third dynasty of Unug_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Lugal-zage-si_ _25 years_ _2486 - 2461 BCE_ _Total: 1 king; 25 years_ The Kings of the third (the last) dynasty of Unug were also so far degenerated from their ancestors, the Sons of Gods, that the Akkadians (Sargon I) could conquer them also, even as the Godly dynasties of Kic. _________________________________________________________________ _The Akkadian period_ ___The city is called Akkad in the Bible, hence the name of the empire and the language. Sargon established it as his capital. It was destroyed when the dynasty was overthrown and was never inhabited again. It's location has never has been found. We do know that it was in the general vicinity of Babylon. Some scholars have speculated that it may even be under Babylon itself. Akkad's tutelary deity was Ishtar._ __ _The Dynasty of Agade (Akkad)_ ___About 2461 - 2264 BCE._ __ _SARGON OF AKKAD, ancient Mesopotamian ruler one of the earliest of the world's great empire builders, conquering all of southern Mesopotamia as well as parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam (western Iran). He established the region's first Semitic dynasty and was considered the founder of the Mesopotamian military tradition. His Akkadian name, Sharrum-kin, means "the true or legitimate king,"_ __ _In Agade, Sargon, whose father was a gardener, the cupbearer of Ur-Zababa, ( the third King of the fourth dynasty of Kic) became king, the king of Agade, who built Agade, he ruled for 56 years._ __ _He United Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad)_ __ _See also [49]Sargon's legend_ __ ___Rimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled for 9 years together with his father Sargon. He Conquers Elam and Marhashi (Central Iran) _ __ ___Man-icticcu Manishtushu_ _, the older brother of Rimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled for 15 years. He Renovates the Temple of Ishtar _ __ ___Naram-Suen, the son of Man-icticcu, ruled for 56 years. _ _He Arrogates god-like status to himself. _ __ ___Car-kali-carri Sharkalisharri_ _, the son of Naram-Suen, ruled for 29 _ _25_ _years._ ___157 are the years of the dynasty of Sargon._ __ _Akkadian kingship begins to weaken._ __ _see the Sumerian tablet _ _[50]The cursing of Agade_ __ _Then who was king? Who was the king?_ __ _Civil war for nearly 4 years_ __ ___Irgigi was king._ __ ___Imi was king._ __ ___Nanu"m was king._ __ ___Ilulu was king._ ___The 4 of them ruled for only 3 years._ __ ___Dudu ruled for 21 years._ __ ___Cu-Durul, the son of Dudu, ruled for 15 years._ ___12 kings; they ruled for 197 years._ __ _Akkadian empire collapses_ __ _Then Agade was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug._ __ _All told, eleven kings ruled a total of 197 years before Agade was defeated and its kingship carried off to Uruk._ __ _Table of the dynasty of Agade_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Sargon_ _56 years_ _2461 - 2405 BCE_ _Rimuc_ _9 years_ _2414 - 2405 BCE_ _Man-icticcu_ _15 years_ _2405 - 2390 BCE_ _Naram-Suen_ _56 years_ _2390 - 2334 BCE_ _Car-kali-carri_ _29 years_ _2334 - 2305 BCE_ _Irgigi_ _?*_ _Nanum_ _?*_ _Imi_ _?*_ _Elulu_ _?*_ _Dudu_ _21 years_ _2300 - 2279 BCE_ _Co-durul_ _15 years_ _2279 - 2264 BCE_ _Total: 12 kings; 197 years_ ___* This period of the dynasty was a period of anarchy. These four kings ruled a total of three years. _ __________________________________________________________________ __The Fourth Dynasty of Unug_ ___The first Hittite period_ ___About 2264 - 2234 BCE._ __ _In Unug, _ _Ur-nijin Urnigin_ _became king; he ruled for 7 years._ __ ___Ur-gigir, the son of Ur-nijin, ruled for 6 years._ __ ___Kuda ruled for 6 years._ __ ___Puzur-ili ruled for 5 years._ __ ___Ur-Utu ruled for 6 years._ ___5 kings; they ruled for 30 years._ __ _Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to the army Gutium._ __ _All told, five kings ruled a total of 30 years before Uruk was smitten by the Gutium Hordes and its kingship carried off by them._ __ _Table of the fourth dynasty of Unug_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Ur-nijin_ _7 years_ _2264 - 2257 BCE_ _Ur-gigir_ _6 years_ _2257 - 2251 BCE_ _Kuda_ _6 years_ _2252 - 2245 BCE_ _Puzur-ili_ _5 years_ _2245 - 2240 BCE_ _Ur-Utu_ _6 years_ _2240 - 2234 BCE_ _Total: 5 kings; 30 years_ _____* In my opinion belonged the fourth dynasty of Unug also to the Hittite period because at the end of the King list is written that the Gutium period lasted for 125 years._ ___________________________________________________________________ ___The Dynasty of Gutium_ ___The "second" Hittite period_ ___About 2234 - 2139 BCE._ __ _With the fall of Agade, a period of anarchy ensued. Barbarians took over whole parts of the realm and the city-states exerted their independence. The period between the collapse of the Akkadian Empire and the rise of the Ur III Dynasty was one of anarchy, economic disruption and decline. The period also saw continual incursions by the Amorites, a Semitic people. Their incursions into Mesopotamia were largely peaceful at this time. During the Gutian's rule, they appointed and removed Ensis almost at will. They seemed to favor Lagash, probably because they were compliant. As a result, Lagash became the dominant city, controlling at times Ur, Umma, and perhaps even Uruk._ __ _In the army of Gutium, at first no king was famous; they were their own kings and ruled thus for 3 years._ __ _Imta ruled 3 years_ __ ___Inkicuc Inkishush_ _ruled for 6 years._ __ ___Zarlagab ruled for 6 years._ __ ___Culme Shulme_ _ruled for 6 years._ __ ___Silulumec Elulumesh_ _ruled for 6 years._ __ ___Inimabakec ruled for 5 years._ __ ___Igecauc Igeshaush_ _ruled for 6 years._ __ ___Yarlagab ruled for 15 years._ __ ___Ibate ruled for 3 years._ __ ___Yarla ruled for 3 years._ __ ___Kurum ruled for 1 years. _ __ ___Apil-kin ruled for 3 years._ __ ___La-erabum (?) Laerabum_ _ruled for 2 years._ __ ___Irarum ruled for 2 years._ __ ___Ibranum ruled for 1 year._ __ ___Hablum ruled for 2 years._ __ ___Puzur-Suen, the son of Hablum, ruled for 7 years._ __ ___Yarlaganda ruled for 7 years._ ___The text on the Tablet is here partly unreadable._ __ ___...... ruled for 7 years._ __ ___Tiriga (?) ruled for 40 days._ ___21 kings; they ruled for 124 years and 40 days. *_ __ _Then the army of Gutium was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug._ __ _All told, twenty-one kings ruled 91 years and 40 days before the Gutium Hordes were defeated and kingship carried back to Uruk._ __ _Table of the dynasty of Gutium_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _?_ _4 years_ _2234 - 2230 BCE_ _?_ _3 years_ _2230 - 2227 BCE_ _Inkicuc_ _6 years_ _2217 - 2221 BCE_ _Zarlagab_ _6 years_ _2211 - 2215 BCE_ _Culme_ _6 years_ _2215 - 2209 BCE_ _Silulumec_ _6 years_ _2209 - 2203 BCE_ _Inimabakec_ _5 years_ _2203 - 2198 BCE_ _Igecauc_ _6 years_ _2198 - 2192 BCE_ _Yarlagab_ _15 years_ _2192 - 2177 BCE_ _Ibate_ _3 years_ _2177 - 2174 BCE_ _Yarla_ _3 years_ _2174 - 2171 BCE_ _Kurum_ _1 year_ _2171 - 2170 BCE_ _Apil-kin_ _3 years_ _2170 - 2167 BCE_ _La-erabum_ _2 years_ _2167 - 2165 BCE_ _Irarum_ _2 years_ _2165 - 2163 BCE_ _Ibranum_ _1 year_ _2163 - 2162 BCE_ _Hablum_ _2 years_ _2162 - 2160 BCE_ _Puzur-Suen_ _7 years_ _2160 - 2153 BCE_ _Yarlaganda_ _7 years_ _2153 - 2146 BCE_ _?_ _7 years_ _2146 - 2139 BCE_ _Tiriga_ _40 days_ _Total: 21 kings; 95 years_ __________________________________________________________________ __The Fifth Dynasty of Unug_ ___About 2139 - 2112 BCE._ __ _Utu-hejal became king; he ruled for (4)27 years, ...... days._ __ _1 king; ruled for (4)27 years._ __ _The real total years are not clearly readable but most likely it is 27 years._ __ _See [51]The Poem of Utu-Hejal and [52]The lament of Unug_ __ _Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim._ __ _After kingship was brought back to Uruk, Utuhegal ruled 7 years, 6 months and 15 days before Uruk was defeated and its kingship carried off to Ur._ __ _Table of the fifth dynasty of Unug_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Utu-hejal_ _27 years_ _2139 - 2112 BCE_ _Total: 1 king; 27 years_ __________________________________________________________________ __The Third Dynasty of Urim_ ___About 2112 - 2004 BCE._ __ _The Ur III State not only restored the Akkadian Empire, bring unification, but it also gave Mesopotamia a century of peace and prosperity. Their empire was the most "nation-state" of the Mesopotamian empires to date._ __ _The Ur III Empire took the conscious decision to re-establish Sumerian as the official language, to promote its use and also to promote Sumerian culture. The kings of Ur became known more for their building projects than their prowess in battle. This period is sometimes called the Neo-Sumerian Empire._ __ _See also [53]The history of Tummal_ __ _Ur-Namma became king; he ruled for 18 years._ __ _See [54]A poem of Ur-Nammu, [55]Death of Ur-Nammu and [56]Enlil a tigi for Ur-Nammu_ __ ___Culgi Shulgi_ _, the son of Ur-Namma, ruled for 46 _ _48 _ _years._ __ ___He extends father's empire to all of Assyria_ __ _____See [57]A praise poem of Shulgi_ __ _______Amar-Suena, the son of Culgi, ruled for 9 years._ __ ___Cu-Suen, the son of Amar-Suena, ruled for 9 years._ __ ___Ibbi-Suen, the son of Cu-Suen, ruled for 24 years._ ___The people of Cimacki and Elam, the destroyers, counted its worth as only thirty shekels._ __ _5 kings; they ruled for 108 years._ __ _Amorites weaken Sumerian power_ __ _See also [58]The lament of Urim and [59]The Lament of Sumer and Urim_ __ _Then Urim was defeated. The kingship was taken to Isin._ __ _All told, five kings ruled for a total of 108 years before Ur was defeated and its kingship carried off to Isin._ __ _Table of the third dynasty of Urim_ ___Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Ur-Namma_ _18 years_ _2112 - 2094 BCE_ _Culgi_ _48 years_ _2094 - 2046 BCE_ _Amar-Suena_ _9 years_ _2046 - 2037 BCE_ _Cu-Suen_ _9 years_ _2037 - 2028 BCE_ _Ibbi-Suen_ _24 years_ _2028 - 2004 BCE_ _Total: 5 kings; 108 years_ ___With the fall of Ur, we see the end of the Sumerians as a political force._ ___________________________________________________________________ ___For two hundred years after the fall of III Dynasty of Ur, the balance of power wavered between two cities. They were: Isin in central Mesopotamia, and Larsa in the south (not far from Uruk). These cities, which were heirs to the rival Sumerian city-states, were now in the hands of Amorite dynasties. Both sought control of the small neighboring Semitic kingdoms._ __ _The Semites take over, but adopt Sumerian culture and worship Sumerian gods. With this period we have no central unified kingdom._ __ _First Isin, and then Larsa, attempt to re-establish the glory of Ur III, but with limited success. The old city-state ideal was destroyed and replaced with a kingdom-state system. Enlil's blessing had been needed for a city-state to dominate the other city-states. But in a nation- state atmosphere the "election" by Enlil was no longer needed in order to have domination over the cities. _ __ _Because of this Nippur gradually lost its importance and Enlil his royal prerogative. This paved the way for the eventual elevation of the Babylonian god Marduk to the head of the pantheon. The title "King of Kish" was also abandoned._ __ _The Isin / Larsa Period is sometimes called the Late Period or the Isin Period and is also sometimes grouped in with the Old Babylonian Period._ __________________________________________________________________ __The Dynasty of Isin_ ___Amorite Dynasty_ ___About 2004 - 1801 BCE_ __ _The city was dedicated to the goddess Nininsina. _ __ _Isin became the most powerful city during the two centuries after the fall of Ur. The rulers of Isin were the most powerful because they ruled Isin, the new capital, Ur, the old capital, and Nippur, the spiritual center. _ __ _It claimed dominion over all of Sumer and Akkad, but in reality, the realm was comprised of small states. Even though they were Semites, the rulers of Isin considered themselves the true heirs of Ur and took their title of "King of Ur, King of Sumer and Akkad". Their official inscriptions were in Sumerian instead of Akkadian and they ordered the copying of all the great Sumerian literature. _ __ ___Icbi-Erra became king; he ruled for 33 years._ __ ___Cu-ilicu, the son of Icbi-Erra, ruled for 20 years._ __ ___Iddin-Dagan, the son of Cu-ilicu, ruled for 21 years._ __ ___Icme-Dagan, the son of Iddin-Dagan, ruled for 20 years._ __ _____See also [60]The lament of Nibru_ __ _______Lipit-Ectar, the son of Icme-Dagan ruled for 11 years._ __ ___Ur-Ninurta, the son of Ickur ruled for 28 years._ __ ___Bur-Suen, the son of Ur-Ninurta, ruled for 21 years._ __ ___Lipit-Enlil, the son of Bur-Suen, ruled for 5 years._ __ ___Erra-imitti ruled for 8 years._ __ ___...... ruled for ...... 6 months._ __ ___Enlil-bani ruled for 24 years._ __ ___Zambiya ruled for 3 years._ __ ___Iter-pica ruled for 4 years._ __ ___Ur-dul-kuga ruled for 4 years._ __ ___Suen-magir ruled for 11 years._ __ ___Damiq-ilicu, the son of Suen-magir, ruled for 23 years._ __ _____14 kings; they ruled for 203 years._ ___All told, fourteen kings who ruled a total of 203 years._ __ _Table of the dynasty of Isin_ __ _____Name_ _Length_ _Time_ _Icbi-Erra_ _33 years_ _2004 - 1971 BCE_ _Cu-ilicu_ _20 years_ _1971 - 1961 BCE_ _Iddin-Dagan_ _21 years_ _1961 - 1940 BCE_ _Icme-Dagan_ _20 years_ _1940 - 1920 BCE_ _Lipit-Ectar_ _11 years_ _1920 - 1909 BCE_ _Ur-Ninurta_ _28 years_ _1909 - 1881 BCE_ _Bur-Suen_ _21 years_ _1881 - 1860 BCE_ _Lipit-Enlil_ _5 years_ _1860 - 1855 BCE_ _Erra-imitti_ _8 years_ _1855 - 1847 BCE_ _Enlil-bani_ _24 years_ _1847 - 1823 BCE_ _Zambiya_ _3 years_ _1823 - 1820 BCE_ _Iter-pica_ _4 years_ _1820 - 1816 BCE_ _Ur-dul-kuga_ _4 years_ _1816 - 1812 BCE_ _Suen-magir_ _11 years_ _1812 - 1801 BCE_ __ _Damiq-ilicu_ __ _23 years_ _1801 - 1778 BCE_ _Total: 14 kings; 203 years_ ___The last Kings of the Isin dynasty were Vassals to the first Kings of Babylonia._ __ _The definite end of the Sumerian / Akkadian empire._ __ ___A total of 39 kings ruled for 14409 years, 3 months and 3 1/2 days, 4 times in Kic (Kish)._ __ ___A total of 22 kings ruled for 2610 years, 6 months and 15 days, five times in Unug._ __ ___A total of 12 kings ruled for 396 years, three times in Urim (Ur)._ __ ___A total of 3 kings ruled for 356 years, once in Awan. _ __ ___A total of 1 king ruled for 420 years, once in Hamazi._ __ ___16 lines missing_ __ ___A total of 12 (?) kings ruled for 197 (?) years, once in Agade._ __ ___A total of 21 kings ruled for 125 years and 40 days, (once in the army of Gutium._ __ ___A total of 11 kings ruled for 159 years, once in Isin._ __ ___There are 11 cities, cities in which the kingship was exercised._ ___A total of 134 kings, who altogether ruled for 28876 years._ __ _End of the Sumerian King list_ ___________________________________________________________________ ___Table of the Sumerian / Acadian dynasties_ ___Kic_ _Unug_ _Urim_ _Akkad_ _Other_ _First Dynasty_ __ ___30378 - 5868 BCE._ __ _Second Dynasty_ __ ___5868 - 2673 BCE._ __ _First Dynasty_ __ ___6850 - 4561 BCE_ ___to Urim_ _First Dynasty_ __ ___4561 - 4384 BCE_ ___to Awan_ _to Hamazi_ _Dynasty of Awan_ __ ___4384 - 4028 BCE_ ___to Unug_ _Dynasty of Hamazi_ __ ___4028 - 3668 BCE_ __ _Second Dynasty_ __ ___3668 - 3481 BCE_ ___to Urim_ _Second Dynasty_ __ ___3481 - 2899 BCE_ ___to Adab_ _to Mari_ _Dynasty of Adab_ __ ___2899 - 2809 BCE_ ___to Kic_ _Dynasty of Mari_ __ ___2809 - 2673 BCE_ ___to Kic_ _Dynasty of Akcak_ __ ___2660 - 2561 BCE_ __ _Third and Fourth Dynasty_ __ ___2673 - 2461 BCE._ ___to Akkad_ _Third Dynasty of Unug_ ____ _2486 - 2461 BCE_ _._ ___to Akkad_ _Dynasty of Agade_ __ ___2461 - 2264 BCE._ ___to Gutium_ _Fourth Dynasty_ ____ _2264 - 2234 BCE_ _._ ___to Gutium_ _to Unug_ _Dynasty of Gutium_ __ ___2234 - 2139 BCE._ __ _Fifth Dynasty_ ____ _2139 - 2112 BCE_ _._ ___to Urim_ _Third Dynasty_ ____ _2112 - 2004 BCE_ _._ ___to Isin_ _to Babylon_ _Dynasty of Isin_ __ ___2004 - 1801 BCE_ __ ___After the fall of the Sumerian / Acadian dynasties Babylon took over the power of Mesopotamia including the religion of the Ancients. From that time on the Historical ages came._ __ _Historical times, it means that from this time on there are more written tablets preserved then earlier times, and also from this time on some Kings, Hammurabi, Ashurbanipal and others reconstructed and rewrote again the history of Mesopotamia in ancient times._ ___________________________________________________________________ ___Conclusions of chapter 12 :_ __ _ALL pre-diluvium cities are still not found and never will be found because they are destroyed due to catastrophic occurrences shortly before and during the Flood._ __ _The first 8 kings in the Sumerian king list can't be identified with the Earth-fathers from Adam to Noah._ __ _The Flood took place about 30,378 BCE._ __ _Nippur, the city of the Gods, was a forbidden zone for Humans._ __ _The Kings of the Dynasties of Kic were Gods (Igigi)._ __ _The Kings of the Dynasty of Unug were Half-Gods, children of Gods._ __ _Dumuzid the fisherman and En-men-barage-si lived at the same even as Aga and Gilgamesh._ __ _In accordance to the timeline of Scholars Gilgamesh lived about 2700 BCE, a hole of about 3,400 years with the timeline of the Sumerian King list. For some Scholars the time stood still for about 3,400 years._ __ _The story of Abraham was written or rewritten about 600 BCE because the writer calls Ur "Ur of the Chaldeans". The Chaldeans (612-539 BCE). Genesis was written or rewritten in this period and not during the time of Moses, who is mentioned as the writer of the Pentateuch._ __ _Scholars are still confused about the long lifetime of most of the Kings in the King lists._ ___________________________________________________________________ ___In chapter 13 I'll explain more details about the historical timeline of our history and we will see where the Gods came from._ _________________________________________________________________ _[61]Sign my Guest Book_ _________________________________________________________________ [62]Home [63]Up [64]Chapter 1 [65]Chapter 2 [66]Chapter 3 [67]Chapter 4 [68]Chapter 5 [69]Chapter 6 [70]Chapter 7 [71]Chapter 8 [72]Chapter 9 [73]Chapter 10 [74]Chapter 11 Chapter 12 [75]Chapter 13 [76]Up _________________________________________________________________ _Send mail to [77]L.C.Geerts with questions or comments about this web site. 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