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* / THUNDERBOLTS/* PICTURE OF THE DAY
Exploring the electric universe
From ancient mythology to cosmic plasma discharge

Image: Magnetic vector map of M82; diagram of galactic circuit

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Jan 13, 2005
Seeing Circuits (2)

In Part 1 we listed some of the effects of circuits in space and noted
that they were all power-consuming effects. We asked: Where is the power
source?

The power could be generated locally. The rotational inertia of a body
could drive the circuit in much the same way as a water-driven turbine
in a dam drives a generator. Early plasma physicists often simply
assumed such a mechanism. But because smaller-scale circuits in space
are invariably coupled to larger-scale circuits (such as the coupling
between the auroral circuit and the "solar wind" circuit), the Electric
Universe posits a remote power supply.

An electrical current in plasma will generate its own magnetic field and
"self constrict" the current channel. This is called the Bennett pinch
effect. It produces filaments or threads of current that remain coherent
over large distances. Multiple filaments tend to spiral around each
other, forming helical "power cables" that can transmit electric power
over large distances.

These cables have been identified running from equator to poles in the
circuits that power the aurora. Plasma cosmologists also identify them
in the filaments that extend from active "radio" galaxies to the "radio
lobes" (double layers) far above each pole of such galaxies. Almost
every body in the universe displays some kind of filamentation. Venus
has a tail composed of invisible "stringy things" (NASA's description).
Comets have tails composed of visible "stringy things"--the ion tails.
The neon-light-like glows of planetary nebulas resolve, in close-up
views, into intricate webs of strings. The jets of Herbig-Haro stars and
active galaxies are often resolved into braided filaments. And the
spiral arms of some galaxies look "hairy" with threads of material
extending from them.

If all these filaments are Birkeland currents, they are only the visible
portions of entire circuits. The rest of the circuit may generate
magnetic fields that can be mapped, and the map will give an indication
of the extent of the circuit.

The smaller image above is such a map of the galaxy M82. The arrows
indicate the direction and strength of the magnetic field. The larger
image is an artist's conception of a likely circuit schema that flows
around and organizes the galaxy. High-density currents flow out along
the spin axis to large distances. These distant regions are likely
locations for energetic double layers (which show up as radio and x-ray
lobes in certain active galaxies). The currents then spread out and flow
circumferentially around to the equatorial plane. They return to the
galactic core along the spiral arms, pulling in matter and pinching it
into stars as they go.

Every element in these galactic circuits radiates energy. So the
circuits must be powered through their coupling with a larger circuit.
The extent of that larger circuit is indicated by the observation that
galaxies occur in strings. This is why Arp's observations of connections
between high-redshift objects (supposedly far away) and low-redshift
galaxies (relatively nearby) are important to plasma cosmologists: If
the far-away objects are really companions of nearby galaxies,
everything we see outside the Milky Way is part of the "stringy"
structure of the galaxies. The strings of galaxy-quasar groups are
actually super-galactic Birkeland cables along which the groups are
"pinched" out. Arp's observations raise the possibility that everything
we see occurs along one braided filament that swirls from the Virgo
supercluster to the Fornax supercluster, with our galaxy situated midway.

This "string of galactic superclusters" would then be a load in a
circuit whose extent--and whose power supply--is far beyond all we
presently see and know.

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