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_The Lion (Leo) was known in the New Kingdom_ -  Part 1

© Robert G. Bauval 2002


_Astronomical Drawings of the New Kingdom: The Northern Constellations -
cont_



I have recently argued that the Seti I 'lion' seen on the so-called
astronomical ceiling north side is a representation of LEO, which can
also be seen on the Denderah Zodiac. I now present the same 'lion'
depiction found in the Rameses VI tomb and a sky map to further support
my argument, and also take the opportunity to respond to Ed Krupp (quite
erroneous) counter-argument that the so-called 'second lion/crouching
lion' seen on the Denderah Zodiac below LIBRA corresponds to the Seti I
'lion'. This 'crouching lion' on the Denderah Zodiac, being under LIBRA,
is probably a proto-representation of the classical 'Centaur'' figure.
Please allow time for graphics to download on these pages.





Fig. 1a above shows the Rameses VI astronomical drawing with the 'Lion'
to East of the Thigh/Bull. 		

Fig. 1b above shows the same with the 'Lion' to the West of the Thigh/Bull.





Fig. 2a shows the Seti I astronomical drawing with the 'Lion' to the
East of the Bull (clearly the same as the Thigh). 		

Fig. 2b shows the same with the 'Lion' to the West of the Bull/Thigh.





Fig. 3a shows the Denderah Circular Zodiac with the Leo/Lion (yellow) to
East of the Thigh. 		

Fig. 3b shows the same with the Leo/Leo to the West of the Thigh.


It is very obvious that the Leo/Lion (marked in yellow) corresponds to
the position of the 'Lion' in both the Rameses VI and Seti I drawing.

This is confirmed by the sequence:

    Fig. 3a) *HIPPO/DRACO* * URSA MAJOR/THIGH/BULL* * LION*

And reverse sequence:

    Fig. 3b) *LION** URSA MAJOR/THIGH/BULL* * HIPPO/DRACO*


------------------------------------------------------------------------


The sky view below is taken from SkyMap Pro astronomical software, epoch
1350 BC location Egypt, showing the sequence of constellations: *DRACO*
* URSA MAJOR/THIGH/BULL* * LEO*


From the above there clearly can be no doubt that the sequence:

    *DRACO* * URSA MAJOR* * LEO* in the actual sky

corresponds precisely to the sequence:

    *HIPPO/DRACO* * URSA MAJOR* * LION* in the Seti I/Rameses VI drawings.

It is very obvious that the so-called 'Second Lion' or 'Crouching Lion'
(marked as blue) does NOT correspond to the 'Lion' in the Rameses VI
and/or Seti I drawing; this 'second/crouching lion' is positioned in the
WRONG sequence, and also is clearly below the zodiacal constellations of
the Scale and Scorpio. By no stretch of the imagination can the
'second/crouching lion' be said to be the same as the 'Lion' on the Seti
I/Rameses drawings. It should be clear to even the most casual observer
that it is the Leo/Lion (marked yellow) that corresponds to the 'Lion'
in Seti I/Rameses, which follows that the latter must also be a
representation of Leo.


------------------------------------------------------------------------


At this point it is important to clarify that the 'Thigh in the sky' is
in fact the constellation of Ursa Major since there has been some recent
confusion and doubt about this by some people on Internet message boards.

This image shows Part of Coffin Lid from Asyut dated from the 9th
Dynasty c. 2060 BC. There are many examples of these so-called Coffin
Lids dated from c. 2060 to 1900 BC). The left part shows the north sky
with the Thigh and the seven stars of Ursa Major as actually seen in the
sky. The right part shows the southern sky with Orion and Sirius (Sah
and Sothis).