mirrored file at http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== _Featured Site_ _[1]An Introduction to the Land Use History of the Colorado Plateau_ [2][utk-tag.gif] _Coming Soon_ _The UT Dendro Lab_ _[3]Home [4]What's New? [5]Contents Resources [6]Links [7]Software [8]Principles [9]References [10]Databases [11]Job Market [12]Supplies [13]Gallery [14]Feedback [15]Henri's Page [16]Awards [17]Search _ _Tennessee Links_ _[18]University_ _[19]Geography_ _[20]Knoxville_ _[21]Weather_ _Dendro Links_ _[22]Arizona_ _[23]Arkansas_ _[24]Columbia_ _[25]Cornell_ _[26]East Anglia_ _[27]Hamburg_ _[28]Joensuu_ _[29]Laval_ _[30]WSL_ _Search Engines_ [31]Alta Vista [32]Excite [33]Google.com [34]Goto.com [35]HotBot [36]LookSmart [37]Lycos [38]Snap.com [39]Yahoo _RESOURCES FOR DENDROCHRONOLOGISTS_ An incredible amount of information is readily available to those interested in dendrochronology, of which most sources are listed below. Simply place the mouse on the line containing the desired link, and click away. By "resources," I mean a site where you can learn about tree-ring research or connect to a site that will help you do your tree-ring research. You may want to know where to buy equipment or what workshops are held for those interested in dendrochronology. If you're interested in learning which institutions or which scientists are conducting tree-ring research, be sure to go to the "Links" page using the button on the left. If ever you need information, always check the tree-ring Frequently Asked Questions list first. Or you can simply browse through the page, but you may want to check the _[40]Contents_ page using the button to the left. If you or your colleagues learn of any new sites that you feel would be a valuable addition to this listing of resources, be sure to contact me at the address at the bottom of this page and let me know what you found! [41]Where should I check first? [42]What conferences or workshops can I attend? [43]Where can I find tree-ring, climate, and paleoclimatic data? [44]Where can I find references about tree rings? [45]Where can I learn more about tree-ring research? [46]What educational resources are available to teachers? [47]What other resources should I check out? WHERE SHOULD I CHECK FIRST? [48]The ITRDB Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) List Over the years, certain questions have been posed to the ITRDB Internet Discussion Forum repeatedly, obviously indicating a need to develop this FAQ list. This list is the brainchild of Robert Argent and Rob Wilson, and to them we are very grateful. If you need to know about anything basic to dendrochronology, check here first. WHAT CONFERENCES OR WORKSHOPS CAN I ATTEND? _[49]1st Fennoscandian Dendroecological Fieldweek _This fieldweek, the first of its kind in Fennoscandia, will be held _June 11-17, 2001_, in Grövelsjon in the northern part of Dalarna province of Sweden. Organized by _[50]Mats Niklasson[51], Maarit Kalela-Brundin, and [52]Rune Groven_, the course is intended mainly for Ph.D. students from Nordic countries, with a limited number of participants from other countries. The maximum number of students is 20 this year. Topics to be covered include dendroclimatological reconstructions, fire history, disturbance dynamics reconstructions, human influence in forest landscapes, dating traces of human activities, lab and field techniques of dendrochronology and dendroecology, and cross-dating. _[53]International Dendroecological Laboratory Week 2001 _This workshop will take place _19-23 February 2001_ at Albert-Ludwigs-Universität in Freiburg, Germany, and at the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) in Birmensdorf, Switzerland. The Laboratory Week is organized and hosted by _Heinrich Spiecker_ and _Hans-Peter Kahle_ of the Institute for Forest Growth at the University of Freiburg, and by Fritz H. Schweingruber of the WSL. This is a seminar on applied tree-ring research. It is designed to give beginners to the discipline an introduction to basic principles and methodology. Events will be conducted over a five day program and include oral presentations, practical demonstrations, excursions, and socio-cultural events. [54]Tree Rings and People An International Conference on the Future of Dendrochronology Scheduled for the _22-26 of September, 2001_, this conference in Davos, Switzerland, is a tribute to the many remarkable accomplishments and contributions of Dr. Fritz Hans Schweingruber. The conference is sponsored by the Swiss Federal Institute of Research, the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, and the Tree-Ring Society. These pages provide a provisional program, background and objectives of the meeting, important dates, and an expression of interest form. Presentations given at the meeting may be published in a proceedings volume afterward. _[55]Eurodendro 2001 in Gozd Martuljek, Slovenia _In 2001, the semi-annual Eurodendro conference will be held from _Wednesday 6 - Sunday 10 June 2001_ in Gozd Martuljek, Slovenia, a small village in an Alpine valley of northwestern Slovenia. This conference is being organized by the University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, where _[56]Katarina Èufar_ and _[57]Tom Levaniè_ head the dendrochronological laboratory. Information on these pages include lodging and travel arrangements, the preliminary schedule, abstract submission information, registration fees, and deadlines. [58]Austral Dendroecological Fieldweek From March 24-31, 2000, an international dendroecological fieldweek was held just prior to the International Meeting on Dendrochronology in Mendoza, Argentina (see below). The newsletter for this fieldweek stated, "This field course in dendroecological techniques, as they apply to the climatology, ecology and geography of forested communities, will give participants a chance to experiment with basic and advanced dendrochronological techniques in the Andes." Group leaders this year were be Ed Cook, Fritz Schweingruber, David Stahle, and Tom Levanic. This newsletter contains the registration form, the weekly program, and directions to the site for the fieldweek at San Martin de los Andes. [59]Web pages for this successful fieldweek can be found at Peter Brown's Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research web pages. [60]The 3rd Symposium on Wood Structure, Properties, and Quality, 2000 To be held September 4-7, 2000, in Petrozavodsk, Russia, this conference is of major interest to dendrochronologists because major topics to be covered include: the morphology, anatomy, physiology of wood; the physical, chemical, and technological properties of wood; the serviceability of wood and protection of timber; biodeterioration; the quality of wood; and wood products and wood constructions. papers presented at this meeting will be published in a proceedings volume distributed prior to the conference. [61]International Conference on Dendrochronology for the Third Millennium in Mendoza, Argentina, 2000 An international tree-ring conference was held 2-7 April, 2000 in Mendoza, Argentina, hosted by the Department of Dendrochronology and Environmental History at Mendoza, Argentina, with the support of the Argentinean Research Council (CONICET) and other international institutions. This site is multilingual, and provides information on special sessions, conference highlights, the host institution, and field trips. A link is also provided that describes in detail the Mendoza Laboratory of Dendrochronology. This site will be periodically updated over the subsequent months. [62] The 15th International Dendroecological Fieldweek In 2000, this popular fieldweek is being organized by Fritz H. Schweingruber (the founder of all fieldweeks now conducted) of the Swiss Federal Institute of Forestry, and Katarina Cufar and Tom Levanic of the Biotechnical Faculty at the University of Ljubljana. The fieldweek was held in Masun, Slovenia from Sunday July 2 to Saturday July 8, 2000. The fieldweek "is designed to give both the beginners to the discipline an introduction to basic principles and methodology and more advanced participants a chance to work with and learn from the others in the field in an informal group setting. Topics investigated included root erosion, stem analysis, dating of historical buildings, and fire history. This fieldweek is a highly recommended venue for learning about dendrochronology. _[63]Abstracts _from the 13th International Dendroecological Field Week _[64]Web Page_ for the 15th International Dendroecological Field Week in Slovenia [65]The 11th Annual North American Dendroecological Fieldweek These fieldweeks are organized by_ [66]Peter Brown _of Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research in Ft. Collins, Colorado, and by [67]Paul Krusic of the Tree-Ring Laboratory at Columbia University. In 2000, the 11th Annual North American Dendroecological Fieldweek was supposed to be held 10-17 July, 2000, at the Lake Itasca Forestry and Biological Station of the University of Minnesota, in Lake Itasca, Minnesota. However, low enrollment numbers caused this year's Fieldweek to be canceled. Next year, we plan on holding the Fieldweek in Mexico, so check back often! As the newsletter states, "The Fieldweek is a unique program of instruction and applied research that uses dendrochronological methods to answer practical ecological and climatological questions in a field and laboratory setting." These fieldweeks are fun but intensive, and provide incredibly useful background information, as well as useful tips, for conducting your own tree-ring research projects. This venue is highly recommended - I've participated in eight of these fieldweeks myself! [68]History of the North American Dendroecological Fieldweek [69]Announcement for the 11th North American Dendroecological Fieldweek _[70]Pictures _from the 10th North American Dendroecological Fieldweek [71]Eurodendro '99 Malbork - Poland The Eurodendro conferences have been held for several years now in various locations around Europe. Eurodendro'99 was organized by the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw (Faculty of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art), more than 80 people from 21 countries attended, presenting over 30 lectures and 40 posters. This site will provide information on the scope of the meeting (all aspects of dendrochronology, dating, ecology, climatology, geomorphology, Dendrochronological Data Bank, etc.), the program of presentations, the conference schedule, the registration fees, accommodations, and information about the historic city of Malbork. [72]The XXI IUFRO World Congress Conference, August 2000 This very large conference was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between 7 - 12 August, 2000. At this meeting, the IUFRO Tree Ring Analysis 5.09 group organized sessions covering all areas of tree-ring analysis. This includes topics in (1) general dendrochronology, (2) biological basis of dendrochronology and advances in tree ring modeling, (3) tree-ring responses to changes in chemical and physical climate, (4) tree-ring analysis in tropical trees, and (5) methodological problems in tree-ring analysis. The official conference language is English. Be sure to download the information package. [73]International Dendroecological Laboratory Week 1999, Freiburg, Germany This laboratory week "...is a seminar on applied tree-ring research, designed to give beginners to the discipline an introduction to basic principles and methodology, and to provide more advanced participants with an opportunity to engage in discussions with and learn from others. The main focus lies on presenting and discussing the state of the art and recent developments in laboratory tree-ring measurement and analysis methods." This workshop was held at Albert-Ludwigs-Universität in Freiburg, Germany, and was organized by [74]Heinrich Spiecker, [75]Hans-Peter Kahle, and [76]Fritz H. Schweingruber. _WHERE CAN I FIND TREE-RING, CLIMATE, AND PALEOCLIMATIC DATA?_ [77]The International Tree-Ring Data Bank The ITRDB contains over 3,300 tree-ring chronologies and over 2,400 measurement data sets from around the world, representing data from over 100 species in more than 50 countries. The ITRDB is housed at the _[78]National Geophysical Data Center _in Boulder, Colorado, USA. This site has numerous, very useful links to software for graphing tree-ring data, and has an excellent _[79]search engine_ that allows easy retrieval and downloading of all the tree-ring data sets. _[80]History and background_ of the ITRDB _[81]Requirements for data_ submitted to the ITRDB [82]Administration of the ITRDB Other tree-ring data sets: [83]DIFMAP Reconstructed temperature and precipitation from tree rings in North America, made available by Harold C. Fritts. [84]Numerical Data Package 002 Tree-ring chronology indices and reconstructions of precipitation in central Iowa, USA, made available by T.J. Blasing and D.N. Duvick. [85]FORAST Database Data from the immense project "Forest Responses to Anthropogenic Stress," made available by S.B. McLaughlin et al. [86]Olympic Peninsula Subalpine Tree-Ring Data Annual growth measurements for the subalpine trees _Abies lasiocarpa_ and _Tsuga mertensiana_ in the Cascade and Olympic Mountain areas of Washington State, USA, made available by David Peterson. [87]Climate Since A.D. 1500 Tree-ring data discussed in Chapters 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, and 24 are available via ftp. Be sure to read the "read me" file for more information. Made available by the individual contributors and the National Geophysical Data Center. [88]The National Climatic Data Center A common question I'm asked all the time concerns locating various types of climatic data for comparing with tree growth. Personally, I've obtained most of my data through this link to the NCDC. From here, you can download temperature, precipitation, Palmer Drought Severity Index, and degree-day climatic data, just to name a few, right to your computer! [89]NOAA Paleoclimatology Program This link connects to the National Geophysical Data Center Paleoclimatology Program in Denver, Colorado, which also acts as the World Data Center - A for Paleoclimatology, and the IGBP PAGES (International Geosphere-Biosphere Program Past Global Changes) Data Coordination Center. From here you can access all kinds of paleoclimatic data, including ice core data, tree-ring data, documentary data, pollen data, and sedimentary data. _[90]Droughts more severe than Dust Bowl likely_ _[91]Long droughts could return to the US_ WHERE CAN I FIND REFERENCES ABOUT TREE RINGS? _[92]The ITRDB Dendrochronology Bibliographic Database_ Help with locating and obtaining references vital to one's research is always important when initiating research. The bibliographic database was compiled and is constantly maintained by me, and I hope to one day make this available for general distribution. For now, you can use this Web Page to access the bibliography and easily find references. __ [93]Useful Journals in Dendrochronology The _Tree-Ring Bulletin_, begun in 1934 as the official newsletter of the newly-formed _[94]Tree-Ring Society_, was the first journal to provide an outlet for research about tree rings. In 1983, the journal _Dendrochronologia_ appeared, providing an additional and important outlet for tree-ring research with an emphasis on European research. The next page will provide information about these journals and many more! _[95]Proceedings of the Conference on Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity_ The proceedings from the international conference held in Tucson, Arizona, in 1994 are being distributed, and you can order volumes from this link. The volume contains some 82 peer-reviewed papers in all areas of dendrochronology, from climate studies and archaeology to ecological and disturbance studies. Cost of the volume is $US 65. _ [96]Tree Ring Analysis: Biological, Methodological and Environmental Aspects_ This book, edited by [97]Rupert Wimmer, was developed from papers presented at an IUFRO meeting in Washington state, USA in July 1997 and describes the latest achievements and challenges in tree ring research from around the world. Sections in the book include topics on tropical dendrochronology, radial growth processes, anatomical and structural features, and environmental interactions. _ [98]CARL Corporation Uncover Service_ I use this service at least once a DAY to check on any new tree-ring references. It's easy to use, it's comprehensive, and best of all, it's FREE! You can even have a fax of the article sent to you within an hour for a reasonable price. "Select "Search Uncover" from this page, then "Search uncover" from the next page, then click on "Search Uncover Now" without entering anything in the login fields. Just type in the words "tree ring" or "dendrochronology" or whatever terms you're interested in. _[99]The University of Arizona Press_ The University of Arizona Press has published numerous books about tree-ring research, including: [100]An Introduction to Tree-Ring Dating The basic "how-to" text in dendrochronology, written to be easily understandable, by Marvin Stokes and Terah Smiley (1968/1996) [101]Tree Rings and Telescopes About the life of A.E. Douglass and the early years in dendrochronology, by George E. Webb (1983) [102]Reconstructing Large-Scale Climatic Patterns from Tree-Ring Data A seminal publication about reconstructions of climate for western North America, by Harold C. Fritts (1991) [103]Dendrochronology in Mexico The first in-depth dendrochronological analysis south of the U.S. border, by Stuart Scott (1966) [104]Emil W. Haury's Prehistory of the American Southwest Emphasizes the influence of Emil Haury to Southwestern archaeology, edited by J.J. Reid and D.E. Doyle (1986). Contains several tree-ring papers. Browse through their catalog for more information. The following titles are out-of-print at the University of Arizona Press, but are available from [105]University Microfilms International Books on Demand: _The Annotated Bibliography of Tree Growth and Growth Rings_, by Sharlene Agerter and Waldo S. Glock (1966). _Annual Rings in Big Sagebrush_, by C.W. Ferguson (1964). _An Appraisal of Tree-Ring Dated Pottery in the Southwest_, by David A. Breternitz (1967). _Bristlecone Pine in the White Mountains of California: Growth and Ring-Width Characteristics_, by Harold C. Fritts (1969). _Chronological Analysis of Tsegi Phase Sites in Northeastern Arizona_, by Jeffrey S. Dean (1970). _Other books available about tree rings:_ [106]Time, Trees, and Prehistory: Tree-Ring Dating and the Development of North American Archaeology, 1914-1950 Stephen E. Nash [107]Tree Ring Analysis : Biological, Methodological, and Environmental Aspects Roland E. Vetter and Rupert Wimmer [108]The Past Climate of Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico, Reconstructed from Tree Rings Martin R. Rose, Jeffrey S. Dean, and William P. Robinson [109]Problems of Stable Isotopes in Tree-Rings, Lake Sediments and Peat-Bogs As Climatic Evidence for the Holocene Burkhard Frenzel, Bernhard Stauffer, and Mirjam M. Weib [110]Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings as Climate and Stress Indicators Markus Leuenberger, Silvio Borella, Thomas Stocker, Mathias Saurer, Rolf Siegwolf, Fritz Schweingruber, Rainer Matyssek [111]Tree Rings as Indicators of Ecosystem Health Timothy Lewis [112]Past Climates: Tree Thermometers, Commodities, and People Leona Marshall Libby [113]Archaeological Chronometry: Radiocarbon & Tree-Ring Models & Applications from Black Mesa, Arizona Francis E. Smiley [114]Methods of Dendrochronology - Applications in the Environmental Sciences E.R. Cook and L.A. Kairiukstis [115]Methods of Dendrochronology: Proceedings of the Task Force Meeting L. Kairiukstis, Z. Bednarz, E. Feliksik and H.C. Fritts [116]Trees and Wood in Dendrochronology: Morphological, Anatomical, and Tree-Ring Analytical Characteristics of Trees Frequently Used in Dendrochronology Fritz H. Schweingruber Also, be sure to check out the [117]Amazon Bookstore for more titles related to dendrochronology! WHERE CAN I LEARN MORE ABOUT TREE-RING RESEARCH? _[118]The Tree-Ring Society _This society is the sole organization dedicated to dendrochronology. Its missions are to To promote tree-ring research to the global scientific community To facilitate organization of symposia, conferences, and workshops on all aspects of tree-ring research To publish results of tree-ring studies To disseminate knowledge of dendrochronology to other disciplines and to the public This web site has links that provide information on membership in the society (including how to subscribe to the society), how to receive the society's flagship journal, _Tree-Ring Bulletin_ (soon to become _Tree-Ring Research_), meetings and workshops sponsored by the society, and a link to the society by-laws. _[119]Crossdating Tree Rings Using Skeleton Plotting_ [120]Paul Sheppard has developed what is surely the _best_ site that demonstrates the [121]Principle of Crossdating. On these excellent well-written pages, you'll find information about ring-growth anomalies, complacent versus sensitive ring patterns, pattern matching, dendrochronological applications, and more. Dr. Sheppard also provides an easy-to-use Java applet where you can actually try your hand at creating "skeleton plots," which aid the dendrochronologist in crossdating tree-ring patterns! A highly recommended site!_ _ [122]The Gymnosperm Database The Gymnosperm Database was created and developed by Dr. [123]Christopher J. Earle, and is simply remarkable. You can choose among the different families, such as _Pinacaea_, then view the information for each taxa using the numerous descriptive fields: Common names, Taxonomic notes, Description, Range, Big tree, Oldest, Dendrochronology, Ethnobotany, etc. I can't imagine the time that went into this database. A great resource for all scientists, and worthy of numerous awards. __ [124]The ITRDB Dendrochronology Forum on the Internet The ITRDB Forum (ITRDBFOR) on the Internet was established in 1988 by Harold C. Fritts to promote communication among dendrochronologists around the world. Today, the forum has 475 members from 30 countries. This link will provide you with more detailed information, such as how to join and participate, who its members are, and what kind of discussions you can expect! _ [125]Hal Fritts's DendroPower_ This link includes information about PRECON Version 5.01, software designed to help investigate the climate/tree growth relationship, and TREERING 2.0, a process model of tree growth with daily time steps. Hal also provides information about obtaining his many references, some out of print, and about an internet discussion list he manages about cambial activity and tree-ring structure. _ [126]Internet Forum for Cambium Activity and Ring Structure_ Like the ITRDB Forum, the CAMBIUM list was initiated by [127]Harold C. Fritts, and provides discussions about all topics related to tree-ring development, structure, and modeling. To join this list, click on the first line and send the message "subscribe cambium [your first name] [your last name]" (but leave the brackets out). _ [128]The Bristlecone Pine Home Page_ Perhaps one of the most beautiful of all Web Pages, these pages, designed by Leonard Miller, describe all one needs to know to become familiar with the bristlecone pine trees (_Pinus longaeva_) of the western United States. These are the oldest known trees in the world, attaining ages in excess of 5,000 years. These pages have received _numerous_ awards from those who monitor the best of the Web sites. Additional information about the ancient bristlecone pines can be found at the [129]Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, Inyo National Forest. For links to additional photographs of bristlecone pines on the worldwide web, see the special section in my [130]Photo Gallery. For younger people, see also the [131]Climate Tracker Tree-Ring Page about the bristlecone pine trees. _[132]The World Wide Web Virtual Library of Forestry_ An _immense_ listing of resources available to those interested in forestry, with useful information about tree-ring research. Put together by the Finnish Forest Research Institute, this library has information about: journals, newsletters, mailing lists, bibliographies, publications, legislation, and forest policy. WHAT EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE TO TEACHERS? _[133]Tree-Ring Cross Sections, from Outsource Solutions _This company is a primary supplier of tree-ring cross sections. They offer cross sections from six different tree types, two coniferous and four deciduous types found in the northern U.S. The sections range from 2.5" - 4" in diameter and 3/8" thick. Pieces are cut very smooth providing excellent visual observation of growth pattern. Pieces show clear growth and some show branch development. Pieces are dried slowly to minimize "checking" or cracking. They offer red pine, oak, walnut, ash, and basswood rounds. The rounds can be purchased individually or as a set. Using the variety of tree types, educators can teach tree aging, growth patterns, wood density, wood structure and tree identification. The company has a 30 piece minimum of each wood type and offer discounts at 100 or more of each type. _[134]Introduction to Dendrochronology _ Finally, someone has put together a basic set of "how-to" web pages designed to help anyone get started doing basic dendrochronology! Brian C. McCarthy and Darrin S. Rubino designed these excellent pages as part of a presentation at the Ecological Society of America conference, and the pages are used by the Plant ecology class at Ohio University. You'll learn how to use an increment borer, how to core a tree, how to mount and prepare the cores you obtain, how to crossdate the rings using skeleton plots, and you'll also learn how to analyze the climatic properties of the ring widths themselves. These pages assume that you have the minimal basics to do the analyses, hence most classes should be able to do these exercises. _[135]Dendrochronology: Science Teacher's Enhancement Institute_ "Dendrochronology: Analyzing tree ring growth as affected by specific extremes in environmental conditions" is a wonderful study guide for understanding tree-ring dating put together by Greg Burns, Lori Marinovich, and James Ray. In this study guide, developed for the USL Summer Science Teacher's Enhancement Institute, science teachers learn how tree rings can be used to answer questions about the environment, such as the impacts of hurricanes on forest growth. The objective of this study guide is to connect students with the concept that "Tree rings are indicators of environmental conditions."_ _ [136]The World of Trees "This educational site is a production of Domtar Inc., in cooperation with the Commission scolaire de la Seigneurie-des-Mille-Îles, le Fonds de l'autoroute de l'information (FAI) and the ministère de l'Éducation du Québec, to inform and entertain." A wonderful site, and very informative for elementary schools regarding tree rings. Click on the upper left side of the page where it says "Enter here," and choose any of the options available from the next framed page. For example, in the left pane, you will see a section called "A Year in the Life of a Tree," which contains information about tree rings, with many pictures of trees as well! __ [137]NOAA Paleoclimatology Program Educational Slide Set of Tree Rings [138]Bruce Bauer and [139]Connie Woodhouse of the NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, located at the National Geophysical Data Center in Boulder, Colorado, USA, have put together an excellent set fo 20 slides that teach basic principles of tree rings and tree-ring dating, including applications of tree-ring research. The set includes "color photos depicting dendrochronological techniques, including tree coring in the field, sample preparation, cross-dating, standardization, and chronology building. Photos and graphics of tree physiology as well as climatic interpretations derived from tree ring data." The set of slides costs US$25.00. __ [140]Acorn Naturalists - Tree-Ring Dating Kit This simple kit allows students to determine "climate patterns by studying very realistic, simulated tree cores. Students determine the age of the "trees," compare wet and dry years, and relate the results to chronological events. Students develop an understanding of tree ring dating principles - methods learned can be transferred to the analysis of natural rings found in tree rounds (tree cookies). Designed for grades 5-12, with reusable materials for 30 students. Also be sure to check out [141]Tree Rounds and Tree Cookies site as well, where one can actually learn about tree-ring dating using actual pieces of wood. Species that can purchased include white pine, red pine, walnut, ash, red oak, and basswood at $175 each. _[142] Andrew Ellicott Douglass and the Big Trees _This site outlines a grant proposal developed by Dr. [143]Donald J. McGraw of the Department of Biology at the University of San Diego. In this proposal, Dr. McGraw wishes to investigate the role of _Sequoiadendron giganteum_, the Giant Sequoia, in the establishment of dendrochronology as a scientific discipline. This proposal is remarkably detailed and provides insights into the early years of dendrochronology when Dr. Andrew E. Douglass, the founder of dendrochronology, was analyzing only a few tree species to investigate their potential for climate reconstruction purposes and for the dating of archeological structures throughout the western United States. This site is certainly worth a visit to learn about dendrochronology in its early years! _[144] Tales Trees Tell _[145]Hal Fritts has begun a new series of stories about trees and tree rings designed specifically for "kids and grownup kids interested in what trees mean to me with emphasis on the science of dendrochronology and physiological processes governing the climate and growth relationships." His first story is called _The Grampa Trees_ and feature the bristlecone pine trees, the oldest known trees in the world. His second story is called _A Day with the Giants_ and provides some wonderful reading about some walks through the giant sequoia forests of the western Sierra Nevada in California. These links can be found about half-way down Hal's Home page - to view the file you'll need to download the [146]Adobe Acrobat Reader (which is also free). Well worth your time - truly marvelous stories! _[147] Hands-on Science Tree-Ring Kit _Instructional Materials of San Luis Obispo has put together a science kit for teaching tree rings to younger audiences. The kit includes "a cross-sectional slab of pine tree, tree-ring booklet with extensive information on how to read and interpret tree rings, a full color poster, seedlings, magnifying glass, flag pins, crossword challenge, and activity guide. Activities include identifying years of drought or good weather, investigating the structure of tree rings, making a tree ring chronograph, and more." The kit costs $US 22.95. _[148] Computer Technology in the Sciences _Assembled by Frank Potter of the University of California at Irvine, these pages provide lesson plans for such diverse subjects as stars, planets, glaciers, robotics, weather, and - yes - _tree rings_! For various student sectors, including K-6, 6-9, and 9-12. The tree ring pages are exceptionally done, and put together by Claudia Marosz of Garden Grove Unified School District in Westminster, California. These pages also make use of the quizzes in my photo gallery! One of the best sites I've seen yet for educators. _[149] Wild Wings Heading South. Classroom Activity: Dendrochronology -- Log of Straws _This program is an "electronic field trip" brought to us by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in conjunction with the National Audubon Society and the British Broadcasting Company (BBC). This project takes about one hour and teaches the student the basic concepts of tree-ring dating and crossdating using matching overlapping patterns of "mock" tree rings from samples growing or recovered from "Pinetown." A nicely laid out exercise for the student! __ Laboratory lessons about tree rings: Several scholars at universities and colleges have put together online web pages that teach basic principles of dendrochronology: [150]Dendrochronology of Liriodendron tulipfera, EVSC 430L, taught by Hank Shugart at the University of Virginia. [151]Forestry and Environmental Studies, FES519B, Yale University, developed and taught by Drs. Thomas Siccama and Daniel Vogt. [152]Environmental Studies 200, Laboratory Session 12, Field Ecology, developed and taught by Roger Suffling, University of Waterloo. [153]Earth Sciences 331/767, Laboratory Exercise II: Dendrochronology, developed and taught by James S. Aber, Emporia State University. [154]Geography 356, Topics in Environmental Geography, developed and taught by Dr. William E. Doolittle, University of Texas. [155]Geology 262, Sidereal Methods and High Resolution Stratigraphy, developed and taught by Dr. Lisa Wells, Vanderbilt University. _[156] A Guide to Dendrochronology for Educators _Lori Martinez of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, along with [157]Rex Adams and [158]Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, created a web page to be used by both teachers and students interested in learning more about dendrochronology. This information can be used to supplement a lesson plan or to expand your basic knowledge of dendrochronology principles. The target audience for this page are middle and high school science teachers and students, and anyone else interested in a non-technical review of tree-ring dating. _[159] Tree Rings: A Study of Climate Change _This link is provided by the Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) in conjunction with their _Athena_ staff (which provides and distributes instructional material). It's a very nicely laid out page that introduces tree rings and the role they play in understanding climate change, with plenty of definitions and great images. The page is also heavily influenced by tree-ring research in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. _[160] How to Be a Tree Detective _This is a very nice web page put together by a high school student, Larry Perez of Amundsen High School, Illinois, as part of the Dynamic Environmental Education Data (DEED) project. Designed for grades 4 through 12, the page illustrates some of the basic techniques of tree-ring dating, and also shows the influence of climatic factors on tree growth. The page has notes for both students and teachers. Well thought out and enjoyable. _[161] Comparing Tree Rings _Dave LeBlanc, Professor of Biology at Ball State University in Indiana, has put together some interesting Web pages about tree rings designed for younger audiences. Using nicely designed frames, you can compare tree-ring patterns in _real_ increment cores. (We urge Dave to complete these pages - they are truly awe-inspiring, and will benefit everyone.) _[162] U.S. Geological Survey Learning Web _A wonderful site for introducing tree rings to elementary school students. The opening Web page features several options, such as learning about Global Change and working with maps. First, choose "Changing World," then select "Global Change." Scroll down until you see the option for "Time and Cycles" and select it. The next page is an exercise that takes about one hour and even shows the principle of crossdating. _[163] The Why Files: Science Behind the News _The Why Files are funded by the National Science Foundation, and intended for use by elementary through high school students. Students get to ask questions and, in essence, create their own mini-forums with students with similar interests. A major section is entitled "The Climatologist's Toolbox" - select this, and you'll see a link to information about tree rings in response to one such question! _[164] Weigl Educational Publishers _This company makes a science kit that "... includes a complete tree ring sample, full color poster, seedlings, magnifying glass, flag pins, crossword challenge, and activity guide. Activities include identifying years of drought or good weather, investigating the structure of tree rings, making a tree ring chronograph, and more. Ages 8 and up." You can order directly from their web page! __ [165]The Photo Gallery of Tree Rings The photo gallery of trees and tree rings available from these Web pages is perhaps one of the most exciting ways to learn about dendrochronology. But I didn't stop at just supplying pretty pictures - think you know a thing or two about tree rings? Then try answering the questions that accompany _each_ of the photographs! Good luck, and happy learning! WHAT OTHER RESOURCES SHOULD I CHECK OUT? [166]Dendrochronology and Culturally Modified Trees Culturally modified trees, or CMTs, are found in many forests of North American and Europe. These trees have been modified by humans, usually by having their outer bark stripped off to reach the soft inner bark (or phloem). The inner bark was in turn used for medicines, basket-making, and as a starvation food. This link provides detailed information on CMTs and their interpretation in the forests of British Columbia, Canada. Note: you will need_[167] Adobe's Acrobat Reader_ to view this document online. _[168]Links for Palaeobotanists_ These comprehensive web pages were developed by [169]Klaus-Peter Kelber of the Mineralogisches Institut, Universität Würzburg. Well-organized into seven separate pages, this site provides information relevant to dendrochronologists, such as Palaeoclimate, Plant Anatomy, Palynology, Teaching Documents, Permineralized Plants and Petrified Forests, and Systematics, Taxonomy and Cladistics. _[170] Himalayan Interdisciplinary Paleoclimate Project _Edited by Cameron P. Wake and Paul A. Mayewski of the Glacier Research Group at the University of New Hampshire, this report summarizes the science and implementation plan detailed at the International Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau Palaeoclimate Workshop held in Kathmandu, April 2-7, 1995. A complete section is provided about the dendroclimatic and dendroecological potential for research in this region of the world. __ [171]AGEGRADE Tropical Trees International Working Group on Age and Growth Rate Determination in Tropical Trees This working group is coordinated by Dr. [172]Roland E. Vetter of the Forest Products Research Center, National Institute for Amazonian Research in Manaus, Brazil. The group has extensive worldwide membership, of which dendrochronologists make up a significant group. However, the group also has subgroups in Biology, Chemistry, Element Analysis, Climatology, Ecology and Forestry. [173] Harvested tropical trees older than thought is a story on the possible ages of tropical trees from an article recently published in _Nature_. _[174] Velmex, Inc. _Velmex is the company that makes and distributes the linear-encoded measurement stages and displays that are in popular demand by the dendrochronological community. The company also distributes the Accu-Rite displays and all other hardware components needed for tree-ring measurement. To find out more, contact them at their e-mail address, available from their Web page! _(I highly recommend purchasing this system.)_ _[175] International Union of Forestry Research Organizations Working Unit 5.09.00: Tree-Ring Analysis _Coordinated by [176]Rupert Wimmer of the Zentrum für Umwelt- und Naturschutz at the Universität für Bodenkultur in Vienna (Wien), Austria, this working unit is just one of 71 research groups and 195 working parties. The [177]IUFRO has a long traditional among forestry, and is essentially "...a non-profit, non-governmental international network of forest scientists." This link will provide details of the IUFRO emphasis on tree-ring research. [178] Final Program of the Tree Ring Analysis Group This IUFRO Working Unit has organized several sessions of papers and posters about tree-ring research that were presented at the Division 5 Conference in 1997 in Pullman, Washington, USA. __[179]Agricultural Electronics Corporation Dendrographs and dendrometers provide means for detailed analysis of tree growth patterns. The Agricultural Electronics Corporation specializes in the design and implementation of recording dendrographs and dendrometers. Founded by Bill Gensler, this company has been working with various members of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research in Tucson Arizona to measure various aspects of tree growth and electrochemistry throughout the growing season. They can be reached at: _Agricultural Electronics Corporation _P.O. Box 50291 Tucson, AZ 85703-1291 USA 520-624-7656 520-624-9720 (fax) [180]wgensler at phytogram.com [181] Sylva WorldWide Web Perhaps one of most beautiful and well-organized of Web sites, this site provides information about forestry at the Universite Laval in Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada. The dendrochronologists at the Universite Laval are some of the most prolific, and publish some of the highest quality research in dendrochronology. These pages are published in both French and English. Be sure to check out the "Virtual Forest." __[182] The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) Past Global Changes (PAGES) Project Tree-ring data play a vital function in PAGES, a core project of the IGBP that is "... charged with providing a quantitative understanding of the Earth's past environment and defining the envelope of natural climate variability within which we can assess anthropogenic impact on the Earth's biosphere, geosphere, and atmosphere. Through the organization of coordinated national and international scientific efforts, PAGES seeks to obtain and interpret a variety of paleoclimatic records to provide the data for the validation of predictive climate models." __[183] The Ben Meadows Company One location where you can purchase supplies dendrochronologists often use is the Ben Meadows Company in Atlanta, Georgia. They carry several brands of increment borers in various lengths, diameter tapes, flagging, compasses, and many other items we often use in the field. They've recently relocated, so here is the new address information: Ben Meadows Company 190 Etowah Industrial Court Canton, GA 30114 U.S.A. 1-800-241-6401 Fax: 1-800-628-2068 International: 770-479-3130 [184]mail at benmeadows.com __[185] Tree and Wood Products And Equipment Suppliers Tree-ring research is more than just coring trees. In fact, many of us have to use chain saws and other specialized equipment. Check out this site for incredible amounts of information about tree-related equipment. [186]Web Pages for Trees I've needed access to information about trees from all over the world to help in updating my species list I maintain. So, here are some really informative Web pages that feature trees, including many with beautiful images ready for downloading. [187] The Virtual Reference Desk One of my personal favorites, this link provides access to an incredible number of resources valuable to the new or seasoned scientist. If you can't find it here, it's not on the Web! Provides links to government databases, online dictionaries, and online phone directories. Wow. __[188] Search Engines Galore! Can't really find the material you're looking for? Ever wonder where I find all these wonderful locations? Try using any of these search engines, with access to literally millions of Web pages. Simply type in your keywords, and the engines will list the results of the search and provide the links necessary to access those sites! For example, use this handy form to search for any text string! Try typing in the words "tree ring" and see what happens. (You need a Java-enabled browser to see the form - if it does not appear, simply use the links below.) If you leave the right field blank, you'll be placed on that search engine's home page! Search [the Web: AltaVista.] for __________________________ SEARCH !! Or click on any of these search engines... [189]Alta Vista [190]AOL NetFind [191]DejaNews [192]Dogpile [193]Excite [194]HotBot [195]Infoseek [196]LookSmart [197]Lycos [198]Magellan [199]Netscape Search [200]Google.com [201]WebCrawler [202]Yahoo [203]Snap.com [204]Goto.com [205]MultiCrawl _ _ _Newsgroups_ Various newsgroups on the internet are relevant to tree-ring research, some even discussing at length the science of dendrochronology. Some opinions expressed by the participants in these newsgroups are amazing, so keep an open mind! You'll have to use your own browser though to view these, but try these usenet groups: sci.archaeology sci.environment talk.environment sci.geo.geology And, for alternative viewpoints on dendrochronology, see these... talk.origins alt.religion.christian sci.skeptic ... and these: [206]Tree Rings and Biblical Chronology by Frank Lorey [207]The Yellowstone Petrified Forests by John D. Morris [208]Young-earth "proof" #27: The oldest tree in the world is 4300 years old. by Dave Matson, a rebuttal. [209]The Age of the Earth, by Paul Neubauer, contains some great information about proxy data as indicators of the Earth's age. [210]Sean Mewhinney discusses annual growth rings of trees and Velikovsky's catastrophes. [211]The Age of Life, Radiometric Dating and Tree Rings is a commentary written by Andy Weeks about the controversy surrounding radiocarbon dating and the use of tree rings. [212]Ancient myths, tree rings point to giant comet's visit to Earth is a story that appeared in Frontier and written by Dr Bill Napier of Armagh Observatory and Dr Victor Clube of Oxford and Armagh Universities. [213]Can tree rings be used to calibrate radiocarbon dates? is an article published in Origins in 1995 by R.H. Brown, critiquing radiocarbon calibration by dendrochronology. [214]AltaVista Find this: ____________________ [any language] Search _Send mail to [215]grissino at utk.edu with questions or comments about this web site. Copyright © 2001 Henri D. Grissino-Mayer Last modified: May 03, 2001 _ _Visitors since October 1, 1996:_ References 1. http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/ 2. http://www.utk.edu/ 3. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/ 4. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/what's_new.htm 5. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/contents.htm 6. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/links.htm 7. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/software.htm 8. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/principles.htm 9. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/references.htm 10. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/databases.htm 11. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/job_market.htm 12. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/supplies.htm 13. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/gallery.htm 14. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/feedback.htm 15. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/henri's_page.htm 16. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/awards.htm 17. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/search.htm 18. http://www.utk.edu/ 19. http://web.utk.edu/~utkgeog/ 20. http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/ 21. http://www.weather.com/weather/local/USTN0268 22. http://tree.ltrr.arizona.edu/ 23. 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125. http://www.LTRR.Arizona.EDU/people/Hal/hal1.html 126. mailto:listserv at listserv.arizona.edu 127. http://www.LTRR.Arizona.EDU/people/Hal/hal1.html 128. http://www.sonic.net/bristlecone/intro.html 129. http://r05s001.pswfs.gov/inyo/vvc/bcp/index.htm 130. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/gallery.htm#Moregraphs 131. http://www.imag-n-that.com/NOAA/www/treering.htm 132. http://www.metla.fi/info/vlib/Forestry/ 133. mailto:outsource at compufort.com 134. http://www.plantbio.ohiou.edu/epb/instruct/ecology/dendro.htm 135. http://www.nwrc.gov/lessons/dendro.html 136. http://www.domtar.com/arbre/english/index.htm 137. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/slideorder.html 138. http://www.valdosta.edu/~grissino/bbauer at mail.ngdc.noaa.gov 139. mailto:woodhous at ngdc.noaa.gov 140. http://www.acorn-group.com/p8126.htm 141. http://www.acorn-group.com/p8117.htm 142. http://www.acusd.edu/associate_provost/menu.html 143. mailto:mcgraw at teetot.acusd.edu 144. http://tree.ltrr.arizona.edu/~hal/ 145. mailto:hfritts at ltrr.arizona.edu 146. http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/readstep.html 147. http://www.imslo.com/hands_on.html 148. http://www-sci.lib.uci.edu/SEP/CTS/index.html 149. http://www.pbs.org/audubon/wildwings/dendro.html 150. http://www.gecp.virginia.edu/teach/Forest/lab4core.html 151. http://www.yale.edu/fes519b/totoket/treering/treerings_index.html 152. http://www.fes.uwaterloo.ca/crs/ers200/lab/lab7/lab7.html 153. http://www.emporia.edu/www/earthsci/ice/labs/lab02.htm 154. http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/classes/grg356/notes/lec21den.html 155. http://geo.cas.vanderbilt.edu/Geology262\highres.html 156. http://tree.ltrr.arizona.edu/lorim/lori.html 157. mailto:radams at ltrr.arizona.edu 158. mailto:grissino at utk.edu 159. http://www.athena.ivv.nasa.gov/curric/land/global/treestel.html 160. http://www.caosclub.org/nsw/nature/teachdata/trees.html 161. http://www.bsu.edu/teachers/burris/iwonder/realities/activities/ctr.html 162. http://www.usgs.gov/education/learnweb/ 163. http://whyfiles.news.wisc.edu/021climate/ringers.html 164. http://www.weigl.com/SCIENCE/WEPSCIG4.HTM 165. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/gallery.htm 166. http://www.islandnet.com/~millres/cambium_paper.pdf 167. http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep.html 168. http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/mineralogie/palbot1.html 169. mailto:k-p.kelber at mail.uni-wuerzburg.de 170. http://www.grg.sr.unh.edu/hipp/KduWkshp_contents/KduWkshp_rep.html 171. http://www.cr-am.rnp.br/cppf/agegrade/agegrade.html 172. mailto:revetter at cr-am.rnp.br 173. http://www.enn.com/enn-news-archive/1998/01/010998/treeage.asp 174. http://www.velmex.com/ 175. http://iufro.boku.ac.at/iufronet/d5/hp50900.htm 176. mailto:wimmer at mail.boku.ac.at 177. http://iufro.boku.ac.at/ 178. http://iufro.boku.ac.at/iufronet/d5/wu50900/ev50900.htm 179. http://www.phytogram.com/ 180. mailto:wgensler at phytogram.com 181. http://sylva.sbf.ulaval.ca/ 182. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pages.html 183. http://www.benmeadows.com/ 184. http://webmail.utk.edu/MBX/grissino/ID=3A34C8A8/CREATE?mail at benmeadows.com 185. http://www.kernvalley.com/arbor/products.htm 186. http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/trees.htm 187. http://thorplus.lib.purdue.edu/reference/index.html 188. http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Internet/World_Wide_Web/Searching_the_Web/Search_Engines/ 189. http://altavista.digital.com/ 190. http://www.aol.com/netfind/ 191. http://www.dejanews.com/home_ps.shtml 192. http://www.dogpile.com/ 193. http://www.excite.com/ 194. http://www.HotBot.com/ 195. http://www.infoseek.com/ 196. http://www.looksmart.com/ 197. http://www.lycos.com/ 198. http://www.mckinley.com/ 199. http://home.netscape.com/escapes/search/ntsrchrnd-1.html 200. http://www.google.com/ 201. http://www.webcrawler.com/ 202. http://www.yahoo.com/ 203. http://www.snap.com/ 204. http://www.goto.com/ 205. http://www.multicrawl.com/ 206. http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-252.htm 207. http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-268.htm 208. http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/dave_matson/young-earth/specific_arguments/tree.html 209. http://bsuvc.bsu.edu/prn/oldearth.html 210. http://pibweb.it.nwu.edu/pib/smtrerng.htm 211. http://www.wnatt.com/personal/amw/RadiometricDating.htm 212. http://www.flatoday.com/space/explore/stories/1998/052898f.htm 213. http://www.tagnet.org/gri/w/articles/or22_47.htm 214. http://service.bfast.com/bfast/click?bfmid=22218516&siteid=29303635&bfpage=homepage 215. mailto:grissino at utk.edu