mirrored file at http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== Lynn E. Rose The El-Lahun documents were found late in the nineteenth century. El-Lahun is a city near the entrance to the Fayum, so it is well up river from, say, Alexandria. There in the precincts of a temple of Sesostris II, already deceased, these various documents were found. It's a large collection of papyri. Some of these have various dates on them. Now the dates are not always completely straightforward; sometimes it will be a date given in the Egyptian calendar, but it doesn't say what the Moon is doing. Sometimes the name of the king is missing. In fact, that is usually the case, but one can put these pieces together and make an effort to determine the time when Sesostris II would have lived and his successor Sesostris III, and Amenemhat III. The latter two would be the ones to whose reigns most of these papyri would belong. One very important papyrus here says that there was a heliacal rising of Sirius on such and such a date in year 7 of Sesostris III, and efforts have been made throughout the twentieth century to determine astronomically when Sirius would have risen heliacally on that date. The target area is the nineteenth century B.C. This is arrived at simply by retrojecting the Egyptian calendar and the Julian calendar and coming up with equations between those two calendars. That is a purely computational or arithmetical process. It does not yet involve astronomy at all. Astronomy comes in when you try to find out the Julian date on which the heliacal rising of Sirius would have occurred. That is the morning when Sirius can first be seen in the east after having been invisible for a period of 50 or 60 or 70 days. The astronomical studies suggest that the heliacal would have been in July, July 17th or 16th, somewhere in there. It varies slowly over time. So it depends where you decide to come down on this. Well, there have been four main solutions proposed in the twentieth century. First, Borchardt and then Parker, in the nineteen-eighties Krauss, and most recently in 1992, Luft, and these four investigators have been working with various numbers of documents, because they were not all available at first. In fact, it has taken Egyptologists quite a long time to print these texts. They are finally available in Luft's book from 1992, and there are pictures in the back of all of the important papyri. There are also transcriptions and translations. So there is a wealth of material available now that was not available to people like Borchardt and Parker. Now what I did was go back and check using Schoch's tables, the results of Borchardt and Parker. Some of this gets complicated, because over time it has been discovered that this or that text can finally be read, whereas, earlier, people thought it could not be read. There may be just enough of a surviving number to say what the date was, and so that will be a date not available to earlier people. And in another case, someone reconstructed a date that never did exist. It may have existed in antiquity, but I mean it doesn't exist on the papyrus now. The papyrus is going along, and it gives the season and the month number. Then it comes to the edge of the papyrus where it's broken off. The number for the day of the month would have been off the edge. So that is obviously useless and should never have been included in the data set. I'm also changing the count if it has turned out that we now can read a text that they thought could not be read or if they used a text that we now know should be thrown out of the data set. Now if you approach it that way, then Borchardt scored 7 out of 14, Parker's score is 8 out of 14, Krauss' score is 8 out of 19, and Luft's score is 21 out of 36. If you take those four scores and average them, you get a little over .500, which is good in baseball, but very poor in the matter at hand. We should be able to do much better than that. That's really all I want to say about the nineteenth century solutions that had been proposed. I then took what has been called a very radical and shocking step, but to me seems to be the only remaining alternative, and that is to move a full Sothic period-1400 and some years-forward in time and see how things work there. You could also go back a Sothic period, but no one except Flinders Petrie has ever seriously proposed that, and that would take you back to the fourth millennium B.C., and that doesn't seem very promising. So I looked at the fifth and fourth centuries. The reason you have to move such a large distance is because there are only certain times when the Egyptian date reported in the text would have been at the time of the heliacal rising of Sirius. So you have to go all the way through the Egyptian calendar at the rate of one day every four years in order to come back to that same date. That takes over 1400 years. So I looked for fits in the fifth and fourth centuries. At first I looked in the vicinity of -417, because the equation we want would apply from -420 to -417. I won't get into the details of it, but the way the heliacal rising of Sirius moves it would be required that -417 be the first year in which the heliacal rising of Sirius occurred on the date that is reported. That was so so. I felt I had a better fit than Parker did, but it still wasn't very good. So I kept studying this, and gradually I found out more about what Egyptologists are doing. It turns out that over the past couple of decades there have been two major shifts that they have taken on by themselves. One of these is to propose that the reign of Sesostris III did not last 30 some years as the Turin Papyrus suggests, but only 19 years. Previously the reign of Sesostris II had been assigned that 19 years. Now they're assigning it to Sesostris III. That squeezes Sesostris III and Amenemhet III closer together, and that gives us 20 years or so to play with. Another change that they have made is that more and more of them are supporting Elephantine, which is down near Aswan in Southern Egypt as the site, the Greenwich, if you will, for observing the heliacal rising of Sirius, rather than, say, Memphis. This is important, because it's roughly true, in fact, very close to being true, that if you move South one degree of latitude the heliacal rising of Sirius will occur earlier by one day. Between Memphis and Elephantine is just about five and three quarter degrees of latitude, which would mean a difference of five and three quarter days. Since the rate of progression of the Egyptian calendar with respect to the seasons is at the rate of one day every four years, the five and three quarter days changes to 23 years. Twenty-three years later than -417 takes us to -394. Now I played around for a while with some other dates, three years earlier and three years later, but I won't get into that. I eventually got to -394, which would be year 7 of Sesostris III. That led to matching up these dates against retrocalculated positions of the Moon. There was one other thing that I found in the course of this. That is that the lunar feasts are often geared to the appearance of the new crescent. And the one thing that I find interesting about this is that I would not have found this if I had computerized it. I have computerized other things. It's just that this project didn't seem appropriate to computerize, and so I didn't. As a check on some of the calculations based on Schoch, I had the dates of the appearance of the new crescent on my work sheets. That caused me to notice what I might not have otherwise have noticed- that the lunar feasts were a fixed number of days after the appearance of the new crescent. That is what makes the fit work even better than I had anticipated. I have reduced the dates on the handout to the first day of the Egyptian lunar month, which for them was the day on which the Moon first became invisible. And you see the old crescent one morning, and the next you can't see it. When you can't see it, that marks the start of the first day of the lunar month. Then the appearance of the crescent might be on lunar day two, lunar day three, lunar day four, and accordingly the feast in question would be a fixed number of days after that. So, on one side of the sheet I have listed the 36 dates that seem to be ones we should be using. Luft has 39, but one of those that I have thrown out is where the text just doesn't say which feast it was. People have guessed what it was, but they don't really know. Another one is the one I mentioned where the date is going along, and then you come to the edge of the papyrus and people have guessed what the number was that was off the edge of the papyrus. So we don't really have a date on there. Then there is another one that just doesn't give information that is usable. A date is mentioned, but who knows what the Moon was doing on that day. The text just doesn't say. So I have thrown out those three that Luft uses and that leaves 36. As you can see, the hits are 34 out of 36. If you compare that to what Borchardt, Parker, Krauss, and Luft did, which averages to a little over .500, this is a much higher. Now there are two that still miss. One of those is a case where it might have been bad weather. People are always talking about bad weather here, and I have found it necessary to invoke that only in this one case. What they did was they would watch for the disappearance of the old crescent, and if the weather was bad, and if it was day 29 that was ending right then they would count the new day as 30. Then they would begin a new month after day 30 had been completed. Of course, if astronomically the month ends with day 29 and there's bad weather, and they don't count the new month as beginning until 24 hours later, then our retrocalculations are not going to fit; they'll come out too early. This is one of those cases when it comes out one day too early. You would almost expect some bad weather. There would have to be times when they just couldn't get a good look at the Moon. I have one out of 36, but others have a much larger number of cases that they attribute to bad weather. The other one might have been a copying decision, not a copying error, but a deliberate effort to correct what seemed to be a garbled text. The problem there-I'll just summarize the nature of it-is that if you read the texts one way, it's all right. If you read them another way, it looks like you have a series of months one of which is 31 days long. If the ancients felt, as modern astronomers do, that 31-day months do not occur, then they might have said- well, something is wrong here. One of these dates is wrong, and one way of fixing it would leave the text in the condition that we have. So there are ways to explain those two misses, but I am not particularly worried about that. The important thing is that it's such a high score, 34 out of 36. This [information] would mean that the Middle Kingdom comes all the way down to the sixth, fifth, and fourth centuries. The twelfth dynasty itself, counting the Middle Kingdom as eleventh and twelfth, would have run from about -500 down to -331 when Alexander arrived. So Alexander would have been the one to end the twelfth dynasty. Now what are the repercussions of all this? I think there are several things that might be said here. First of all, this has relatively little effect on Velikovsky. You might think that moving something like that around by almost 1500 years would shake everything up, and I think it does shake everything up; it shakes up the conventional chronology, for example. But it does not do anything much to Velikovsky. For one thing, while he talked about the Middle Kingdom a lot, it was usually just as the point in time at which the Exodus occurred, the end of the Middle Kingdom. He never actually did very much with the Middle Kingdom itself. I would be inclined to leave the Exodus and the Hyksos in the second millennium. I'm not moving them. I'm just moving the Middle Kingdom. Nevertheless, Velikovsky's references to the Middle Kingdom would have to be amended. He actually benefits greatly from this, because Middle Kingdom documents, not just these El-Lahun ones, but many others, are full of calendar references, indications of 365-day years and 29- 1/2 day months. That sort of thing cannot be from the middle of the second millennium, or I should say the first half of the second millennium. If it's there in the first half of the second millennium, then Velikovsky's entire astronomical proposals go out the window. They simply cannot stand. I wrote a short paper that was never published entitled Do Ancient Calendars Contradict Velikovsky? That was 1974. I showed this to Velikovsky and some others and discussed it with him. We agreed on some of the strategies for handling this, but it never was resolved. Now I think it has been resolved, because I found, partly by accident, that the Middle Kingdom needs to be lowered by such a large number of years, and also because of some other things that have happened, especially Gunnar Heinsohn's decision to move the First Babylonian Dynasty down by a great number of years and equate it with the Persian Empire. The First Babylonian Dynasty is also full of stuff about the Moon that is very bad for Velikovsky-29-1/2 day months, with alternating 29 and 30 days. Now that is safely down in the second half of the first millennium, and it does no further damage. Now that was not Gunnar's reason for doing that. As you may know, he has a hostility to certain astronomical matters anyway. So when I do this kind of thing I do it for a set of reasons that carry little weight with him. And when he does this sort of thing it's for reasons that carry some weight with me, but I don't know that much about it; so when I do it, it's for my own reasons, which are astronomical. So we have been going along parallel courses but the result is the First Babylonian Dynasty is lowered tremendously, and the Middle Kingdom of Egypt is lowered tremendously, and Velikovsky gets out of an awful of hot water. It is not a radical revision of his theory. It is actually a move that helps him tremendously. It does not help other people. It does not help the conventional chronology at all. It is also, well, let me put it this way-you could say that truth is consistent with truth. You have a true proposition over here and another one over there, they are going to be logically consistent with each other. If you have a logical inconsistency, at least one of the statements involved must be false. I do think that the Middle Kingdom should be lowered, but just consider if that is true. If it's true, and you make such a move, some other theory that is also true is not going to be challenged by this. I suggest that is the reason Velikovsky's theories are not damaged by this at all. Now Gunnar Heinsohn and I disagree about some things, such as the Sargonids and the placement of the Hyksos. I'm not persuaded that they should be lowered, either one of those. I leave them both pretty much where most others have left them. But the other aspects of Gunnar's work seem to me to be on the right track. He too is very little affected by this. I can move the Middle Kingdom by almost a millennium and a half, and it doesn't do anything to the Heinsohn theory, just as it doesn't do anything to the Velikovsky theory. I think those results are supportive of both of them. I might mention something else, just because I want to. And that is that if you make these changes, the chronology is up for grabs. Almost all chronological proposals have to be carefully reexamined. One thing this means is that it is no longer easy to talk about things that are early or late. I came here with the intention of counting the number of times the word "early" was used by speakers, but eventually I stopped doing that. The number got rather high, and I lost track. But the word "early" has been used very, very heavily at this conference, and I suggest whenever anybody uses the word "early", you should ask them what their evidence is. It seems to me that all of this is up for grabs. If the Middle Kingdom was ended by Alexander, then what's early? the Old Kingdom? Well, the Old Kingdom seems to be attached to the Middle Kingdom. If the Middle Kingdom comes down, the Old Kingdom comes down, and at least part of the Old Kingdom would be in the first millennium. So what happens to "early." Maybe I should stop there and try to leave some time for questions. (Question and answer period follows) Stengel: Mr. Rose, I read you paper. I loved it. I think it is as important as finding the Rosetta Stone. Rose: Wow! Stengel: I really do. I've been simply a supporter and a reader since I was nine years old, and I've done a lot of heavy duty research of my own. I think you have hit the nail on the head. I think, in the interest of truth, you should not assume that it doesn't, that your ideas here, your or presentation doesn't affect the other areas of all histories of the Middle East particularly. I think we have a new measuring gauge, and I think it's time we use your gauge to prove it out further with all other civilizations. I think it will work. Rose: I do think that this is extremely powerful, and it does provide a tool to use in judging other things. Maybe I could say that from the beginning of my work on Velikovsky I avoided chronology. Even though, as an undergraduate, I majored in ancient history and classical languages, I could not keep up with the chronological disputes in the Velikovsky camp. There were just too many names, too many details, too many alternative theories, and I couldn't keep track of things. Since I got the Middle Kingdom located, things have become much easier. For instance, I was able to sort out where I stood with respect to Heinsohn. I had not been able to figure that out before. Now I think I understand that much better. I also think, as you say, that this is a strong clue that can be used as litmus paper, or whatever you want to call it, to test some other proposal. Gardiner said that if we abandon 1786 B.C. as the date of the end of the Middle Kingdom, if we abandon that firm anchor, then the entire history of the Middle East is lost-and I think that's true. We are casting adrift and the entire history of the Middle East is up for grabs. If this dating is solid, we can use it to reanchor in the right place. I don't want to suggest there aren't any consequences to use here. We can use this to exploit any clues we find to date other things, but it doesn't have any particular effect on Velikovsky's proposals. You have to say that the twelfth dynasty was in the Valley while Ramses III was primarily in the Delta, but that doesn't require a big change. Questioner 2: I'm sorry, I have not read your paper, so I'm just a little confused. Are you placing the Middle Kingdom at -394 or is that for the Sothic dates? Rose: The -394 date is that one document from year 7 of Sesostris III that mentioned the heliacal rising on that date. That is the fourth month of the season of Peret, day 16. Questioner 2: And when was the Middle Kingdom before you changed it? Rose: Well, these four people I mentioned have four different sets of dates, but the answer is nineteenth century B.C.and eighteenth century B.C.-like 1786 B.C. Questioner 2: And it's now down to where? Rose: I have the Middle Kingdom as the eleventh and twelfth dynasties. I have the twelfth dynasty just as given on that sheet, and that would begin at -500 and end in -331 with the coming of Alexander. The eleventh dynasty is not so well dated, but it would immediately precede that. Maybe it began about -600 or so. Questioner 2: I see. I see. Thank you very much. Rose: A change of 1477 years for the Sothic date. Questioner 3: How do you reconcile this ... astronomical dating where he, I think he [Velikovsky] uses Venus for the heliacal rising rather than Sirius. Rose: He suggests the Canopus decree may refer to Venus. I have always disagreed with that, I think it is Sirius. However, I believe Ev Cochrane still feels that it could be Venus. But it seems to me it is Sirius that is mentioned there in the Canopus decree. It is Sirius that would be rising heliacally on the dates mentioned in the Canopus decree. Everything fits there perfectly. Questioner 3: I have another question. Have you seen a George Rollinson's presentation of the Old and Middle Kingdom, a graphic presentation? Rose: No. No, I haven't. Questioner 3: He really doesn't distinguish between Old and Middle Kingdoms. They essentially are parallel dynasties. Rose: I'm quite open on that; I just didn't want to challenge too many things at once. I did leave the conventional linkage between the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom, so that as I bring the Middle Kingdom down, I regard them as in tandem. And I feel the only reason for having the Old Kingdom way back was that the Middle Kingdom was way back. So I bring them both down, but if someone can show that the Old Kingdom is actually contemporary with the New or even contemporary with the Middle, I am not hostile to that. I just did not want to change too many things at once, especially where I did not feel confident about it. I do feel confident about the twelfth dynasty, but that is about as far as it goes right now. Timms: I just wanted to ask about the Sothic period-most of the text that I've come across says 1460 years, and I guess I have never heard 1477. Is that something new? Rose: Well, this involves several computations. Fourteen hundred sixty is an idealization based upon the assumption that it's exactly 365 1/4 days, but actually the Sirius year would be a little bit longer than that. So the computations that people like Ingham have made of the Sothic period suggests that it would be 1452 for the Sothic period that ended in 139 A.D. Then 1454 years for the Sothic period preceding that. So they do fall short of 1460. The 1477 comes about partly because the length of the reign of Sesostris III has changed, and partly because Elephantine rather than Memphis is the observation-post. Heinsohn: (Partly unintelligible.) ...mythological knowledge published in four languages, the main language is German. So ...(???)... suggests that now...Not now, actually, it's already five or six years ago...that Sothis should be read as Venus. So it was not only Velikovsky, but a mainstream man ...(???)... who suggests that reading. I just wrote this in because, as you know, I see so much quicksand in that type of retro-calculation, that I do not go against it. I hope to reach a sound chronology by different means. I just wrote it. Rose: Okay. I would say that the stream, the crowd, doesn't go along with that. You know, you can have someone who is in the establishment who says that, but the majority of Egyptologists would take Sothis to be Sirius. Heinsohn: Oh, the majority, there's no question. But ...(???)... ...(???)... , in the body of Egyptian texts ...(???)... . He has quite a few instances where there is no choice but to say, "Yes, here are catastrophes." And there are other incidents where...when the evidence is a bit more shaky. But it's quite a convolution. Rose: I was going to begin by saying that I may be the only Velikovsky loyalist here, but I deleted that because of the remarks of Vine Deloria. He and I, then, would be the only two here! Back in the seventies, I tried everything I could think of to get Venus to fit the Canopus Decree. And I just couldn't do it. It doesn't fit. Sirius does, and that's a large factor in my thinking. Questioner 4: (Question not asked from microphone) Rose: I deny that, but...Go ahead! Questioner 4: Now, if you take the Sothic writing as Sirius, if you do it in the 1800s B.C. ...(???)... Rose: That's, to use one of Velikovsky's favorite words, "incalculated." It is calculated in. Yes. Questioner 4: (Question not asked from microphone) Rose: It does make a difference, but that has been included in the calculations by people like Ingham. When they retro-calculate Sothic periods, they have it for all dates. Questioner 4: (Question not asked from microphone) Rose: Well, it's difficult to visualize, but it's a matter of where Sirius is in respect to the ecliptic and the equator, and so on, and the way the North celestial pole moves around. So they take all that into consideration. The best figures are those of Ingham in about 1970, and that's all discussed there. Precession is one of the things that they bring in. Questioner 5: Well, Velikovsky said you have to use both history texts and archeology. If this is true, you're not only going to drive the minds of historians crazy, but the archeologists are going to jump up and down, swing left and right. They have so many problems with this that it will take years and years just to conceive how it could possibly work. Rose: I agree with that. I agree. There are all kinds of problems, all kinds of things to check. I have checked as many of them as I can think of, including some of the archeological matters. There are scarabs of these kings. You have to find where they've been found; what layers they're in. I'm looking into this. The bottom line is that so far, in looking for every kind of problem I can anticipate, I haven't found any. Questioner 5: Well, I can give you one to start with. What about Hammurabi and the Middle Bronze at Mari? And this connection between Hammurabi and a king of the, (what was it?) the twelfth or thirteenth Dynasty? Rose: Well, I've mentioned Heinsohn. And Heinsohn and I both put...Heinsohn did it first. I want to make that plain. He put the First Babylonian Dynasty down in Persian times. And then when I saw what he did, I wasn't convinced, but I played around with the lunar data from the First Babylonian Dynasty, especially Ammisduga or Artaxerxes III. And Darius the Great or Hammurabi, according to Heinsohn's thesis. And I found that the Hammurabi and Ammizduga data fit the time of Darius and Artixerxes III. And on that basis I agreed with Heinsohn. So both Hammurabi and the Middle Kingdom come down. They're still contemporaries. Questioner 5: Yes, but if you put Hammurabi there...Remember, Hammurabi is Middle Bronze, and you have Late Bronze on top of that, and in Late Bronze at Ugarit, at Ras Shamra you have texts of the El Amarna letters. Therefore you're putting Hammurabi before and after Akhenaton. Rose: There are things to be looked at there, but Hammurabi has been mentioned by people as a general title. There are all kinds of ways of getting out of this. I'm not proposing any. But I've looked for something clear cut that shoots this down, and, so far, I haven't found it. Heinsohn: ...(???)... If you look ...(???)... the first source on iron mines. Not just a piece of iron, but iron mines, you have it about the time of Hammurabi. So one guy sold his iron mine to another guy. This is such a heavy Iron Age evidence, that you couldn't make up a stronger evidence for an Iron Age, when people were trading mines back and forth. And the strata of the Hammurabi period are always immediately beneath the Hellenistic strata. So you dig one meter down from Alexander the Great and right there you hit Hammurabi. Rose: Velikovsky has a nice section in Ramses II and His Time on the ages of metal. Stengel: May I add one thing? I have been fortunate enough to read Dr. Heinsohn's books in the German, and I've read them five to seven times. And I must say, I don't see the problem between either one of your ideas. I think they're going to be shown to be compatible. I think Hammurabi has been totally misidentified. And we will see who Hammurabi is in just a few months, or a year or so. Questioner 7: How about Herodotus? Have you tried to fit his visit to Egypt during the Persian occupation into this? Rose: I've looked at all of that and I don't see any major barriers. Herodotus is actually quite favorable to Velikovsky because he brings the Age of the Pyramids so far down. He brings it to just before the Ethiopian dynasty. Questioner 7: ...(???)... visited Egypt in what? 450 B.C.? Rose: His dates are not known. It might have been 450, it might have been a little later or a little earlier. Questioner 7: I think it was during the Persian occupation. Rose: Yes, it would have been. But the twelfth dynasty could have been up the river. He does mention a Sesostris. Which might have been Sesostris I. I don't make any claim about that, but there is a Sesostris to be the one that Herodotus mentioned, if you want one. Questioner 7: I mentioned that the pyramids were built just a few years before Herodotus was there. Rose: That's what I was suggesting. Questioner 7: Exactly. And I think that your work will help to prove this out. Rose: A few centuries, maybe. END CHART 1 Recorded Dates, "Reduced" where Equivalent Calculated necessary, with Possibility I for C Julian Julian Dates and with Possibility II for D Dates from Schoch Sesostris II 10090 (A) Year 03 III smw 16 Oct 13 Oct 13, -404 [2] Sesostris III 10092 Year 05 II 3ht 23 Jan 22 Jan 22, -396 (3) 10009 Year 05 II prt 22 May 20 May 20, -396 (2) 10082 Year 06 I 3ht 13 Dec 12 Dec 12, -396 (3) Year 06 II 3ht 12 Jan 10 Jan 10, -395 (3) Year 06 III 3ht 12 Feb 09 Feb 09, -395 (3) 10130 Year 08 II 3ht 21 Jan 19 Jan 19, -393 (2) Year 08 III 3ht 21 Feb 18 Feb 18, -393 (2) 10003 (E) Year 09 III prt 08 Jun 04 Jun 04, -392 (2) 10112 Year 10 IIII 3ht 29 Mar 27 Mar 27, -391 (2) 10412 Year 11 I 3ht 19 Dec 17 Dec 17, - 391 (3) 10165 Year 12 II smw 03 Aug 28 Aug 28, -399 (4) 10248 (F) Year 14 II 3ht 16 Jan 12 Jan 12, -397 (3) 10011 Year 16 II prt 23 May 19 May 19, -395 (2) 10016 Year 18 I smw 29 Aug 22 Aug 22, -393 (3) Amenemhet III 10166 Year 09 II 3ht 16 Jan 09 Jan 09, -373 (2) 58065 (H) Year 09 II smw 10 Aug 31 Aug 31, -373 (4) 10018 Year 10 II 3ht 05 Dec 29 Dec 29, -373 (2) 10079 Year 10 III 3ht 05 Jan 28 Jan 28, - 372 (2) 10344 Year 11 III 3ht 24 Feb 15 Feb 15, -371 (2) 10104 Year 24 III prt 02 May 21 May 21, -358 (2) 10056 (D) Year 30 II smw 24 Sep 08 Sep 08, -352 (3) III smw 23 Oct 07 Oct 07, - 352 (3) IIII smw 23 Nov 06 Nov 06, - 352 (3) Year 31 I 3ht 17 Dec 05 Dec 05, -352 (2/3) II 3ht 18 Jan 05 Jan 05, - 351 (2/3) III 3ht 17 Feb 03 Feb 03, - 351 (2) IIII 3ht 17 Mar 05 Mar 05, - 351 (2) I prt 16 Apr 03 Apr 03, - 351 (3) II prt 16 May 03 May 03, - 351 (2) III prt 15 Jun 01 Jun 01, - 351 (3) IIII prt 15 Jul 01 Jul 01, - 351 (3) I smw 14 Jul 30 Jul 30, - 351 (3) 10006 (C) Year 5 II 3ht 07 Dec 25 Dec 25, -351 (2) III 3ht 06 Jan 23 Jan 23, - 350 (2) 10206 Year 5 II 3ht 24 Jan 10 Jan 10, -346 (2) CHART 2 Chronology of the Dynasties of the Residence It-towe -500 -x +y Amenemhet I Year 01 (ascension on II smw 9 - Sep 30 Julian?) -480 -x +y Amenemhet I Year 21 -Sesostris I, Year 0I -472 -x +y Amenemhet I Year 29 -Sesostris I, Year 09 -471 -x +y Sesostris I Year 10 -438 -x +y Sesostris I Year 43 -Amenemhet II, Year 01 -436 -x +y Sesostris I Year 45 -Amenemhet II, Year 03 -435 -x +y Amenemhet II Year 04 -406 -x +y Amenemhet II Year 33 -Sesostris II, Year 01 -404 -x +y +z Amenemhet I Year 35 +z Sesostris I, Year 03 +z -403 -x +y +z Sesostris II Year 04 +z -401 Sesostris II Year 06 +x -y -400 [Sesostris II Year 06 +x -y +1 =] Sesostris III, Year 01 [-399 +y -2 Sesostris II Year 06 +x -Sesostris III, Year -y] -394 Sesostris III Year 07 IIII prt 16 = Jul 13 Julian -382 Sesostris III Year 19 -381 -x +y [Sesostris III Year 20 =] Amenemhet III, Year 01 [-362 -x +y -z Sesostris III Year 39 -y +y -z = Amenemhet III, Year 20 -x +y -z] [-361 -x +y -z Amenemhet III Year 21 -x +y -z] -352 Amenemhet III Year 30 -351 Amenemhet III Year 31 -344 Amenemhet III Year 38 Sebeknefru's last complete year as co- regent? -343 Amenemhet III Year 39 = Amenemhet IV, Year 0I [replacing Sebeknefru?] -335 Amenemhet III Year 47 = Amenemhet IV, Year 09 -334 Sebeknefru Year 1 -332 Sebeknefru Year 3 -331 Sebeknefru Year 4 [until III smw 25 = Oct 4 Julian