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Conversion of radio carbon dates

When dealing with radio carbon dates, one has to remember that the
measured date is not the calendar date. For this one has to calibrate
the radio carbon date *Uncal BP (in former times written as bp or as bc
[=Uncal BP-1950])* towards the calendar date *BP* or *BCE  (in former
times written as Calbc)*.
The following table is calculated with the help of the program CALIB
(using data from Stuiver, M. and Pearson, 1993).
The uncertainty in the radio carbon date *Uncal BP* is taken 100 years.
The error/uncertainly in the calendar date *BCE* is then in the order of
80 years (1 sigma).
Conversion table Period 	Radio carbon date 	Avg. Calendar date
                                    Uncal BP 	               BCE
middle bronze 				2950 			1140
middle bronze 				3450 			1780
early bronze 				3550 			1860
early bronze 				3730 			2220
late neolithic 				3950 			2430
late neolithic 				4450 			3170
early neolithic 			4950 			3720
early neolithic 			5450 			4290

Remarks:

* BP

* Before Present. Reference date is 1950 CE. BCE

Before Common Era, the calendar date.

*Remember that in practice this is not a straight line,*
*it has many dips in it, but it gives a general indication at least.*
*More information can be found here
<http://units.ox.ac.uk/departments/rlaha/orau/01_frm.htm>.*

A CALIB computer program (Windows
<http://www.rlaha.ox.ac.uk/orau/06_frm.htm>) and a web page
<http://radiocarbon.pa.qub.ac.uk/calib/calib.html> are available to
calculate the conversion.

Conversion historical dates and astronomical dates

*Historical Date* 	
*Astronomical Date*

2 CE

2

1 CE

1

1 BCE

0

2 BCE

-1

3 BCE

-2

Another thing to remember when looking at astronomical dates, is that
most computer programs use the Julian calendar before October 15^th ,
1582  (even in the BCE times, while we don't know the calendaring then)
instead of the Gregorian calendar we use at present dates. So e.g.
December 21^st , 2800 BCE becomes January 11^th , -2798.

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