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250-million-year-old /Cryolophosaurus ellioti/ bone found in Antarctica.
Image courtesy of David Elliot.

How Long Ago?
Jan 01, 2009

*When presented with the Electric Universe theory and the planetary
catastrophes that might have occurred in the past, a commonly evoked
question is: When did it all take place?*

There are beds of coal covering millions of square kilometers all over
the world. They vary in thickness and composition, as well as in the
material combined with them /in situ/. Insects, leaves, tree trunks,
rocks of every kind, and the bones of animals from hundreds of species
abound—some say human bones have been found in a Pennsylvania coal seam.
There are carbonized trees standing upright in some coal deposits,
although how they extend downward through so many "geological ages" is a
mystery to paleontologists, since the layers are said to progress
through eons of time: 250-500 million years ago.

There are forests of mineralized trees under some of the deepest ice in
Antarctica. Cores drilled through the ice sometimes contain scorched and
petrified wood fragments. Mineralized trees cover large areas of the
American prairie, a so-called "petrified forest" encompassing thousand
of specimens. Not forgetting to mention the bones of animals in
unbelievable numbers entombed within sedimentary deposits hundreds of
meters thick alongside their fossilized forest home.

Fish skeletons in shoals that could number in the millions of
individuals pose in frozen postures, as if they are swimming through a
matrix of sandstone. What force could bury a school of fish covering
thousands of square kilometers in an instant, leaving their skeletons in
lifelike positions, fins extended, mouths open, as if they were killed
and tuned to stone in between one breath and another? How could it keep
them whole, without being disarticulated or crushed?

Trilobites, sauropods, pterosaurs, cycads, ginkgos, clams,
dragonflys—all preserved for what is said to be millions, hundreds of
millions, and even billions of years in a variety of minerals. Some
fossils, unlike the fish that appear as if they are still swimming, are
broken and disjointed, or scattered over a wide area. Some are entangled
in heaps almost as tall as mountains, with multitudes of different
species all mixed together in a grisly zoological assemblage. Combined
in giant solidified piles with splintered trees and shredded leaves, one
is hard-pressed to find a singe intact skeleton amidst the chaos.

When did the animals meet their dooms? When did the forests burn, freeze
and then succumb to their very tissues being replaced by stone? How
accurate is the system used to date the fossil forests and animal
graveyards?

One of the most basic assumptions in the development of an accurate
"calendar" by which events could be dated was that the Earth is an
isolated celestial body that does not interact with other bodies.
Another assumption is that radioactive decay rates are constant, Earth's
energy cycle has received no additional input since the radioactive
elements were formed, or no alteration to its electrical or magnetic
fields have taken place. That means geologists can "rely on" a smooth,
continuous clock ticking off the millennia at a measurable rate. Is that
the case, however? Is there evidence that the radiometric dating methods
that scientists use with such confidence can change?

Cosmic rays or electrical discharges could increase the percentages of
C-14 ("radiocarbon") in living organisms. If the remains of those
organisms were dated using the standard radiocarbon ratios, they would
appear to be much younger than they are, or much closer to the present
era than they should be.

Conversely, if an increase in radioactively neutral carbon isotope were
to accumulate in our biosphere from burning forests, from cosmic dust,
or from extensive volcanic eruptions, anything dated following whichever
particular cause would appear much older. No definite timeline can be
constructed using the dating methods traditionally thought to produce
accurate results.

It seems possible that plasma interactions with Earth and other charged
bodies in space, or the impact of ion beams from a vast cloud of plasma
on our biosphere could disrupt all the elemental changes that are used
to date rocks: uranium changing to lead; potassium changing to argon; or
samarium changing to neodymium. Therefore, the Earth could be much
younger than the billions of years commonly ascribed to it. It is
equally possible that it is much older than is thought. Until some
radical new discovery is made, no one can be sure.

By Stephen Smith

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