http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ mirrored file For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== Dragon Storm Dragon Storm --Dennis Cox A catastrophe of comets. Here there be Dragons Most of this blog is focused on my own observations of land forms that show recent and significant thermal modification. All of the images are unaltered screenshots from Google Earth an the Latitude and Longitude are given in the bottom left of each image. I am a passionate believer in the need for peer review. But somehow, somewhere along the way "Peer review" has come to mean submission for academic colleague approval instead of submission for verification as empirical fact. As if science were a political, or judicial process that should be done in closed classrooms, or closed laboratories, while the rest of the world waits out in the hall for a verdict, or press release. I can't speak for the rest of the world but when I find something that has our most brilliant scientists scratching their heads because they have no clue it sets my curiosity on fire. I have obsessive, compulsive, curiosity issues; If they have no answers, I'll go find my own. The geophysical sciences have become fossilized into an unyielding matrix of uniformitarian, and gradualist theories that wither and wilt in the light of satellite images of northern Mexico that show half mile wide blobs of melted mountain tops that flew from a flat, scorched, smoothly melted plain 10 miles away that no longer has a mountain on it. Or miles wide rivers of ejecta, breccias, and high speed pyroclastic flows that originate from strange, barren, sinuous, dragon spine shaped, mountains. And no volcanic activity for hundreds of miles. Or a thousand square miles of sand dunes in China fused, melted, and whipped into peaked shapes like meringue on a pie. And those same dunes surrounding miles wide lakes of black glass. According to standard landform creation theory these things can not be. Never the less; Here they are. I'm afraid satellite images are all we get for a while because one of the reasons these places have remain undiscovered so long is that they are in some of the most remote, and desolate places on earth. But they are also some of the last unexplored places on earth and that's a part of the allure. Let me describe some pieces of a postulate. 1. When a cluster of comet fragments strikes the earth almost all of their energy is released in an above ground explosions like Tunguska in 1908. But Tunguska was rare only in that it arrived alone. the pictures I present here attest to the fact that Tunguska was very small and insignificant. Our atmosphere does not protect us from these objects though. Instead of deep impact cratering we get heat. An object that carries enough energy to pulverize a mountain range to dust on the moon or mars. Would bring the same amount of energy here, and more. But here it will be shown that here on Earth the mountain almost always gets melted and blown away, not smashed. The Earth gets hit many more times than the moon yet there are no craters. When you stop looking for smashed mountains and round craters and begin looking for evidence of a fire so hot that sometimes stone flows like water whipped in the turbulent winds of a storm. you will find many more examples of recent unimaginable cataclysms than you wanted to know about. 2. Once a rock has become hot enough to flow it will tend to flow away from the heat/pressure source that melted it. Sometimes even uphill if that direction happens to be downwind. 3. Like iron filings in a magnetic field, the lines of flow the fluid stone takes describes the lines of the forces that drive it. So when you find blast melted, fire whipped stone it is almost always easy to follow it back to the location of it's heat and pressure source. And usually when you find that spot you'll find only bare smooth stone; there's nothing there. Nothing at all! Although, it is not uncommon to find some turquoise nearby. If there is anything all of the places I have found have in common is that they are unquestionably the strangest places on earth. March 07 3:30 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | View trackbacks (0) Some ejecta I found that was lying around and waiting for someone to assess Ernst `twas up in the air before it got there. Where it came from I hadn't a guess; Mex31 `Twas strange and quite queer; no volcano was near. Or round crater to account for the mess. How rude and cold cruel to break every rule, then lie in plain sight n'er the less? Rosetta13 FromAbove That is ejecta and high speed pyroclastic melt flows at the base of the mountain on the right. And not a trace of alluvial material from weather erosion. This is ablation, not erosion. Instead of eroding to it's current form slowly and gently over eons as gradualist landform theory would demand. This mountain had the audacity to allow itself to be ablated to it's present shape in a matter seconds. How rude! Now what are we going to do with all of those old text books? Heck! Never mind the silly old textbooks. What are we going to do about the fact that no one alive has any idea what the nature of the object is that can do this to a mountain when it explodes above it? Dragonbed1 The Latitude and longitude are in the bottom left of every image. All of the lighter areas surrounding this mountain are ejecta, and pyroclastic melt flows that originated from it. There is nothing in gradualist, or uniformitarian landform theory to account for this. And the creationists have nothing either. Careers could be changed, comfortable old theories overturned and funding re-routed. Therefore, this mountain should be ignored and the description of it's near destruction by a blast of ablation from above discounted as blasphemy. Or, at best, the mere mutterings of a layman lest we upset the academic apple cart. ...NOT! Dragonbed There are no volcanic vents, or impact craters, as a source for all of the ejecta and pyroclastic materials. And it required a tremendous source of energy to account for the heat and pressure to move them to their present shape and location. That energy source was clearly above ground. Therefore: The energy source for the formation of these mountain forms and all of the pyroclastic geomorphology in this region is of an extraterrestrial origin. And therefore; these are good examples of some of the many forms of comet blast burns. Mex25 There are volumes of horribly arcane text books that describe various complicated geological processes that might account for some of the features we see here. But not the position of the ejecta and flow patterns of the pyroclastic materials. So in the interest of keeping it simple, sometimes you have to go with your fundamental kindergarten heart and simply accept that something really big came down out of the sky. And just before it hit the ground it went boom . And then it got really hot. And you can tell there was a lot of them because it happened all over the place. Ernst1 Pyro See what I mean? March 07 3:13 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | View trackbacks (0) Dragons of The Firestorm Wind I had postulated that comet impacts are very common and the reason we couldn't find them was because the impact sites must look differently than we had expected. The Firestone paper had suggested temperatures of as much as 10 million degrees centigrade. I mentioned this online in a chat room and was promptly flamed and ridiculed. Because "Clearly, that is ridiculous, ten million degrees would make solid stone flow like water." I had to concede that the gentleman was correct. But I didn't think that invalidated the Firestone paper so I went looking for so geology that would fit the bill. It didn't make much sense to look in populated areas because if there was anything there someone would have found it already. It didn't take long at all to find it. There's those shock rings again Mex6 February 24 1:17 PM | Add a comment | Read comments (1) | Permalink | View trackbacks (0) A Catastrophe of Comets These blog pages are about a comet that brought a bad day to North America. And of the marks of a different kind of extra terrestrial impact structure that isn't a crater and that has no parallel, or precedent. For for most of this blog I'll just a call it a blast zone. A few links: http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/barry/4related.html http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=741568C2D58A9793 My purpose here is simply to get your attention any way I can. Hopefully to frighten you and move you to action; to point out a clear and present danger that could kill us all. This has nothing to do with any doomsday group predicting the end of the world. Or who is the first to find something. Who gives a rip? This goes to species survival. Only 13,000 years ago North America had a lush and verdant ecosystem as varied as the African savanna. And then some devastating cataclysm ended it all in minutes. We could be next. And if we haven't put aside our silly religious and political differences and learned how to divert one of these things before the next one arrives, we could all go the way of the dinosaurs. These blast zones should provide enough questions to fill many lifetimes of research. But I am going to declare open season on any hint of scientific dogma relating to this thing. My curiosity knows no bounds. And any sentence that begins with the statement; "Most scientists agree that________", or "Most geologists agree that________",(You can fill in the blanks any way you like) indicates the speaker has no more clue than I, and is only spouting memorized textbook dogma as scripture to cover the fact. Such drivel, regardless who speaks it, belongs in the same category as "Most high priests and scribes agree that the world is a large flat plate, carried thru time, on the back of a giant turtle, at the center of the universe while the sun, moon, and stars dance merrily across the skies above." Show me the data. I'll do my own guessing. At least I can put some intuitive imagination into it. Let's do a simple thought experiment. If we think of the Earth and Moon as a binary system, or gravity well then it is fair to assume that if objects randomly enter that gravity well, then they should divide proportionately according to the sizes of the individual attractors in that system. Or to put it more simply: We must get hit about six times more often than the moon, and by bigger objects. Consider that all of the landforms on the moon, every mountain range, every depression, every feature you can see, are impact related. Anyone with a toy telescope can look up on a clear night and see whole mountain ranges that were raised up in seconds sometime in the past. And anyone can look at the erosion of land forms here on Earth and see how slow that process is. The study of astronomy gives us a pretty good idea of the frequency of the various sizes of impacts. But when we look at all of these factors at the same time we get an uncomfortable lump of mystery in our imagination and our thought experiment breaks down because you can't resolve to a believable mental picture; there should be allot more impact structures, big ones, clearly visible, with little or no erosion. In fact, I would argue that somewhere on this planet there must be at least one mountain range, however old, or deeply eroded, that owes its existence to an extra-terrestrial impact or explosion. And yet, there is not a single accepted theory that allows for extra-terrestrial events as one of the possible driving forces in landform creation. (All of the "time tested" geology theories date to before S.L.-9 hit Jupiter. And to a time when none of us believed such things were anything but science fiction.) Since they must be here right under our feet then maybe the pretty, perfect circle craters we see on the Moon and Mars, and that we've come to expect here on Earth aren't what we should be looking for. But if we're not looking for round craters, then what are we looking for? There had been a lot in the science news about evidence that a big comet had exploded over North America only about 12,900 years ago. It was a story I had been following for nearly 10 years. I would read every news clip or article. And every research paper I could lay my hands on. The mystery just kept getting deeper; a mass extinction explosion that produced enough energy to melt part of the Laurentide ice sheet and trigger a return to ice age conditions. And to reduce much of the combined biomass of half the continent to ashes, but didn't leave any visible trace...NAH!! It began to be a kind of mental treasure hunt. Each new discovery (they ran the gamut of all the sciences, archeology, climatology, paleontology, etc.) that was announced that pointed to an extra terrestrial impact event added another piece of the puzzle until I began to get a pretty good mental image of the explosion, and where it may have happened. And if, no crater, then what ground effects should they be looking for? The research all pointed to an object that was different from any of the impactors that had been studied, or predicted so far. And to an above ground explosion with an immense fireball probably higher than the atmosphere that was equally unparalleled and unprecedented. It wasn't too much of a stretch to think it may have caused a different kind of astrobleme No one, not even the world's top scientists were really sure what kind of effects they should be looking for. The answer was in the effects of a massive surface compression shock wave; if you go to an outdoor firing range you'll notice the circular shock rings that kick up in the dust at the feet of the people shooting. R.B.Firestone et al. describes an explosion of 1 billion megatons with a fireball that reached 10 million degrees C. That didn't create a crater due to a possible above ground blast. But they could only guess as to its location. I figured they should be looking for signs of surface compression shock waves but hundreds of miles in diameter. The whole idea had been more or less a mental hobby that I would mull over whenever I had time to relax and do a little reading and day dreaming. A kind of working mans Zen if you will. I was dying to hear the last chapter in the story. Any day now I expected to read a press release that the researchers had finally discovered where the thing had exploded. And I never in a million years thought I should be writing this stuff down. I had some basics that began to form the beginning of a hypothesis. The first part was a realization that came to me reading the news about a glitchy Soyuz space capsule that came in too steep and hard and gave the astronauts a really bone jarring ride home. It was about entry angle: Get it right and you can slip right on through with just a little ablation and some burned paint. Get it wrong and the re entry shock will kick your butt. My best guess was that about thirty degrees approach would bring allot of stuff right on thru to the ground. If they came in steeper, they might tend to break up or explode high in the atmosphere. Shallower, and they would just skip off the atmosphere and keep on going. Never mind perfect circle craters. Look for evidence of oblique low angle strikes. But I needed to get a better mental picture of what the impact or blast zone might look like. To do that I needed to at least get a guess as to the true nature of the explosion. So I started reading about the chemistry of most comets. Most of the research I could find was aimed at getting some idea of the chemistry of the early solar system without any consideration of what the comet being studied might do if it were vaporized in our atmosphere. What I learned was scary as hell. Forget your fairy tale stories of snowballs flying through the heavens. They are all nasty, vile, toxic, things, with a spectrum that wouldn't be out of place in the worst superfund cleanup site on earth. Even the most benign of them, brought to earth gently, and allowed to melt and evaporate would be an environmental nightmare. And a cubic mile of methane ice, acetylene ice, and water ice laced with stuff like formaldehyde, and nitrogen sulfide vaporized in an oxygen rich environment might make for the mother of all fuel-air bombs. The scars left by a billion megaton, 10 million degree, explosion that devastated an entire continent shouldn't be that hard to spot, should they? Not after only a few thousand years anyway. And in fact they're not. One day I read about a fellow down under. Who had found a crater in Australia using Google Earth. I figured, if an Aussie can do it so can a Yank. I'd never used the program before. But, what the heck, I downloaded and installed it, turned it on, and got that shock of a life time. At first I thought it was a practical joke played by the software designers. Or maybe it was just an artifact of the software. But right there, clear as can be, looking for all the world like a target area after a bombing run was a giant blast zone covering almost a third of the eastern USA with Lake Guntersville Alabama at the epicenter of the main blast. All air bursts in a tightly grouped pattern. And not a one of them ever hit the ground so, as predicted, there's no crater. You can count five or six right away in an overlapping sequence. But since the two biggest objects look to have exploded last it's hard to get a better count than that. But the semi circular surface compression shock rings are more than two hundred and fifty miles in diameter! clip_image002 I still thought the thing must be photo shopped because the scale of it just defied comprehension. I spent weeks studying the Google earth images trying to debunk what I was looking at. If it was a hoax, and the images were photo shopped whoever did it was really, really, good! If you zoom in closer you see that the lighter areas in the picture are arable farmland. Not ancient rock formations. The darker green has less human habitation and is more forested. In the old days, when the first settlers arrived land that was broken up enough that it could be worked with a mule, and a plow, and a pick. And had good drainage was as good as it gets. Therefore the lighter areas map out the most pulverized material and thus, are a good proxy for mapping out the areas of maximum overpressure from the surface compression shock waves. No matter how closely I looked I couldn't pick it apart. Since there didn't seem to be any reason to doubt that it was real then it seemed the next thing to do was try to get an understanding of the sequence. KaboomWeb I am going to assume that, as far fetched as it may seem to some; all of the scientists involved in those two studies got it right. And that their work is sound. And that there was nothing wrong with the satellite cameras that took the images that are freely available to anyone with a copy of Google Earth running on their computer. And that therefore those images can be trusted. And that most, if not all, of the features shown are the product of the combined effects of the detonation, heat, and compression shock waves of an above ground explosive event of extra terrestrial origin that has no parallel, or precedence anywhere else on Earth, or in this solar system. And unless you're happy with holding an elephant by the tail and calling him a rope new science, fresh viewpoints, and new learning tools will be required to study it. This is not a crater! Pardon me while I digress but I need to make sure that we draw a clear distinction lookingeast between extra terrestrial impact structures, i.e. cratering, and the features that might be expected of a non-impact, or above ground extra terrestrial blast structure I'm just guessing but the angle of approach seems to be about thirty degrees to the ground. And it looks to have come in from the southwest at a point about 45 degrees below the plane of the ecliptic. It was probably a broken string consisting of as many as twenty pieces ranging in size from Tunguska up to something many orders of magnitude larger with the largest arriving last. In a relentless succession of thunderous explosions, each one would have added more heat energy to the firestorm. This is where everything you can find about explosions and firestorms begins to break down. This was a monster that breaks all of the rules. Even in the largest nuclear explosion ever detonated there was room for convection to lift the fireball from the surface. But this thing was so big that the fireball would have been higher than the atmosphere. The heat must have stayed at ground level and spread out incinerating everything for hundreds of miles in every direction. clip_image008 The combined energy of all of the explosions would have produced an elongate firestorm higher than the atmosphere that, as it spread out, would have incinerated almost all life east of the Rockies. Note the direction the heat would have taken downrange. Like a giant blowtorch, It would have melted thousands of square miles of the Laurentide Ice sheet in seconds. The sudden inflow of fresh water into the North Atlantic would have shut down the Thermal Haline cycle like turning a switch. And may have been triggered the Younger Dryas cooling event. The simplest explanation was that this was the location of the so called Younger Dryas impact event, and that all of the researchers who had described it were absolutely correct. But when I asked a few scientists what their take on it was. They'd look at it. And, almost without exception, I would get the same negative canned answer: "Most geologists agree that those rings were caused by an ancient continental collision millions of years ago along with the Appalachians."....."Most clip_image006 geologists agree" My alarms started going off. The lighter areas in the blast structure are material that is more pulverized such as arable farmlands so they are a good proxy to map out an image of the surface compression shock waves of the explosions. Any ark shaped landform on Earth that is the product of such a collision (The Himalayas, Aleutian Islands, any island ark) has roots that go all the way down through the basement structure of the continent. But on a map available from the USGS, and Titled Preliminary Precambrian Basement Structure Map of Continental United States http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1029/downloads/plate1.pdf The Appalachians are there. But the rings aren't. There is no hint of them in the aeromagnetic data. They only exist in the surface material. In fact, there is no evidence at all of any circular uplifting in the basement structure beneath. clip_image011 I am assuming that there is nothing wrong with our eyes. We're not loosing our wits. What looks from a viewpoint a few hundred miles up to be the clearly visible, fairly recent, high energy blast structure covering half a continent which was described so well by R.B. Firestone et al. is precisely that. And it ties up many loose ends in archeology, paleontology, and climatology very nicely. Although some of the geologists I've talked to are like the Wizard of Oz, frantically trying to cover while shouting into the microphone; "Pay no attention to the old man behind the curtain!!" But Toto is not going to go away. R.B. Firestone et al described an object that was very different from anything studied so far. That may be the understatement of the century. clip_image013 What you see here is the blast structure looking head on from the approach path of the objects. The line through the center was caused by the downward force of the main explosion breaking the bedrock. The Arcs in the foreground are the fingerprints of the surface compression shock wave expanding outwards from the main explosion. And in addition to the main set there are smaller ones surrounding the epicenter indicating multiple impacts. And it was the additional hit's downrange that erased part of the shock rings. There would have been more than enough heat from the combined explosions to incinerate the plains and reduce the biomass of half a continent to ashes. The "Black Mat" is that ash layer. There are some pretty good pictures of it in the reference material The most frightening part of all of this is just how common these things really are. The sad simple fact is that we really don't know that much at all about Earth impacts. There are a few brave scientists who are running outside the Mex6 mainstream studying deep impact structures. But even though Tunguska was a century ago I haven't been able to find anyone looking for non-impact blast structures. History didn't leave many witnesses either. Even Tunguska, as small as it was, didn't leave many witnesses to the main fireball. Any one close enough to get a good look at it didn't live to tell the tale. But these few blast Structures make it painfully clear that, continent spanning mass extinction explosions can, and do, happen here on Earth without any cratering at all. It also shows us that we should be looking more at the chemistry of comets with the question of what they might do if vaporized in an oxygen rich environment. February 03 10:56 AM | Add a comment | Permalink | View trackbacks (0) Bulls Eye Outside the rings on the south side of them you see blast breccias. inside all traces of alluvium are gone and the fractures in the stone are re-welded from the heat of the fireball. outside on the north side we find blankets of melt thrown outside the rings by the force of the blasts. OuterRing1 Curtain3 I had a geologist tell me the rock samples from the site would need to be subjected to detailed laboratory analysis to positively confirm this as an extra terrestrial impact site. He was willing to fabricate numerous complicated ideas like an ancient uplifted dome that weathered away over uncountable eons of time. He had no idea how the melt blankets got laid there like that. But the profoundly obvious nature of this as an above ground multiple explosion site was unthinkable to him. OuterRing Curtain4 Mex20 look below very closely. At the center of all of that ejecta; No crater, no volcano. only a five mile long blast-burned mountain. Millions of years of years from now this will be just another ordinary tabletop mountain, Classic Classic2 A comet fragment that possesses sufficient energy to pulverize a mountain range on the moon would be even more violent here. Our atmosphere doesn't shield us, or protect us as we have thought. Instead it seems that it translates almost all of the kinetic energy of even the larger objects into heat. So that here the mountain just melts and flows away like butter under a blowtorch instead of getting smashed and bashed. If you stop looking for simple bolide kinetic impact craters and begin looking for hyper thermal blast effects suddenly they are everywhere. I read some where that a scientist objected to the idea of looking for oval shaped impact structures because they are so rare everyplace else in the solar system. Perhaps someone forget to point out to him that the Earth is like no place else in the solar system and that perhaps she has her own ways of dealing with violent visitors. The blast melt basin below is not allowed to exist because it breaks all the rules. The white line is a mile long. R3 The impactite hole in the edge of the blast basin also breaks all of the rules. especially when you note that the material below it was so fluid there is barely a mark. R5 Mex24 Mex22 DB Let's just look at this one for a minute. The melt gets progressively more consolidated, and fluid.as we move towards the mountain ridges. The melt at the base of the mountain was in a smooth flowing state. And the lines of flow were defined by the lines of force driving and moving it. Here gravity only played a small role. The main driving force for the melt was the source of heat and pressure above the ridge. The pattern of ablation evident in the ridge can used as a proxy for understanding the shape of the high pressure area above it. The Chinese and Mayan dragon murals are starting to look like historical accounts all the time. "Dragon Spine" is a good name for this for this kind of mountain form but to be a little bit more technical, and specific how about "Ablative Pyroclastic Geomorphology"? They told me in school that all mountains take millions of years to form and erode away. Says who? It looks to me like at least some of them can be raised up, or blown away, in a cosmic instant. Below we have Accretive Laminate Pyroclastic Geomorphology. or melt blankets. BurnedMountain2 Heck, I'm jus' gettin' started. January 23 1:44 PM