From c.leroy@rocketmail.com Mon Mar 26 20:36:55 2012 Date: Mon, 26 Mar 2012 13:20:02 -0700 (PDT) To: velikov@yahoogroups.com FYI: Here is an inspired imagining of the Younger Dryas Boundary Impact event 12,900 B.P. informed by images from google.earth. CLE --- On Mon, 3/26/12, Rich Murray wrote: From: Rich Murray Subject: Dennis Cox paradigm re two 12.9 Ka BP Taurid Complex ice comet fragment stream impact air burst Boslough jet storms 800 km wide -- long detailed review -- Google Earth images: Rich Murray 2012.03.25 To: meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com, "Rich Murray" Date: Monday, March 26, 2012, 5:06 AM Dennis Cox paradigm re two 12.9 Ka BP Taurid Complex ice comet fragment stream impact air burst Boslough jet storms 800 km wide -- long detailed review -- Google Earth images: Rich Murray 2012.03.25 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/03/dennis-cox-paradigm-re-two-129-ka-bp.html http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/99 https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2&ik=cea3602cde&view=lg&msg=1364b5d66e2a8d 5 http://wp.me/pKGTX-oI http://craterhunter.wordpress.com/2012/03/25/a-different-kind-of-climate-catast ophe-2-2/ http://craterhunter.wordpress.com/a-different-kind-of-climate-catastrophe/ Sun, Mar 25, 2012 at 12:37 PM New post on A Catastrophe of Comets A Different Kind of Climate Catastrophe by Dennis Cox A couple of years ago, as a hobby, and pass-time, I set out to see if I could work out a better way of identifying potential sites to go meteorite hunting. I had learned to do battle damage assessment from aerial reconnaissance photos a long time ago in the Army. And the blast damage, and ground effects from an explosive event, are pretty much the same, no matter what the source of the explosion might be. Itâ^À^Ùs only a question of scale, and explosive force. Visually, there is very little difference in the appearance of a bomb crater, and an impact crater of the same size. So a forensic technique of reading the patterns of movement in the emplacement of blast effected materials on the ground applies well in the search for potential impact related geology. The quality of the image data now commonly available to anyone with a good PC, an internet connection, and a copy of Google Earth, is excellent. In the past five years, the publically available image data has really come into its own. And todayâ^À^Ùs 21st century satellite imagery allows us to study the surface of the Earth at a level of detail our fathers could never have imagined.... [ end of review ] .....Some time between 20,000, and 30,000 years ago a great comet 50 km to 100 km wide was thrown into the inner solar system. And it immediately began to break up. That disintegrating comet was the progenitor of the Taurid Complex. A family of objects in related, short period, Earth crossing orbits. And 12,900 years ago, just after the end of the last ice age, two large clusters of fragments from that monster, both with the fragment size, density, and distribution like we see in comets Linear, or SW-3. Had a celestial train wreck with this fair world of ours. The individual fragments of each cluster were so close, that in the heart of their respective impact zones, only the first fragments to fall, fell into cold atmosphere. The rest fell into the already superheated impact plumes of those that had gone before. And they just cranked up the heat and pressure. Something like 1.1 billion tons of material fell in those two clusters. And the event lasted a little over an hour. The progression of the event was a result of the Earthâ^À^Ùs movement along its orbital path, as it crossed through the orbital path of the giant cometâ^À^Ùs debris stream. Not a product of the Earthâ^À^Ùs rotation. So that, if it was a daytime event, the fragments wouldâ^À^Ùve been outbound from perihelion. And as the Earth crossed the debris stream, the airburst storms wouldâ^À^Ùve begun in the west, and progressed to the east. In a night time event, the debris stream would be inbound towards their perihelion, and the opposite would be true. You get a better idea of the progression of the event if you consider how fast the Earth itself is traveling. Assuming that the Earthâ^À^Ùs orbit is roughly circular, we can work out its orbital speed with some fairly simple algebra. Since the average distance from the Earth to the Sun is 149,597,890 km., the Earth travels a distance of 2*Pi*(149,597,890), or 949,951,264.43 km per year. But I canâ^À^Ùt wrap my brain around that number when you write it that way. I need it broken down a little more. There are 365 days in a year, and 24 hours per day. So we get a velocity of 107,300 km/h, or if you prefer, 67,062 miles per hour. So what? How do we put that into a scale that makes some sense? We need to put that number into some kind of subjective context to make sense of it. Consider this: Earth's diameter at the Equator is something like 7,926.28 miles, or 12,756.1 km. Which means weâ^À^Ùre riding the Earth through space along her own orbital path at a little more than 8.41 times her own width every hour. So, as the Earth crossed the orbit of the Taurid progenitorâ^À^Ùs still concentrated debris streams, she would have only been in the path of that stuff for about an hour. And the two large clusters of fragments would have fell within a few short minutes of each other. The eastern end of the Laurentide Ice sheet got hit in an area from Northern Minnesota, and the Great Lakes to the Arctic Circle. When the down-blasts of thermal impact plasma hit the Laurentide Ice sheet, they caused titanic hydrothermal explosions (steam) that lofted huge icebergs hundreds of miles in all directions. In a matter of minutes, much of the eastern end of the LIS was obliterated. Much of which probably went into the atmosphere as steam. The ice sheet impacts evaporated millions of acre feet of ice directly into the atmosphere as steam. There was probably much more of the ice sheet that went up as steam, only to rain down in the days, and weeks, that followed than was melted to flow into the sea. As North America burned, the storms around the world raged. There were probably torrential rains everywhere in the northern hemisphere for weeks afterward. How long exactly? Who knows? We can only estimate. But for a good ball park figure to start from, the biblical 40 days, and 40 nights, sounds about right to me. And the signs of massive flooding that have been attributed by generations of geologists to the bursting of ice dams holding back Glacial lake Agassiz are very probably the flood effects of the flash melting of major portions of the eastern end of the Laurentide ice sheet. And the outflows from the resulting floods wouldâ^À^Ùve been to the north into the Arctic ocean, and the North Atlantic. There would also have been armadas of icebergs after the event in both areas. And I expect that the glacial till in those bergs must have been deposited on the ocean floor below as they melted. So Iâ^À^Ùd expect to see some evidence of that armada of icebergs in ocean cores. Sea levels rose as the blasted, and melted, ice sheet flowed in mega floods to the sea. And just as today, most of the larger populations would have been in low lying areas. The seas wouldâ^À^Ùve risen too fast or anyone, and anything, living in coastal areas anywhere in the world, to escape. Every coastline all over the world was effected. And everywhere it would have been much like a giant tsunami. But this time, the flood waters rose and never receded. Much of an ice sheet bigger than the Continental United States was destroyed. The whole world was shaken to the core. And, like taking weight from a floating barge, the sudden shift of the weight of so much ice caused a massive uplift of the middle of the continent. Coupled with the powerful detonations of so many exploding comet fragments, it caused earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions all over the world. And global seismic activity was the worst in many millions of years. Out of tens of thousands of large, air-bursting, fragments there is not one single impact structure the northeast impact zone that bears any resemblance to what standard impact theory might expect. There are a few hundred normal craters averaging about 100 meters width, in the southwest, on the outskirts of the primary impact zone there. And that have been pretty much ignored by the academic community. But for the most part, all of the planetary scarring of the event has been mis-defined as ancient volcanogenic. And most of the ages of those blast effected materials have been over estimated by orders of magnitude. The other much larger cluster of fragments hit in central Mexico, and the American southwest. And it produced the most devastating geo-ablative effects of the two. The Mexican cluster was approximately 500 miles wide. As the first of the fragments hit, they detonated high in the atmosphere. But the explosions retained their downward momentum. And they hit the ground as devastating supersonic down blasts hotter than the surface of the sun. And as I said, only the very first fell into cold atmosphere. The rest of the fragments just piled on in, and added to the heat, and pressure. Mexico didnâ^À^Ùt have an ice sheet to protect the surface by exploding on impact like reactive armor on a battle tank. And there, the overpressures from the blast waves were so powerful they blasted whole mountain ranges aside like clumps of flour on a bakers table. As the cometâ^À^Ùs debris continued to pile in, the heat, and overpressures, continued to build. In seconds all of central Mexico was pulverized into a surreal, and blasted, landscape of heavily ablated, and melted terrains, like a Salvador Dali painting. It generated a post impact storm front, hundreds of miles wide, and hundreds of miles from front to back. And it rushed downrange to the northwest at supersonic speeds, sterilizing the western half of the continent on a swath from Mexico to the Arctic, along a storm front extending from California to the great plains. The blast wind incinerated everything it passed over. In the hottest part of the impact zone, vast quantities of stone were vaporized, and whipped up, into the storm, where the atmosphere worked like a refining tower. And in a fiery rain, the materials precipitated out of the impact storm, down wind according to their condensation temperature, and specific gravity. This was like nothing ever imagined in our most frightening nightmares of disaster, or catastrophe. During the impacts, and for a few minutes after, most of North America from Mexico to the Arctic, and from California, to the plains of the Midwest, was engulfed in a firestorm like something we should only expect to find on the surface of the sun. And there is not one square inch of the surface terrains of western North America in its path that doesnâ^À^Ùt bare the scars of that blast of heat. In fact, look closely in modern satellite images. Youâ^À^Ùll see that all of the high ridges of the mountain ranges of California, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Montana that had glaciers at the time bear clear and obvious signs of the heat. And a profound feature that is easy to spot in satellite images is melted glacial ridges, blown over to the north, and northwest, like runnels of melted wax on the side of a candle. And we typically see high glacial valleys below those deformed, and melted, glacial ridges that have all of the material that was once suspended in the glacier lying exactly below where it was in the glacier. Indicating that the glacial till dropped out so fast itâ^À^Ùs as if the ice just vanished in a quick puff of steam. While the mega floods from the blasted ice sheet were still flowing into the sea. Much of the biomass of western North America was burned away. And much of the resultant smoke, and soot, was blown high above the atmosphere where it blocked sunlight for years. There was an immediate sharp drop in temperatures world wide. And it was the worst kind of â^À^ÙPerfect Stormâ^À^Ù. Made all the worse because at the same time the destruction of the LIS caused a sudden rise in sea levels world wide. It it may have caused a shutdown of the thermal haline cycle which brings tropical warmth to the North Atlantic. Be that as it may, Northern Europe quickly cooled to arctic temperatures. And the cold remained for something like 1,300 years. The Clovis people, and whole species, and ecosystems, were annihilated in seconds. Much of the western half of the continent was incinerated, and sterilized. The other half was devastated. The food chain of the entire northern hemisphere was severely compromised. And except for rare, and random, patches here, and there, that remained somehow unscathed like the one surviving undamaged house in a neighborhood hit by a tornado. The lush savannah that the giant animals of North America depended on for food was gone down to the last blade of grass. Those giant animals that survived in the southeast corner of the continent faced a drastically altered, and reduced food supply. And they simply starved. The specialist predators that depended on those animals for food perished as well. The species that survived extinction were the most adaptable, the smaller ones that didnâ^À^Ùt eat much, and those that were just plain lucky. If there were any human survivors of that day, anywhere in the western hemisphere, they were hiding in a deep cave somewhere well south, and east, of the impact zones. And they were cringing in terror as their world was erased and made new again. Any who peeked out of the cave without getting themselves killed, may have told stories of fire breathing dragons remaking the world with breath so hot it could melt mountains. All that might sound like the product of an overactive imagination. But using modern satellite imagery, a very compelling case can be made that the scenario described above is very close to the exact truth. One could make a good case that similar comet impact storms from the Taurid Complex caused the Bronze Age collapse 5,200 years ago. The remaining debris of the Taurid Complex is still out there. And there are still fragments of significant size in Earth crossing orbits. It is almost a certainty that the next major impact event will be an airburst. And it is a certainty that we havenâ^À^Ùt seen the last catastrophic impact event of the Taurid Complex. Something wicked this way comes. Itâ^À^Ùs been here a few times before. Itâ^À^Ùs caused extinctions before. Itâ^À^Ùs even killed humans in large numbers before. And it can be implicated in the collapse of many bronze age civilizations. Next time it comes back, it would be good to see it coming in time to get people out of the way. And to prepare for human survival in a drastically altered globate climate. Yet Congress would rather whiz away 70 million dollars trying to convince us a trace gas thatâ^À^Ùs important for life to flourish on this planet should be thought of as a pollutant. All the while giving funding for impact research, and the search for Near Earth Objects, little more than lip service. Dennis Cox, March 25, 2012 at 11:37 am, Tags: impact storm, Younger Dryas cooling, Younger Dryas impact URL: http://wp.me/pKGTX-oI Trouble clicking? Copy and paste this URL into your browser: http://craterhunter.wordpress.com/2012/03/25/a-different-kind-of-climate-catast ophe-2-2/ " [ minor typos corrected by R.M. ] pertinent features near Campbell Mountain, studied by Dennis Cox, by his house in Fresno, CA: Rich Murray 2011.06.27 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/06/pertinent-features-near-campbell.html http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/87 http://craterhunter.wordpress.com/the-planetary-scaring-of-the-younger-dryas-im \ act-event/california-melt/ It is easy in a few hours to locate pertinent features to the N, E, SE, and S of Campbell Mountain, studied by Dennis Cox, a few miles NE of his house in Fresno, CA. Maybe some of us can visit for a weekend and drive around, as many intriguing sites can be found by roads. "YD impact debris across more than 10% of the planet" -- nanodiamonds in Lake Cuitzeo, Mexico, James Kennett and 15 coworkers, from 12.9 Ka impact event -- link to free full text of PNAS report: Rich Murray 2012.03.06 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/03/yd-impact-debris-across-more-than-10-of.ht l http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/95 photo of typical air burst geoablation glaze on hard bedrock at top of Mount Helix park, E San Diego: Rich Murray 2012.03.15 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/03/redbrown-glaze-on-hard-crystalline.html http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/03/photo-of-typical-air-burst-geoablation.htm http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/98 Mount Helix public park with white cross and outdoor concrete theater from about 1925 -- excellent access via helical road with parking lot and portapotty, about 2.2 km SE of roads 8 and 125, with similar mounts 1.5 km further SE -- in fact, probably all the mountains for a very long ways have the same evidence -- so I'm just alerting the alert to some nice obvious low hanging fruit... Mount Helix is .419 km el, .250 km above road 125 at .169 km el about 1 km to W, so it is quite prominent, and has spectacular views. 32.766969 -116.983481 .415 km el. 1.5 m rock just to N of 1 m rock, both pink hard crystalline rock (granite?) with surface glaze a few mm thick that is redbrown and rough (like the surface of a brick) -- a white ballpoint pen provides the scale -- entirely typical of uneroded glazes on broken and rounded tumbled rocks and blocks at altitudes that preclude water erosion, suggesting the possibility of early Holocene surface melting and glazing by a very hot high pressure and density gas jet from an air burst, as simulated at Sandia Labs in recent years by Mark Boslough -- the first of 17 photos I took in my first visit to the site from 3 to 4 pm, Tuesday, March 13, 2012 -- I collected a few pounds of samples, to donate to anyone who can properly study the melts and glazes. HTC Incredible 3G phone 7 Mpx cam, 1.491 MB jpg, 3264X1952 px, clear blue sky, 3 pm, 4 hours before sunset. Google Earth view is 2010.08.23, about 10 AM. Mt. Helix Park Foundation 4901 Mt. Helix Drive La Mesa, CA 91941 Tracey Stotz 619-741-4363 TStotz@MtHelixPark.org binannual newsletter, From the Top total 2011 income $ 140,522 10 m broken rock hill with black glazes, W of Rancho Alegre Road, S of Coyote Trail, W of Hwy 14, S of Santa Fe, New Mexico, tour of 50 photos 1 MB size each via DropBox: Rich Murray 2011.07.28 2011.08.03 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/10-m-broken-rock-hill-with-black-glazes.ht l http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/35479730-106085926-1865-km-el-top-10-m.htm photos 3-5 of 50 http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/92 Rich Murray, MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology, BS MIT 1964 history and physics, 254-A Donax Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 91932 rmforall@gmail.com 505-819-7388 cell 619-623-3468 home Skype audio, video rich.murray11 http://RMForAll.blogspot.com primary archive http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/messages http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages group with 117 members, 1,641 posts in a public archive