http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ mirrored file For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== Logo Cosmology Quest Comets are not made out of water and ice; they are made out of rock. They discharge a plasma coma due to the rapidly changing electrical field they are moving through. Since they spend most of their time in the outer solar system, they acquire a charge relative to that environment. As it approaches the Sun’s electrical field, it has to equalize its charge rapidly which causes the discharging we see as comet tails. The deep impact mission, which sent a probe out to impact comet Tempel 1, found the following: 1. The copper impactor generated such an energetic explosion that the primary mission sensors were swamped and the primary mission of photographing the crater was unable to be carried out. (Such a flash would be expected with a metal object approaching a highly charged object) *"We didn't expect the success of one part of the mission (bright dust cloud) to affect a second part (seeing the resultant crater). But that is part of the fun of science, to meet with the unexpected. "* 2. The impact generated finely divided dust , something that should be impossible due to sublimation. Dust particles must be in their pristine state. 3. Photographs of the surface showed sharp relief, a rocky appearance, and impact craters with no clearly defined ice, not a dirty half melted snowball. 4. 1400K degree plasma plumes with organics in the spectrum (that's some damn hot ice). 5. Massive changes in the spectrum compared to before and after impact (something completely unexpected from a melting snowball). 6. "Dust jets" (they are really plasma plumes) on the dark side of the comet. 7. *And then there is the fact that at best only 0.5% of the surface could be claimed to be ice .* - and even that's a stretch in my opinion. *"Since the visible images have a higher spatial resolution, we use those images to calculate the extent of ice on Tempel 1's surface. That turns out to be a small fraction of the surface, only 0.5%. "* *"What is significant is that the extent of this ice on Tempel 1's surface is not sufficient to produce the observed abundance of water and its by-products in the comet's coma. "* A few more quotes from the Deep Impact scientists commenting on the impact event data: *"Theories about the volatile layers (water ice) below the surface of short-period comets are going to have to be revised" * ** *"All we needed was a factor of three boost from the impact to get a definite detection," said Qi. "We didn't see that." * ** *"It's pretty clear that this event did not produce a gusher," said SWAS principal investigator Gary Melnick of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). "The more optimistic predictions for water output from the impact haven't materialized, at least not yet."* Some more : *"There's a lot of structure on the comet, which is a bit surprising," Richardson said. "That could mean there's some strength to the comet."* Here is a picture of the actual impact. I want you to keep in mind that the 850 lbs copper impactor that is striking the comet is basically an invisible spec in these images. It's so tiny against the huge comet that you can't even see it. As one scientist put it, "Its like a mosquito hitting a 747." The nucleus is estimated to be about 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) across and 7 (4.3 miles) kilometers tall. The detonation of the impactor is tremendous. Far greater than any model predicted (well not exactly... the electric model predicted it correctly). The impact event actually created a double flash . Two explosions took place; again, something correctly */PREDICTED/* by the electric comet theorists. In fact all of the above observations were correctly */PREDICTED /* by electric comet theorists. The double flash was created by an electrical discharge between the copper impactor and the comet, then the impact itself produced a flash. NASA/UM M. F. A'Hearn et al., /Science/ 310, 258 (2005) Other comets have also displayed intense brightening at distances too far from the sun to be attributed to melting and a host of other phenomina not explainable by sublimation such as xray emission and filamented tails . Here's a perfect example of filamentation that is completely unexplainable in the standard model. Comet C/2007 N3 Lulin (negative luminance) - J. Brimacombe Spectral images of other comet nucleui have turned up no evidence of any water ice at all . *"Past efforts with the near-IR spectrometer on Deep Space 1 mission flying past comet Borrelly and from the ground of comets far from the sun and not enshrouded with coma, have yielded no evidence of water ice on their surface."* An article in New Scientist further calls the "melting snowball" theory into question: /A space telescope that usually studies the most powerful explosions in the universe has set its sights on an approaching comet. Its observations at ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths should help reveal the comet's composition and 3D structure./ X-ray emissions? That's quite the snowball. I didn't know melting ice was capable of producing x-ray emissions violent enough to be studied by x-ray telescopes. I guess we can stop going to hospitals for x-rays and just pick up some ice from the local gas station now. An image of comet Lulin in the x-ray spectrum: (Image: NASA/Swift/U of Leicester/DSS/STScI/ AURUA/Bodewits et al.) In fact every single piece of evidence ever found pertaining to comets goes against the dirty snowball theory. I could probably rattle off about 20 or 30 observational findings refuting the dirty snowball theory. Wal Thornhill and Dave Talbot gave a reviewed presentation at the IEEE ICOPS on the subject of electric comets which can be found here: The Electric Comet Thorhill, Talbot, Poster Presentation, IEEE 33rd ICOPS, Traverse City Michigan, June 4-8 2006 Oh, I almost forgot. Comet brightness is linked to sunspots. Yet another electrical connection between comets and the Sun's electrical field. Again, totaly unexplained in the standard dirty snowball model. M. J. Bosler, "Sur les variations d'éclat de la comète d'Encke et la période des taches solaires"(1909) Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, 1909 (T. 148). Chart: page 1740 *Top curve, dotted:* Comet brightness *Bottom curve, solid*: Number of sunspots. But since seeing is believing; here’s some photographs of asteroids and comets. Guess which one is which. image credits to NASA Hey but I'm not done! Check out the predictions made about the deep impact missions here: http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2005/arch05/050704predictions.htm Then let your jaw hit the floor when you realize a bunch of electrical engineers nailed it. How about some more articles on the stupendous effects of comets from the Thunderbolts team: Another “Deep Impact” Surprise Cometary Knots Comet Holmes 17P Startles Astronomers Comet Neat and CME's Comet X-rays Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 Disintegrates Comet Schwassman-Wachmann 3 Disintegrates (2) Comets, Gravity, and Electricity Comet McNaught Modulates the Solar Wind Comets: The Loose Thread "D-day" for Comet Theory Deep Impact Deep Impact—First Impressions Deep Impact and Shoemaker-Levy 9 Deep Impact—The Smoking Guns? Deep Impact—Where’s the Water? (1) Deep Impact—Where’s the Water? (2) Deep Impact—Where’s the Water? (3) Electric Comet Electric Comets and the "Domino Effect" Fantastic Phobos Interim Report on Deep Impact Mountains of Creation Create a Comet Paradigm Lockout, Paradigm Paralysis? Predictions on “Deep Impact” Reconsidering Comet Wild 2 “Stardust” Shatters Comet Theory Stardust Shatters Comet Theory (2) Stardust Shatters Comet Theory (3) The Chicago Fire (2) The Chicago Fire (3) The Comet and the Chicago Fire (1) The Comet and the Future of Science The Explosive Demise of Comet Linear The Jets of Comet Wild 2 The Jets of Hale-Bopp The Meaning of Deep Impact The Missing Water of Comet Tempel 1 What's in a Comet's Tail? When Asteroids Become Comets When Comets Break Apart How about some more published articles on the subject of electric comets: Tail structure farr from the head of Comet Kohoutek. I Icarus Volume 23, Issue 4, December 1974, Pages 601-610 The generation of magnetic fields and electric currents in cometary plasma tails Icarus Volume 29, Issue 1, September 1976, Pages 147-151 Possible Mechanism of Cometary Outbursts Minor Bodies in the Outer Solar System: Proceedings of the ESO Workshop Held at Garching, Germany, 2-5 November 1998, ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA. ISBN 3-540-41152-6. Edited by A. Fitzsimmons, D. Jewitt, and R.M. West. Springer-Verlag, 2000, p. 177 On the theory of comet tails Alfven, H., (1957) Tellus, 9, 92 I also know where Earth's water came from, but that's another story. It sure as heck didn't come from comets.