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Room 4
Human Prehistory: An Exhibition

*THE FIRST HUMAN CREATIONS*

Deer from Lascaux

The caves at Lascaux in France were discovered accidentally in 1940. The
paintings in those caves are regarded as the most outstanding of all
known prehistoric art.
The Lascaux caverns had served as subterranean water channels, a few
hundred to some 4,000 feet long. Far inside these caverns the
hunter-artists engraved and painted on the walls pictures of animals
such as mammoth, bison, reindeer, horse. For light, they used tiny stone
lamps filled with marrow or fat, with a wick, perhaps, of moss. For
drawing, they used chunks of red and yellow ocher; for painting, they
ground these same ochers into powders that they blew onto the walls or
mixed with some medium, such as animal fat, before applying. A large
flat bone served as a palette; they could make brushes from reeds or
bristles; they could use a blowpipe of reeds to trace outlines of
figures and to put pigments on out-of-reach surfaces; and they had stone
scrapers for smoothing the wall and sharp flint points for engraving.
[Source: Horst de la Croix et al. eds /Gardner's Art through the Ages/,
9th ed. (Fort Worth: HBJ, 1991, pp. 28-29]

Horse from Lascaux

The first humans were also skilled in producing clay sculpture such as
the bisons from Tuc d' Audoubert in France. The two bisons are made of
unbaked clay and measure each about 60 cm in length. They have been
dated between 13.000 and 8.000 BC.

They also made figurines of fertility that we call them "aphrodites".
The Aphrodite of Laussel, one of the earliest reliefs, measures 44 cm in
height and can be seen now at the museum of Bordeaux in France. The
Aphrodite of Willendorf, now in Vienna, has been dated between 28,000
and 25,000 BC is made of limestone and measures about 11 cm in height.
In both figurines the anatomical elements have been exaggerated showing
that they were probably used as fertility fetishes.

Aphrodite of Laussel	Aphrodite of Willendorf

/D. I. Loizos, 1996-2003/