http://SaturnianCosmology.Org/ mirrored file For complete access to all the files of this collection see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php ========================================================== New England Antiquities Research Association Carnac, Stones for the Living: A Megalithic Seismograph? * by Roslyn Strong* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ *This article was previously published in the NEARA Journal , Volume XXXV, Number 2, Winter 2001 * Translation (Abstract) and Commentary * (click pictures to enlarge)* */CARNAC:/ /Des //Pierres Pour Les Vivants /by Pierre Mereaux, Kerwangwenn - 29540 Spezet, Bretagne, Nature & Bretagne (1992 edition), 244 pages.* This incredible book was sent to me some years ago by Patrick Ferryn who is an enthusiast of Mereaux?s work. I immediately felt that someone needed to make his original research available in English because it is meaningful to everyone interested in megalithic construction and cultures worldwide. I read French slowly and could not dream of translating the whole book even though his writing style is simple and direct. I had the good fortune to meet Mereaux in Brussels in 1994 and he graciously corrected my translation and encouraged my efforts. Unfortunately, he died a few years ago. Pierre Mereaux was by training an engineer specializing in thermodynamics, but for thirty years he spent his vacations in a painstaking study of the megaliths in the Carnac region, and his preface explains his passion. ?I am not a graduate archaeologist; I am but an amateur?from the Latin /amator/, he who loves, and, if I am passionate about prehistory and especially the megalithic /epoque,/ it is perhaps by the pure spirit of research.? *Above Photo: The Alignments of Kermario in Carnac, Brittany /(Post Card)/* Why is this book so important? Mostly because Mereaux asks many of the same questions that we have been asking about our enigmatic American stonework, but he_ _ looks at these questions in a very original way and in great detail. Why were these monumental structures built? Why in a particular location? What purpose could have been worth the tremendous effort? He examines the geology, the fault lines, the effect of granite and quartz, seismic activity, magnetic and gravitational anomalies, as well as the local myths and ancient names. I feel strongly that if NEARA researchers applied the insights provided by Mereaux to some of our sites, we might be on a new path to answering some of the questions we have been wrestling with for years. *Editors Note: *Terminology is very confusing for megalithic structures. A _dolmen_ usually means a simple manmade structure consisting of a few uprights and a large capstone, but in France they call almost any type of megalithic monument a dolmen, including what we generally call a chamber. The terms_ passage grave_ and _gallery grave_ are loosely used for a variety of chambers that in French are called /_allée couvert_/ (covered corridor) and refer to almost any rectangular corridor either with or without an enlarged ?chamber? at the rear with no implication of an earthen mound on top. /_Allée-coudee_/ simply means ?bent? corridor. _Cromlech_ refers to a stone circle. Chapter I /*Les Morts et L'Astronomie */ * (Astronomy of the Dead)* Pierre Mereaux expresses amazement that people who lived in simple dwellings exerted such a huge effort in their stonework in the same places, for thousands of years. He asks why? /Dolmens pour les Morts /by Roger Joussaume appeared in 1985 (published in English as /Dolmens for the Dead/). Mereaux never accepted the cult of death as the primary reason for these constructions. Others felt the same way?Giot for example. Pierre-Roland Giot is a Breton archaeologist with an international reputation. Were there other purposes such as astronomical alignments? There seemed to be no reason to erect thousands of stones to verify certain risings or settings of the sun or moon. It would have been much simpler for the builders to plant wooden poles. Professor Thom and others worked in Brittany during the 1960s, and tried to make their theory of astronomical alignments fit, but the sites appear to be more elaborate than needed. Mereaux lists over 1200 menhirs, in alignments that Thom neglected to study, which did not fit his theory. *Above Map: Locus Map of the Gulf of Morbihan on the South Coast of Brittany.* More questions follow: why quarry the stones at a distance when there were plenty nearby? The type of stone for a specific spot seemed important (a different type of granite?). What was the purpose? Religious use? Perhaps. Temples? What religion? Giot also remarks that calling everything religious often hides one?s ignorance. Mereaux frowns on those who find idols everywhere. Although they seem not to have been built as tombs, they were sometimes rediscovered later and used as tombs by people who were ignorant of their original purpose. Mereaux will never be convinced that a cult of the dead was a primary element in the lives of these people . Chapter II /*L'Énigme des Petites Pierres */ * (The Enigma of the Small Stones)* In this chapter the author considers the ornamentation of the dolmens and menhirs, and concludes that they have nothing to do with ?art.? The designs, however, would be legible to a certain elite, with other meanings that he feels he has discovered. The designs were not left to workmen; there had to be a foreman; there must have been ?models? as an example for the /graveurs /(carvers) to follow. These would need to be easily transportable. If on skin, they would have been perishable. We do find some curious small stones, sometimes within, sometimes outside the dolmens. Some are found near the quarry, and some show polish before engraving. The ten stones shown *(figure 1)* weigh 5, 23, 46, 59, 94, 95, 119, 133, 282, 361 kilos, too small to be part of the monuments. Among these ten are found practically all the motifs of the engravings of the 44 dolmens of the region with rare exceptions. Four of the six /allée couvertes /(covered corridors)?which will be discussed later?have another astonishing characteristic, for which these small stones must have been the models. * Above Figure 1: Engraved "Model Stones" / (Mereaux p.22)/* Chapter III /*Une Histoire de Table, de Balance, et de Mesure */ * (A History of Slab, of Balance, and of Measure)* Here the names given to dolmens are investigated. These names never have any reference to a cult of the dead or death. In popular usage of the past, dolmens are home to /korrigans, kornandons, poulpiquets /(dwarfs, elves, fairies, sorcerers) or sometimes the devil. Almost all names relate to magic of a certain type. Was it because it was a sacred place or a dangerous one to those who were ignorant? Investigating traces of the ancient language can be a help in answering this question. * Above Photos: Interior of Mané Rutual, Interior of Table de Marchands, Interior of Mané Lud /(Strong)/* Conventional wisdom has it that the terms dolmen, menhir, cromlech were totally unknown in ancient Breton. Mereaux disagrees, citing a 1464 dictionary (the oldest known). In this dictionary MEN = /pierre /(stone), TAUL = /table/; stone table would be pronounced mentaul or moentaul. He gives a reference to a glossary of old Breton by Joseph Loth, published 1884, reprinted 1970. In this source MENTAUL = balance. In a Gallic manuscript of the eighth century, Montol = balance. In modern Breton, TAOL means not only table, but also a knock, a stroke. MENT also relates to grandeur, quantity, measure of some sort. In a 1921 book /Les Indo-Europeens/ by Albert Carnoy, this definition is given: ?The moon-MEN seemed to be called /la mesureuse,/ the measurer, because it served to count the months? (latin, /menses/). The Indo-European root MEN implies the idea of thinking? memory?souvenir. Pelletier (/Dictionnaire de la langue/ /Bretonne,/ 1752) translates MENEC as /souvenir/, memory, and is reflected in the name of the two alignments at Carnac and Trinite-sur-Mer. A complete translation would delight linguists, but Mereaux claims no expertise. Note that the huge monuments of Minorca, one pillar with one horizontal stone, are called Taula, which means table in Catalan and in Sanscrit. /Balance/ is Tula, which is the name of the constellation of the /balance/ (scales) in the ancient Indian solar zodiac. The Sanscrit a/kmen/ implies the idea of stone, point, anvil, weapon or hammer, and all these terms have in common the idea of hitting (/frapper/), to give blows with the end of a pointed stone or perhaps on a pointed stone. The tables of the dolmens are ?in balance? and they can oscillate, but on points, and evidently under the influence of an exterior force. The idea of measure concerns the amplitude of these oscillations or, to be more precise, of these vibrations. The /coup de foudre/ (thunderbolt) or /fendence de terre/ (splitting of the earth) touches on the /seismes /(earth tremors) that cause these same vibrations and also a certain form of electricity as much telluric as atmospheric. The term MEN in its double sense of stone and memory could signify that certain stones were destined to perpetuate, not the /souvenir/ (memory) of a person or an event, but the knowledge of something in conjunction with natural phenomena that are purely physical and above all geologic. Chapter IV */La Danse Sur Pointes des Tables à Trois Pattes/* * (The Tables with Three Feet Dance on Points)* Near the town of Locmariaquer, there are three remarkable dolmens: Table des Marchands, Mané-Lud and Mané-Rutual. They have three features in common: The /tables/ (roof slabs) that cover the chambers are abnormally large, the most massive of the region. All three have been broken. All are granite and have the following dimensions and weight: * Table des Marchands: * * * 18 cubic metres 49 tons *Mané-Lud: * 20 cubic metres 53 tons *Mané-Rutual: * 27 cubic metres 72.5tons These three have been broken. The engravings (carvings) on the underside are called /hache charrue/ (plowshare), /crosses/ (croziers, or crooks), and /idoles/. In *Figure 2* the dots indicate the precise spot where the slab rested on the vertical supports. The question is why these enormous covering stones were placed on three sharp points on a very small surface with an excessively large overhang,. The large overhang put the capstone at the limit of its stability. The slightest shock would put it in vibration. The weight of six men jumping on the extremity of the overhang would have been sufficient to break it. He has convincing figures dealing with weight and size?the differences between the overhanging or broken pieces are between 323 - 378 kilos?they are so similar they must be deliberate. He notes rocking stones in Brittany, Scotland, Ireland with Celtic and Druid connections. * Above Figure 2: Top View Capstones of three Major Dolmens with their Volume and Weight. /(Mereaux p.38)/* Chapter V */Un Escalier Branlant/* * (A Tottering (or rocking) Staircase)* Since the 1981publication of his earlier book, /Carnac, une porte vers l?inconnu/, (A door to the unknown) Mereaux has continued research and made new, more precise discoveries. This chapter presents new theories derived from his methodical studies. He spent a great deal of time on a careful study of large scale topographical and geologic maps. The southern Morbihan region resembles a vast stairway that descends in terraces towards the Atlantic *(Figure 3)*. There are two series of geologic faults that run NW?SE with a large quartz vein between them. There are also numerous small fractures running NE?SW with a small quartz vein. The earth?s crust here is thin and unstable. Note the two separate zones and the center area with no megaliths. With a few minor exceptions, there is no trace of megaliths for 300 sq. kilometers. The author wondered if the megaliths of the northern zone were older than those of the south. Carbon dating gives dates ranging from 4410 BC - 3360 BC in the north and 3775 - 3497 BC in the south?not a great difference. So why this ?hole?? There was no lack of stone. He thinks this may be due to the enormous concentrations, in depth and on the surface, of schist, gneiss and granite that modify the local magnetic field. The same effect has been noticed all over the globe and has been measured by the American satellite MAGSAT launched in 1979, but he thinks there are other reasons. * Above Figure 3: The Faults and Epicenter Showing Zones with and without Concentrations of Megaliths * /* (Mereaux, p.47)*/ More than 90% of the dolmens in the two zones have their corridors oriented to the SE, between 101 and 131 degrees (average 116) *(Figure 4)*. Most contemporary authors see a relationship to the sunrise. But the faults are also oriented 103 - 130 degrees (average 117). Is this accidental or is there another reason? All Breton geologists know that the southern part of their province is the region in France most shaken by seismic activity and always has been. A medieval manuscript says that in 1236 the earth shook in the country of the Venetes causing great damage. Since the beginning of this century, 30 or more earthquakes (/seismes/) have shaken the area, 13 of intensity IV on the Mercalli Scale (4-4.9 on the Richter Scale). The one of January 9, 1930 was an intensity VII (6-6.9 Richter) causing a lot of damage. Eight principal epicenters are found in the immediate proximity of a fault. *(figure 3)* Three are in the north zone, four are in the south zone, and in the central zone?no megaliths?no quakes! It must be the reason, Mereaux notes, that we find so few megaliths. A look at the map shows that five of the epicenters are practically situated on the same line oriented to 52 degrees NE. Also, the depths of the quakes are between 3K and 23 K (10K average) which is not very deep. Since 1954, 60,000 quakes surveyed worldwide have a depth of more than 70K. These Breton quakes, so near the surface, are no doubt susceptible to influences, if not provoked or caused, by exterior forces! * Above Figure 4: Chart Comparing the Orientation of the Dolmens with the Orientation of the Fault Lines * /* (Mereaux, p.49)*/ Looking at the calendar, we discover that the quakes all occurred between 9/21 and the following 3/28, between equinoxes. About half were between 9/21 and 12/21?the other half from 12/21 to 3/21. Many events less than intensity III are not felt. Geologists and seismologists offer no explanation. After estimating the volume of water rushing into the Gulf of Morbihan, studying tide tables, etc., Mereaux suspected that it could be the volume and weight of the total water penetrating the gulf, and the height differential that were factors in causing seismic events. The average difference is 4.63 metres during the equinoxes of March/April and 3.70 metres for those of the solstice in June/July. In March, 400,000,000 tons of water rush in; in June, only 190,000,000 tons. In 6000 BC the sea level was lower by several metres, gradually rising, with important variations about 1400, 700 and 200 BC. About the sixth century AD, the sea was probably 3 - 4 metres higher?it regressed to 1905 and rose 14 cm a year until 1959. *Above Picture: Grand Menhir Brisé /(Strong)/* Mereaux made a huge chart for every day of the year and noted: 1. dates of every earthquake in the Morbihan for the last 80 years, 2. The course of the sun, 3. The visible phases of the moon, 4. The cycle of the moon from perigee to perigee, and 5. The height of the high tides. The numerous earthquakes of the gulf are caused and facilitated by the following: 1. The thinness of the earth?s crust at the spot and the faults that furrow the region. 2. The conjunction of the sun and moon during full and new moons, as the attraction deforms the surface of the globe and generates the tides, both of the earth as well as the ocean. This phenomenon is also amplified if the moon and sun are simultaneously at their nearest to the earth. 3. The enormous volume of water that invades the gulf in a short period of time. Some geologists and seismologists do not agree. But this phenomenon has been confirmed by the effects of the water filling behind new large dams in Europe and elsewhere. Dams built in areas that never had an earthquake, began, within 3 or 4 years following the flooding, to experience frequent quakes registering as much as IV or more. In France, there are 3 cases in Isere, the Jura and Corsica, with other examples from Italy, China, Greece, Rhodesia, and the Indies. The Gulf of Morbihan with a mouth of only 700 metres and its 135 sq km at high tide, is comparable to a dam. He cites three sources (two in English) of confirmation, for example the /Bulletin of the Seismical Society of America,/ 1972, no. 62 ?Common features of the reservoir-associated seismic activities,? and also the UNESCO bulletin of December 1973. One characteristic of quakes is interesting?a movement along a fault provokes horizontal vibrations, that sometimes, if violent, cause surface destruction. Note that some have reported that tombstones, columns etc. generally fall in the direction of the epicenter. However, sometimes (as in Los Angeles 1933), they fall in two directions?forming a right angle. And Mereaux continues: ?The direction most frequently noted is perpendicular to the epicenter. In this case it is the transversal waves and not the longitudinal ones that produce the greatest damage? As the quakes are set off by a sliding, a shearing along a fault, they also emit shearing waves where the vibrations are in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the wave, as in electromagnetic waves. The shearing waves, like electromagnetic waves, are sometimes polarized: The vibrations then operate only in one direction, but always perpendicular to the direction of propagation.? *(Figure 5)* * Above Figure 5: The Geology of the Locmariaquer Peninsula /(Mereaux, p.59)/* The assumption that quakes were generated by the movement of the faults explains why 90% of the dolmens (and their corridors) of the south Morbihan are oriented in the same direction as the faults. Consequently, their roof slabs are parallel, with only a slight difference, to the directions of the epicenters, which are all located on faults. In the eight epicenters of the region, five are oriented in the same direction, 52.4 degrees E on average, which supposes the existence of an enormous, deep, transversal fault. By extending this line to the SW, we arrive at the location of the Grand Menhir Brisé and the Table des Marchands. In * Figure 5*, note the faults at 324 degrees, which is practically perpendicular to the five epicenters. The difference is 88.4 degrees, nearly a right angle. The line of four dolmens at 334 E is slightly shifted in relation to this fault, but it is also on a fault, partly hidden, which rejoins the first to the North. ?We can affirm that the place where our four dolmens are placed must have been shaken in a remarkable manner during most all of the quakes of the region and that the heavy tables of these monuments with their dizzying overhangs must have devilishly balanced on their three feet, at the slightest shock. As an earthquake observation station, we could not do better today.? (p.60) Chapter VI /*Un Calendrier Sismique?*/ * (A Seismic Calendar?)* All those interested in the Breton megalithic monuments, writes Mereaux, inevitably speak of their orientation, which in their view, can only be astronomical. This is based on the direction of the /couloir /(passage, corridor), but no one looks at the orientation of certain /dalles de couverture/ (covering slabs) and also certain uprights. The axis of the Table des Marchands is oriented to exactly 324 degrees, in the same direction as the fault, which is only 175 metres away. It would vibrate more in its length and in the direction of the overhang, during an earthquake. The orientation of Mané-Lud and Mané-Rutual toward specific equinoxes (spring & fall) and winter solstice, could have served as a provisional solar calendar to determine the beginning, middle and end of the quake cycle. The astronomical orientation is but one element in the chambers? function. * Photo Left: Composite Model of the Three Capstones from Table des Marchands, and Gavrines (/Carnac Museum)/* The roof slabs of these three dolmens *(Figure 2)* are broken, whether by man or an earthquake more violent than others. The faces of the ruptures do not appear to be intentional. The break is /ras de /(flush) with certain pointed uprights, resulting in the slabs being pounded during an earthquake. The piece of the Table des Marchands transported to Gavrinis poses a problem. Mereaux could not find an example of intentional debitage. The moon is important. The Table des Marchands is famous for its /dalle de chevet// / (headstone) which for many past authors represented ripe ears of grain, bent under the sun. This ogival shape was also the symbol of the Mother Goddess, dear to certain /?idolemaniacs,?/ who find religion in every stone! Some say it is an equinoctial and solsticial calendar. *(Figures 6a & 6b)* Note that the lower four sections of ?crooks? add up to 28.5-31 (the small marks on the left and right of each row count as one half.) and the top section is 9. The author includes complex calculations featuring the importance of nine in relation to the minimum and maximum declinations of sunrise and sunset at the equinox and solstice. All of these calculations are only for the area of Locmariaquer and Carnac, between 47-48 degrees N latitude. Mereaux concludes ?There thus exists in this system, a second key which permits us to determine the moment when the full moon and its perigee coincide, which was an earthquake predictor.? * Photo Right: Dalle de Chevet or Headstone (entry Ticket)* He has examined the mold of the headstone of the Table des Marchands in the museum of Carnac carefully and found some eroded engravings with possible meanings. He also detected carvings on the back which have possible solar and lunar themes. He notes a /cupule/ in the top surface, previously unreported, that also could have significance. * Above Figure 6a: The Dalle de Chevet (dotted lines show markings on the reverse side) /(Mereaux, p.65)/* * Above Figure 6b: Diagram Showing Number of "Crooks" /(Mereaux, p.67)/* The three dolmens were a veritable observation station to predict earthquakes. Mané-Lud and Mané-Rutual alerted to the beginning and end of the seismic period. The Table des Marchands provided a finer regulation. Mereaux emphasizes that he only writes about what he knows well. ?Over a 30 year period I have gone to the southern Morbihan at least 40 times, and I think that only now am I beginning to see a little more clearly and to understand certain things that were previously inconceivable. I now devote, for example, more than 10 days to the study of a single dolmen before arriving at a satisfactory explanation of the carvings on it?.To return to the question of whether the dolmens were with or without a tumulus, it is certain that the three dolmens never could have served as an observatory if they were buried in earth or stones at the time of their construction.? (p.76) Chapter VII */L'Ídolomanie Archéologique Ou Le Funeste Destin Des Idoles Dépecées/* * (Idolomaniac Archaeology or The Tragic Fate Of Dismembered Idols)* Mereaux disagrees with the position of Jean l?Helgouach, head of research at C.N.R.S. (National Center of Scientific Research) that the ?grand theme of the neolithic idols was in a form specific to the local population of the fifth millenium BC.? l?Helgouach proposes that the ?idols? were raised up, then pulled down and broken in pieces to be used for other dolmens. The Grand Menhir Brisé was broken in four pieces. The total length had been 20 metres, weighing approximately 347 tons. When we contemplate the scale of these four pieces, we have doubts. How can we think this destruction was due to deliberate human activity? There are no marks that could indicate purposeful cutting (and they would have to show). Mereaux believes that this destruction had to be caused by seismic activity, and he provides details to support this opinion. Chapter VIII */Un Pole Nord Qui Se Balade Et Des Étoiles Qui Se Promènent/* * (A North Pole That Wanders And Stars That Take A Walk)* We all have read claims that prehistoric people frequently recorded on the earth?s surface the constellations that were useful to /repérer/ (mark) the geographic North, and these authors draw conclusions about the astronomical knowledge of those people. This frequently concerns the /Grande Ourse/ (big bear or big dipper), but mostly the /Petite Ourse/ (little bear or little dipper) with its polar star, and they tell us that this constellation is often represented on the earth by menhirs or even carved on certain monuments constructed seven or eight thousand years ago, since it indicated North at that time. This is a stupid mistake, and is false! We are told that often during all the neolithic era the geographic North was /repéré /(located) on the star Alpha, also called Thuban in the constellation Draco. But this too, is not altogether true. We must remember that each hemisphere of the earth really has two poles, not just one. The first, the geographic pole defines the axis of rotation and is perpendicular to the plane of the equator. This axis is stable to within a few metres. The second pole of each hemisphere is perpendicular to the ecliptic. It actually makes a 23.45 degree angle to the plane of the equator in the earth?s revolution around the sun. But the geographic pole turns equally around the axis of the ecliptic, making the complete journey in about 25,800 years, known as the precession of the equinoxes. In addition, the obliquity of the plane of the ecliptic in relation to the plane of the equator has also varied slightly in the course of millennia by a bit more than 10 degrees every thousand years and the angle formed by these planes attained a value of 24.36 degrees about 5000 years ago, which is a difference of nearly 1 degree compared to the angle measured today. This means that the actual North Pole is thus displaced among the constellations and the polar star was not always polar. *Figure 7* helps to visualize this phenomenon. The curve indicates the trajectory of our North Pole in relation to the stars, going from 1990 back to the year 5332 BC. To be ?polar? at a given era, the star should be on or near this curve, because, viewed from the earth, it seemed to turn around the real North pole, at a certain distance, and indicating a different North at each time. *Above Figure 7: Apparent Displacement of the Celestial North Pole Among the Constellations /(Mereaux, p. 85)/* It is important to note that the star Thuban indicates North for only a few centuries before and after 2666 BC, but was not the polar star throughout the neolithic era. In the period around 4960 BC the star number 5635 north of the constellation Bouvier was positioned to be the polar star. This was also a period of megalith building, as evidenced by carbon dating. During this same time (circa 4960 BC) it was also possible to track lunar events, rising and setting and the major and minor extremes using only the four stars, (Vega, Arcturus, Procyon and Capella). This was possible only in the Carnac region (47.6 degrees), and Mereaux suggests that this may have been the astronomic base for establishing a system for megalithic construction. Chapter IX /*Un Chat Noir Énigmatique Qui Joue Au Geometre*/ * (An Enigmatic Black Cat Who Plays At Geometry)* The black cat refers to a small statue at the center of an ancient crossroad in an area known as /Chat Noir./ *(Figure* *8)* It came to Mereaux?s attention when it was vandalized in 1989 and a weird message painted on the roadway. Nearby is a small menhir, only three metres high, known as Men Milen, which can mean yellow stone, perhaps because of its lichen covering. He noticed three other stones with the same name that are on an alignment to the Grand Menhir Brisé. Note that crossroads have a universal symbolism in all traditions where we find market crosses, chapels, and shrines. * Above Photo: Entrance to the alleé Coudée Les Pierre Plats /(Strong)/* In drawing a circle of 1-1/2 km around Men Milen, we find 69 dolmens, intact, ruined or restored, almost three per sq. km, the highest density in the whole region. Pursuing ancient language, he found a relation of Milem to /trèfle /- / Trois Feuilles/ (three leaves). Could this relate to the three roads? He noted the angles of the roads that go to significant locations, some with possible linguistic connection. * Above Figure 8: Location of the Menhir Men Milen /(Mereaux, p.97)/* * Above Figure 9: Orientation of the "Bent-Corridor" Dolmens /(Mereaux, p.99)/* An ?/allée coudée/? is a special type of dolmen; the corridor changes direction and slightly enlarges to form a chamber, sometimes separated from the corridor by an upright. We know of only six in this area, the best known is Pierres Plates; the others are only rarely visited. They have two points in common: they are ?bent? and they have carvings that resemble each other. A third similarity will be explained later. The four, shown in *Figure 9* are listed: #5,6,7,8. This chapter contains a great deal of complex geometry and astronomy that relates to many coincidences, especially as he stresses the importance of the number nine. After hours of reflection and examining all possible solutions, the author was not able to find the exact usage of all this geometry, but encourages others to continue. _* Click here for Section 2 of this Article *_ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Copyright © 2001 by Roslyn Strong* *New England Antiquities Research Association* *NEARA Home Page *