Phantom time hypothesis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Heribert Illig) Jump to: navigation, search The Phantom Time Hypothesis is a conspiracy theory developed by Heribert Illig (born 1947 in Vohenstrauß, Germany) in 1991. It proposes that there has been a systematic effort to make it appear that periods of history, specifically that of Europe during the Early Middle Ages (AD 614–911) exist, when they do not. Illig believed that this was achieved through the alteration, misrepresentation and forgery of documentary and physical evidence.[1] Contents [hide] 1 Bases of the hypothesis 2 Arguments against the hypothesis 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Debate on the issue 4.2 By Illig 5 Notes 6 External links [edit] Bases of the hypothesis This section may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (July 2011) The bases of Illig's hypothesis include: the scarcity of archaeological evidence that can be reliably dated to the period AD 614–911, on perceived inadequacies of radiometric and dendrochronological methods of dating this period, and on the over-reliance of medieval historians on written sources. the presence of Romanesque architecture tenth century in Western Europe. This is taken as evidence that less than half a millennium could have passed since the fall of the Roman Empire, and concludes that the entire Carolingian period, including the person of Charlemagne, is a forgery of medieval chroniclers, more precisely a conspiracy instigated by Otto III and Gerbert d'Aurillac. the relation between the Julian calendar, Gregorian calendar and the underlying astronomical solar or tropical year. The Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar, was long known to introduce a discrepancy from the tropical year of around one day, for each century that the calendar was in use. By the time the Gregorian calendar was introduced in AD 1582, Illig alleges that the old Julian calendar "should" have produced a discrepancy of thirteen days between it and the real (or tropical) calendar. Instead, the astronomers and mathematicians working for Pope Gregory had found that the civil calendar needed to be adjusted by only ten days. From this, Illig concludes that the AD era had counted roughly three centuries which never existed.[2] [edit] Arguments against the hypothesis There are several dating methods which contradict the theory. Observations in ancient astronomy agree with current observations with no 'phantom time' added; the end of the Greco-Persian Wars was marked by two solar eclipses within a year and a half; the only possible dates are 2 October 480 BC and 14 February 478 BC.[3] sightings of Halley's Comet. [4] Dating methods such as dendrochronology refute, rather than support, phantom time. Regarding the Gregorian reform: It was never intended to bring the calendar in line with the Julian calendar as it had existed in AD 1, but as it had existed in 325,[citation needed] the time of the Council of Nicaea, which had established a method for determining the date of Easter Sunday by fixing the Vernal Equinox on March 20 in the Julian calendar. By 1582, the astronomical equinox was occurring on March 10 in the Julian calendar, but Easter was still being calculated from a nominal equinox on March 20. The Gregorian reform was never intended or purported to restore the relationship between calendar date and astronomical equinox to what it had been at the time of the institution of the Julian calendar in 45 BC, 369 years before the council of Nicaea, when the astronomical vernal equinox took place around March 23. Illig's "three missing centuries" thus correspond to the period between the fixing of Anno Domini reckoning to begin at AD 1 and the fixing of the Easter Date at the Council of Nicaea in AD 325. [edit] See also New Chronology (Fomenko) [edit] References [edit] Debate on the issue Illig, Heribert: Enthält das frühe Mittelalter erfundene Zeit? and subsequent discussion, in: Ethik und Sozialwissenschaften 8 (1997), pp. 481–520. Schieffer, Rudolf: Ein Mittelalter ohne Karl den Großen, oder: Die Antworten sind jetzt einfach, in: Geschichte in Wissenschaft und Unterricht 48 (1997), pp. 611–617. Matthiesen, Stephan: Erfundenes Mittelalter - fruchtlose These!, in: Skeptiker 2 (2002). [edit] By Illig Egon Friedell und Immanuel Velikovsky. Vom Weltbild zweier Außenseiter, Basel 1985. Die veraltete Vorzeit, Heribert Illig, Eichborn, 1988 with Gunnar Heinsohn: Wann lebten die Pharaonen?, Mantis, 1990, revised 2003 ISBN 3-928852-26-4 Karl der Fiktive, genannt Karl der Große, 1992 Hat Karl der Große je gelebt? Bauten, Funde und Schriften im Widerstreit, 1994 Hat Karl der Große je gelebt?, Heribert Illig, Mantis, 1996 Das erfundene Mittelalter. Die größte Zeitfälschung der Geschichte, Heribert Illig, Econ 1996, ISBN 3-430-14953-3 (revised ed. 1998) Das Friedell-Lesebuch, Heribert Illig, C.H. Beck 1998, ISBN 3-406-32415-0 Heribert Illig, with Franz Löhner: Der Bau der Cheopspyramide, Mantis 1998, ISBN 3-928852-17-5 Wer hat an der Uhr gedreht?, Heribert Illig, Ullstein 2003, ISBN 3-548-36476-4 Heribert Illig, with Gerhard Anwander: Bayern in der Phantomzeit. Archäologie widerlegt Urkunden des frühen Mittelalters., Mantis 2002, ISBN 3-928852-21-3 [edit] Notes ^ Fomenko, Anatoly (2007). History: Chronology 1: Second Edition. Mithec. ISBN 2913621074. ^ Illig, Heribert (2000). Wer hat an der Uhr gedreht?. Econ Verlag. ^ W.T. Lynn (October 1890), "The Eclipse of Xerxes", The Observatory 13 (167): 327–328, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1890Obs....13..327L ^ Dutch, Stephen. "Is a Chunk of History Missing?". http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/PSEUDOSC/Phantom%20Time.HTM. Retrieved 14 May 2011. [edit] External links Explanation of the "phantom time hypothesis" in English (pdf) Critique of Illig's hypothesis in English A condensed description of the "phantom time hypothesis" [show] v t e Chronology Main articles Time · Astronomy · Geology · Paleontology · Archaeology · History Eras and epochs Calendar eras Human Era · Ab urbe condita · Anno Domini (Common Era) · Anno Mundi · Byzantine era · Spanish era · Before Present · Hijri · Egyptian · Sothic cycle · Hindu units of measurement · Hindu Yugas Regnal year Canon of Kings · Lists of kings · Limmu · Seleucid era Era names Chinese · Japanese · Korean · Vietnamese Calendars (Pre-)Julian Pre-Julian Roman · Original Julian · Proleptic Julian · Revised Julian Gregorian Gregorian · Proleptic Gregorian · Old Style and New Style dates Astronomical Lunisolar · Solar · Lunar · Astronomical year numbering Others Iranian · Islamic · Chinese sexagenary cycle · ISO week date Astronomic time Chronology Portal Cosmic Calendar · Ephemeris · Galactic year · Metonic cycle · Milankovitch cycles Geologic time Concepts Deep time · Geological history of Earth · Geological time units Standards Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) · Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) Methods Chronostratigraphy · Geochronology · Isotope geochemistry · Law of superposition · Optical dating · Samarium-neodymium dating Archaeological methods Absolute dating Incremental dating · Archaeomagnetic dating · Dendrochronology · Glottochronology · Ice core · Lichenometry · Paleomagnetism · Radiocarbon dating · Radiometric dating · Tephrochronology · Thermoluminescence dating · Uranium-lead dating Relative dating Seriation · Stratification · Fluorine absorption dating Genetic methods Amino acid dating · Molecular clock Related topics Chronicle · New Chronology · Periodization · Synchronoptic view · Timeline · Year zero · Circa · Floruit · ASPRO chronology Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phantom_time_hypothesis&oldid=481559679" Categories: Pseudoarchaeology Pseudohistory Chronology Hypotheses Conspiracy theories 1991 introductions Hidden categories: Articles that may contain original research from July 2011 All articles that may contain original research All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012 Personal tools Log in / create account Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit Actions View history Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Deutsch Eesti Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands Suomi Svenska This page was last modified on 12 March 2012 at 19:23. 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