Recovering the Lost World,
A Saturnian Cosmology -- Jno Cook
What this site is about.


[Table of Contents]

A really short [introduction] here.

For Claudia George, who said,
"Write a history of everything."

$Revision: 21.71 $
Contents of this chapter: [A Reconstruction] [A Synopsis] [Contents and Resources] [Who I am] [Why this Text is Presented] [What Others Say] [New Findings] [Change Log] [Endnotes]

".. a large planet stood above the North Pole
for a very long time."

That fact is certain; and that is what this site is about.

The planet Saturn moved on a wildly elliptical path around the Sun in the remote past, entering the Solar System at very long intervals. Some time in the last 6 to 3 million years, perhaps after passing close to Jupiter, Saturn was placed in a much closer orbit around the Sun, very near Earth. From about 5800 BC, Saturn captured and held the Earth in a sub-polar position until 3100 BC, when Earth broke away.

"The evidence of myth which points to Saturn having once occupied a position above Earth's north polar regions is voluminous. There is not a race on Earth that has not preserved at least one account which states as much. According to this evidence, Saturn occupied a central position in the north celestial regions."

"It rotated, and rotated widely; but, other than that, it was immovable. It did not rise, it did not set. It merely became brighter and more glorious each night as the Sun set. This state of affairs seems to have lasted for ages. It is the one single dictum of the ancients from which all other beliefs are derived."

-- Dwardu Cardona (1982)

What is most important about all this is the cultural and psychological reaction of the people of Earth to these events. The last 1000 years of this period (4200 BC to 3100 BC) was remembered as the "Age of the Gods" and subsequent human history has been a singular effort to regain the Paradise of that time. This period was followed by a series of adjustments in planetary orbits, many of which also had significant effects on Earth and on human history.

Humans changed after Paradise closed -- not just the rapid changes to what we would call civilization, but also the gradual achievement of a subjective consciousness. The response to this event determined how we became fully human. To say it would have happened anyway does not hold up. There could have been any number of other outcomes.

A Reconstruction

This site is a collation of the efforts of many other people to recoup the past -- and a restatement of that work. Most of the information has been published previously. In an attempt to put it all together, I am providing a narrative text of their findings and adding what I feel is missing: a chronology, some mechanics, and an extrapolation of events not recognized by some researchers. I collected available material and put it in order, and, when it no longer made sense, started writing. Sometimes writing corrected defects in the 'theory,' sometimes I had flashes of insight, sometimes I never found a solution.

I did not include sources for most of the information in this text since all I am doing is remapping areas already explored by others and all of it is readily available, although scattered over many sites and books.

I should warn that the subject matter here is not any sort of accepted science narrative. It is a cosmology based on a set of reasonable starting postulates. The postulates, like those of any cosmology, are untestable. However the established theories of physics can be applied to these and this results in an amazing concordance of information in agreement with the initial postulates, historical recollections, and observable facts. It is this which confers validity on the explication pursued here. It suggests sensible answers to questions about the history of mankind, the Earth, the Solar System, and the Universe which remain completely unanswered by the traditional 'handed-down wisdom.' The sum total of the conclusions derived here goes much further to constitute a cohesive 'world-view' than any traditional opinions and narratives have done.

This cosmology can explain everything from the geology of the Earth to the astrophysics of the Solar system. Other people have expanded on separate facets extensively. My main interest has been to trace the origins of contemporary cultural practices. Of greatest importance, from my point of view, is that a Saturnian cosmology provides an explanation of the actions and thoughts of our ancestors and insight into our contemporary behaviour and thinking. My first concern was to provide a chronology and a mechanics. The connecting narrative came next. [note 1]

Let me state at the outset that I have no particular axe to grind, no politics to promote, this is not a 'creationist's young earth' thesis, I do not hold to extraterrestrial interventions, I have no religious or theistic proposals to make, nor do I put stock in the 'elohim' of the Old Testament. I'll remain within accepted physics -- I will not propose new solutions to gravity or offer new 'forces' for you to consider, or have planets arbitrarily leave their orbits. And I'll use accepted dates and dating.

I started this essay in late 2001. I never meant to write as much as I did, but people asked, "So what came before 4200 BC?" That alone resulted in 4 additional chapters. And then there were minor questions on items I had never paid much attention to, like "Why was Sirius red in antiquity?", "What about the two latitudes of Babylon?", "What about the return of ten degrees promised by Isaiah to King Hezekiah?" And then, as noted directly below, I started to look at Mesoamerica.

After completing most of the chronology described in these pages in March of 2006, I came across the "Books of the Chilam Balam Of Chumayel" of the Yucatan Maya which were written shortly after the invasion by the Spanish. These were an attempt to secretly keep ancient myths and tales alive.

I was astounded to find among the texts a step-by-step rendition of the course of the 'creation of the world' dating back to long before 3100 BC, followed by an accounting of other catastrophic events. The events are described in the same detail as the parallel Egyptian and Mesopotamian 'legends' but the "Chilam Balam" provided dates which turned out to be congruent with what had already been extracted from sources in the eastern Mediterranean by others. An analysis is listed in a Chapter 18, "The Chilam Balam." I have started to include references to the "Chilam Balam" within the main text.

In December 2007 I started looking at Olmec and other Mesoamerican sites and the iconography from the Olmec era. Again, I was amazed that celestial events of the 7th century BC, already extracted and known from Middle Eastern sources, were clearly referenced both in the horizon alignments of the important ceremonial centers and in the iconography which came to dominate the graphic representations and all of the religious concerns of Mesoamerica and especially the later Maya.

A Synopsis

The chapters of this site will propose that the biology of our planet, our culture, our psychology, and our very existence, are the result of a series of incidents arising from the interaction between Earth and other planets within the Solar System, most notably Saturn.

The biology of Earth is such a complete accident and so utterly unlikely that it will not likely to have ever been duplicated anywhere, at any time, among the billions of other star systems. All of it, especially the rise of complex species since the Cambrian Period, 560 million years ago, can be attributed to a series of cataclysmic plasma strikes by Saturn.

We survived the last externally induced extinction events which removed eight competing sub-species over the course of the last three million years. Our only contribution to our distinction from other animals was the invention, 40,000 years ago, of language and its subsequent cultural transmission. That set the stage for further development of our 'humanity,' much later on and much closer to our time.

At one time, and from its genesis, Earth was a planet in orbit around Saturn, a brown dwarf star. At about the time of the Cambrian, the Saturnian System intersected with the Solar System. Saturn swept around the Sun, and back into deep space, to return at regular 26 to 27 million year intervals. Over the course of time, some of the satellites (planets) of Saturn were wrenched from their orbit around Saturn to end up revolving around the Sun instead. The Earth likely became a Solar System planet at the end of the Permian, 250 million years ago.

Over the next 250 million years Saturn kept entering the Solar System regularly to disturb its lost satellites now circling the Sun. At about 10 million years ago Saturn had a run-in with Jupiter, a Solar System planet orbiting the Sun at a distance probably somewhat less than the Earth's orbit today. The orbital period of Saturn was significantly reduced as a result.

During this last 10 million year period (and perhaps earlier) Saturn started scavenging its lost satellites, and perhaps Solar System planets, all in orbits close to the Sun. The possibility of a 'captured' planet again orbiting Saturn at its equator is virtually nill. Instead, the scavenged planets ended up in suprapolar and subpolar locations, the only locations which are dynamically stable, balancing gravitational attraction against electrical repulsion.

The stack of planets was seen by humans and recorded in the shapes of artifacts in the Paleolithic of about two million years ago, and as carved images in the Upper Paleolithic, from 30,000 BC, and by the hundreds of millions during the early Neolithic, 7000 to 3000 BC. At about 11,000 or 10,000 BC, the Earth also was captured, at first at the equatorial level of Saturn, causing months of darkness on Earth. The periods of darkness are recognized by many of the world's creation myths, and were likely recorded in the illustrated glyphic books of Mesoamerica, references to which are made in Colonial period annals and documents. Climatalogically the period is identified as the Younger Dryas, when for some 1500 years Earth got as cold as it ever was.

Over the next 5000 years the orbit of Earth was progressively depressed and, between about 6000 BC and 3100 BC, Earth became part of a strange configuration of stacked planets, a condition which provided long summers and a mild climate in the northern hemisphere. Planets, including the giant Saturn, stood above the pole and close to Earth (but measured in millions of miles) and were taken by humans to be the Gods who supported them and for whose benefit they labored at agriculture and conducted trade.

In about 4200 BC Saturn dropped its coma (which had obscured Saturn and its companion planets), and in effect went nova. In a mass expulsion Saturn produced its rings and a new satellite, Venus, and lit up like a sun. To the humans of Earth, who had not clearly seen the Sun for thousands of years because of the enclosing plasmasphere of Saturn, this was the start of creation, the start of time, and the first showing of 'the land' and its resident Gods. Saturn was called "the sun."

In 3114 BC this configuration broke apart, with the large planets moving far away from the Sun, and the smaller planets assigned to a series of overlapping 'inner' orbits. (It actually happened in 3147 BC, but I will use 3114 BC as a shorthand for the terminal event.) The breakup produced a stupendous flood of the waters which had been held at the north pole by the gravitational attraction of Saturn for 3000 years. Flood stories are ubiquitous, found in over 500 independent 'myths' -- all with the same coherent details. The survivors included people far inland, those living already on mountain slopes, plus the people of the Nile delta and northern Mesopotamia. The only recourse to a livelihood for many of the survivors was agriculture, which sprang up simultaneously in six unconnected regions of Earth.

The breakup was caused by Jupiter, which had circled the Sun as an inner planet up to that time. Jupiter was subsequently seen receding in the skies, surrounded by a coma three times the diameter of the Moon. From below its south pole extended a gigantic plasma outpouring, making it additionally look like a mountain. Above the planet were much smaller horn-like extensions. Looking like a person in a mantle, Jupiter was taken as the new God, the "younger." Jupiter retained its massive lower outpouring until it entered the asteroid belt in about 2950 BC, after which the coma changed its shape.

Soon after 3050 BC, Mars (and Mercury) appeared near Earth for about 300 years. Mars apparently overrode the Earth's orbit and was repeatedly brought into plasma contact with Earth, looking like a squat mountain which circled the Earth's polar region -- the visual effect of the rotation of the Earth. Mars was now held to be the God in charge of Earth, Horus of the Egyptians.

This lasted to about 2700 BC or 2750 BC, after which the regular visits of Mars ended, its orbit having been repeatedly changed through the interactions with Earth. It is in the next century that people throughout the world start building pyramids in imitation of the mountain of Mars, almost simultaneously everywhere -- in Egypt, Mesopotamia, England, China, and in the Andies of South America.

We have recorded histories of all these events, especially in Mesoamerica. There are accurate descriptions of the rings and the number of satellites of Saturn, the bands and satellites of Jupiter, and the scarred surface and satellites of Mars, all dating from remote antiquity and spanning cultures worldwide. The Egyptians produced images of the original configuration of Saturn and its planets, and have a record of early close passes by Mars. Mesopotamians also produced images of the planets, graphically showing, for example, all the satellites of Jupiter. The Maya (from Olmec sources) have an undated record of the planetary interactions from long before 3100 BC, and a dated record of later events which matches what can be gleaned from Eastern Mediterranean sources. India has similar recollections of the events extending over millions of lines of poetry. The Quiche Maya "Popol Vu" and pages of the Maya "Books of the Chilam Balam" makes casual references to the period of 7000 years ago. One page of the "Chilam Balam" seems to record the Saturnian planets as seen 17,000 years ago.

Over the next 2500 years (3100 BC to 685 BC) the inner planets interfere with Earth at intervals, although very infrequently. Tthere were three major incidents. The damage generally was localized in latitude although, for example, the continuous lightning strike of ca 1500 BC encircled the globe.

As recalled by nearly all peoples, on all the continents, the most terrifying incident was one which happened in 2349 BC, when a close approach of Venus (10 or 20 million miles away), produced an Earth shock in the northern hemisphere, tilting the Earth's axis away from the Sun temporarily, and tilting up the equatorial rings of the Earth. This was followed almost immediately by a massive plasmoid lightning strike from Venus which hit the rings almost broadside, followed somewhat later by lesser bolts, recorded in Mesoamerica and China. [note 3]

The electrical contact with Venus lasted 2 1/2 days. It turned the equatorial rings blood red and caused the destruction of the rings. Lightning bolts arced over from the Earth's lower equatorial plasma toroid (the Van Allen belt). The sky bled for three days, and all but a single ring disappeared. The cleared southern skies, previously obscured by the Earth's rings, revealed a multitude of stars for the first time, most notably the Pleiades.

The equatorial plasma toroid would have also arced over to the surface of Earth, producing months of torrential hurricanes. To humanity, the sea in the south sky had collapsed to Earth, and the event was almost everywhere understood as a second flood of stupendous proportion. The Bible recalls this event as the flood of Noah. But, to most peoples, the blood seen in the sky suggested the wholesale slaughter of humanity, and any number of raging goddesses or dragons were assigned to this event in mythology worldwide -- Kali, Tiamat, Anath, Sekhmet, Hathor. The event itself remains commemorated as the "Day of the Dead," and is almost universally associated with the culmination of the Pleiades in autumn. Echos of the fall of the rings and the surrounding circumstances continue to resound to this day in mythology and, to this day, in the narratives and philosophies of many religions. Many nations also date the start of all sensible history from this event.

Eight hundred years later, in 1492 BC, Venus again made electrical contact with Earth, causing a crushing repulsive blow in the south Pacific. The Pacific islands were wiped clean of any trace of humanity, except for the petroglyphs carved on every island thousands of years earlier. Coastal South America and Central America are inundated with water, leaving sea-water traces in lakes high in the Andies, and possibly causing a sudden rise in the coastal range of the Andies by thousands of feet. The blow was followed by an electrical arc traveling through the Indian Ocean, part of India, and, as the Earth's axis angled toward the Sun, following a path of increasingly higher latitude into the Mediterranean. Moses made his escape from Egypt during the turmoil. The event is recalled in mythology as the attack of the monster Typhon who is struck down by Zeus. The major result of the contact was a 20 percent increase in the orbit of the Earth -- the year went from 273 days to 360 days.

Another 700 years later (806 BC to 686 BC) it was Mars and Mercury which closed in on Earth with repeated electrical arc contacts at 15 year intervals, a major Earth shock in 747 BC, and a minor shock in 686 BC. The destruction of the 8th and 7th century BC was spread over areas in from central Asia to the western Mediterranean measuring more than 600 miles from end to end, and was much more extensive than that of any earthquake. Hilltop citadels, from the Persian plateau to Greece, were destroyed by lightning strikes and quake-like convulsions, and buried under yards of carbonized material mixed with soil. These simultaneous destructions have been noted in the archaeological record. Some six incidents have been dated, often many hundreds of years apart. Bolsena (Volsinium), a city in Italy, was obliterated by a lightning bolt measuring more than 5 miles in diameter, if we are to believe Pliny, who presents this from much older Etruscan sources. Mars became the next sky God and set a tone for human conduct -- lasting to this day.

The movement of tribes away from devastated areas into new regions, after about 1500 BC, resulted in an expansion of our imagination as a way of coping with the changes. Before this time there was little need to cope with change. The people of Egypt and Mesopotamia (for whom we have records) had remained stagnant in the way of life of their forbears for thousands upon thousands of years. The development of subjective consciousness (as opposed to mere consciousness) was a cultural innovation and was a major change which made us human. Subjective consciousness came to be taught to children by parents, exactly like language. The teaching of subjective consciousness (like the teaching of language) can be readily observed today. [note 2]

The change in humanity, however, which suddenly brought people up to our current expectations, happened subsequent to events of the seventh century BC. In 685 BC Venus, along with Mercury, blazed up as bright as the Sun and they were seen in the daytime skies with the Sun for forty days starting on June 22. The event was probably an extraordinary plasma output by the Sun. [note 4]

In July of 685 BC, Jupiter also flared up in response to the Sun's increased output of plasma, and on July 14 sent a return lightning stroke, a plasmoid bolt, headed for the Sun. It arrived on July 25th. The plasmoid was seen in foreshortened form by Europe and Asia, and is depicted in sculptures and illustrations and even on coins. The Mediterranean nations considered that Venus was struck -- the bolt from Zeus which toppled Phaethon from the Sun's chariot. Mesoamerica saw the plasmoid at full length, and depicted it correspondingly differently. Their understanding was that Mars was struck.

As experienced by Earth, the after-effects of the 40 days of extreme solar activity, was a rotation of the dome of the stars, the relocation of the polar axis from Ursa Major to near Ursa Minor, and the delay of spring by some 15 days. A new equinox was suddenly established. The aphelion of the Earth's orbit (the location furthest from the Sun) changed, and 120 years of interference by Mars (and Mercury) came to a sudden halt. It appeared to many that God, Jupiter, the historical supreme God of antiquity, had saved mankind from destruction. The change in aphelion had resulted in a cessation of further interactions with Mars. In 670 BC the Earth's orbit became nearly circular (for unknown reasons), the Earth was in fact completely removed from any future interference by any of the inner planets.

Within 100 years of this event, we see the simultaneous rise of philosophical studies, much as we understand them today, in China, India, and Mesopotamia -- well before there was any cultural transmission between these areas. It had appeared to all as if a far greater power, beyond the dome of the stars, had moved the stars and planets. The causes for natural phenomena were now sought elsewhere than in the whims of the old planetary Gods.

With the realization of the existence of a power beyond the planets and stars, we also see the sudden rise of all the modern religions within the span of 100 years -- Taoism and Confucianism in China, Buddhism and Jainism in India with its subsequent influence on Hinduism, Zoroasterianism (Mazdaism) in Persia and its influence on Judaism, Mithraism, Christianity, and eventually on Islam. Similar changes are attested to in Mesoamerica, dating from shortly after 600 BC.

Could all this really have happened? Religions have attempted to explain all of it, initially as narrations of the observed events, eventually as metaphors of spiritual states. Science, on the other hand, has spent the last few hundred years negating that anything happened at all. But a look at the histories, what we call myths, of people from regions as diverse as Mesopotamia and Mesoamerica will reveal that they are in complete agreement with each other. Add to these the various 'myths' of the people of China, India, South America, Greece, and thousands of others, and a consistent picture of the past emerges.

Or fly over the regions of, for example, the western United States, and you will soon be convinced that the waves of hills, the conical dumps of windborn soil, the distorted mountains, and the widely varied landscape cannot possibly be the result of eons of slow movement and metamorphosis of the Earth's crust. The surface of Earth appears to have been battered and wracked convulsively, and recently.

Except for geology, which I will touch on only briefly, the remaining chapters will fill in the details and broaden the scope of all these events, ending in Chapter 12. The following appendices are in support of the findings, with details of chronology and celestial mechanics, followed by an excursion into the site plans and iconography of Mesoamerica from about 2000 BC. In these last appendices you will find that the more closely detailed findings from Mesoamerica will match and exceed the information available from the Eastern Mediterranean.

Contents and Resources

I write mostly from memory and do not always get things right. If you find errors, let me know. Questions and differing interpretations are also welcomed. I type in a hurry and my word editor is way behind. My e-mail address can be found at the bottom of this page. Tell me which chapter (and revision number) you are reading. But even the mention of a single word will help. I can find the use (or misspelling) of a single word among the 670,000 words of these texts within a second.

The [Table of Contents] outlines the narrative and lists the sub-headings within each chapter. There are twenty one chapters and appendices, and some additional files.

Both the narrative text and the appendices can be searched for key words (See the Table of Contents).

There is a list of books and links pertaining to the Saturnian Theories.

This site also (currently) includes a collection of 4000 mirrored files lifted from the web and sorted into 140 topics. The collection can be searched with a search script located at the Table of Contents.

Who I am

I am a visual artist (sculpture, installations), living in Chicago where I teach photography. I have a background in electrical engineering, public administration, programming, and cinematography, and a curiosity dating back a lifetime. More information is available at my website [http://jnocook.net].

Why this text is presented on the internet

There is a lack of a comprehensive narrative of events among the catastrophic literature. This is a void I have been attempting to fill over the last few years, initially for my own benefit. The advantage of a web site is that it is completely malleable -- it can be easily changed, added to, corrected, and expanded, while simultaneously making the information available. The alternative of publishing in book form would delay the availability, limit distribution to a select few, and allow no updates. Also, by going public, I am forced to complete the investigation and am under pressure to make all of it coherent. Amazingly, additional details keep coming forward as the edits continue. The 'Change Log,' further below, tallies most of the recent additions and changes.

What Others Say

A few comments from readers, from infrequent emails.

Highlights of New Findings

I checked and verified many theories which had been proposed by others about the past. Below I have listed new findings which came out of the attempt to establish a chronology and develop a rational set of mechanics for planetary interactions. Many of these findings have remained unknown (or obscured) to other investigators. Other items listed below are well established, but tend to be avoided or negated by researchers of the catastrophic past.

I am offering this list for those readers who are already familiar with the major elements of the catastrophic literature of Velikovsky and Talbott. If this is all new to you, skip the rest of this page and proceed to the [first] chapter. Further [below] is the "Change Log," an abbreviated list of changes since March of 2005.

Change Log

[Jump] to the bottom.

In March 2005 I had thought that this site had mostly reached completion, but it has been under constant minor edits, and at times prone to sudden inspirational revisions. Considerable material has been added. (Some items listed as 'chapters' below are currently called 'appendices.')

New material is usually a simple inspiration which clarifies or substantiates statements which had previously been covered with hand-waving phrases like, "probably" and "seems likely," but also includes things I hadn't had time to think about earlier, plus rephrasings, concept corrections, and a few new data points.

Additionally, my editor Claudia George has stopped me at every mangled sentence, questioned each loosely tossed factoid, tripped me repeatedly on logic, forced me to explain every technical term ("Perihelion, what's that?"), and had me date every event from the remote past. And she can spell.

Changes and addition over the course of four years since March 2005, listing only the last two years, are as follows.

In January 2007 I was looking through the records of the Palermo Stone, a partial Egyptian yearly record of the dynasties up to the fifth, 3050 BC to 2550 BC, for indications of travels of Mars across the Earth's orbit.

In February 2007 I traced Jupiter's travels through the asteroid belt and beyond, and matching this to its reputation up to 2200 BC.

In June 2007 I wrote up the implications of the shifts in climatic zones suggested by the Hypsithermal period.

As of September, 2007, I started to change statements and diagrams about orbital interactions, since electrical effect could fully account for all the changes in the orbits.

Late in November, 2007, I calculated the earlier perihelion and aphelion of Earth and Venus, and needed to correct what I said about non-overlapping orbits.

In December, 2007, I finally localized the Earth shock of 686 BC as March 23, 686 BC, and due to Mercury. At the same time I suddenly became aware of the date of the thunderbolt of Zeus in 685 BC which the Maya "Chilam Balam" claims as July 25, Gregorian.

In January, 2008, I started to look at alignments of Mesoamerican ceremonial centers. The Olmecs were clearly aware of the Earth shock of April 19, 1492 BC (Exodus) and February 28, 747 BC. Both show up clearly, first in the earliest alignments. All later (Classical era) site alignments recognize these two dates plus the alignment for July 25, 685 BC, or the equivalent horizon location of August 12. Although I had already determined these dates, or their approximations, from other sources, I was still surprised to find them recorded accurately in Mesoamerica. I adapted a QBasic computer program to resolve azimuth horizon angles of sunsets and sunrises as a function of calendar dates, axial alignment, and latitude.

In March 2008, thanks to many other sources, I started to collate information on the 'flood of Noah' event in terms of the mechanics and dating. I could substantiate the related fall Pleiades festivals, noted in Mo Mandelkehr's book, from Mesoamerican alignments, and the date of the 'Flood of Noah.'

I have added the "return of the axis mundi," directly after 3147, 2349, and 1492 BC. Milton Zysman suggested this in 1994 as an extended Aurora, but it more likely to represent a plasma plume.

In April 2008, I finally caught up with Anthony Peratt's second paper on the High-Current Z-Pinch Aurora in antiquity (published August 2007). This has been incorporated into the chapter on Archaeology. Although details are lacking and dates are fuzzy and inconclusive, the information comfortably fits the chronology based on archaeology which I had developed earlier. Both the "Chilam Balam" and the "Popol Vu" recall this period, as do Vedic, Sumerian, and a number of European sources.

In April 2008, I resolved the starting date of the 685 BC Venus nova event from information of the "Popol Vu" and mention of the time span in the "Chilam Balam," and collated this with Valley of Mexico site alignments. The "Sibylline Star Wars" text suddenly fell into place correctly.

In April, also, I managed to move the date of the 30 degree inclination of Earth to before 2349 BC. This too, is totally obvious from the information standing right in front of us.

In May, 2008, I started to determine the orbital periods of Venus and the validity of the 52 year Venus cycle, and traced the periods of the Mesoamerican 'may' from 2349 BC to the time of the Spanish invasion.

The remainder of Book 11 of the "Chilam Balam" started to fall into place in September, 2008. I had been working on this for months. Book 11 is the most obscure and opaque text I have ever encountered. But slowly the revelation came that this was a retelling of the 'first creation' of the Maya. The sequence of events can be followed, in fact, from the cup and tail sightings of before 30,000 years ago, through the other celestial aspects which I had already traced in the European Upper Paleolithic (in the chapter on Archaeology), plus the information from the sighting of the Peratt Column in ca 5000 BC, up to the nova event of Saturn in ca 4200 BC.

It is, of course, astounding to think that an American Indian tribe possessed graphic records of events in the sky which spanned 30,000 or 40,000 years. But the source-books are mentioned in the "Popol Vu" also, and the 1500 year period of 10,500 to 9,000 BC is described extensively.

In December 2008 I again thought I was finished, having completed an analysis of the "Popol Vu." However, the worldwide occurrence of the "celestial twins" only became comprehensible late in December, and required a few paragraphs to be added to two chapters.

As of March 2009, except for one more word edit, I'm done. What the investigations have revealed is absolutely astounding. Of course small corrections will continue to be made and further anecdotes may be added as I become aware of them.

So, in April of 2009, I realized that the use of 3080 BC, a date reflecting corrections of retrocalculated dates, was not legitimate as an ending date for the "Age of the Gods," and the date of 3147 BC should be used. Recalculating the tabulation of the Kings of Kish, in Appendix A, "Chronology Notes," resulted in a better fit of the data with other archaeological data. The date of 3147 BC represents the date of 747 BC less 6 Baktuns of 400 years.

As a result some dates in introductory chapters needed to be changed, as well as the estimates of the table for the location of Jupiter in Chapter 9, "The Career of Jupiter."

I apologize to the readers of this document for the changes which keep happening (although most of them involve small details which keep falling into place and go to prove the validity of the overall narrative), and the fact that often it takes weeks to get texts updated.

The Change Log, below, probably lists too much detail for the general reader, and ought to be skipped. It is used by some people to track recent changes. For the last posted changes, you may [jump] to the bottom of the listing.

In April 2005:
- Some notes added on the world mountain;
- notes on the start of literature;
- notes on the later start of philosophy;
- source of the Hab-Sed festival;
- notes on Lepenski Vir.

In May 2005:
- Added alternative catastrophic narratives;
- note on orbital precession;
- fixed a logical glitch with Jaynes;
- added Seneferu's pyramids and dates;
- notes on Canopus Decree;
- fixed the change in the polar axis location in 685 BC;
- fixed plasma energy estimates;
- changed the age of the Earth;
- fixed some chronology.

In June 2005:
- Changed analysis of the Kings List;
- added notes on Mercury;
- patriarchs after Noah;
- notes on Bible parallels;
- extended nova events into the Permian.

In July 2005:
- Added notes on Comet Temple 1;
- corrected the Age of the Universe;
- moved some texts references up a thousand years;
- added Jaynes notes on the start of religions;
- extended the long range chronology;
- rewrote Kings List for Kish;
- rewrote radiometric dating;
- added crustal composition.

In August 2005:
- Corrected the first approach of Horus;
- added Chinese parallels.

In September 2005:
- Added 'two months later' to Temple 1 comments;
- added a note on the SNC meteorites.

In October 2005:
- Added some notes on the Mahabarhata;
- added and corrected ephemeris info of Canopus Decree;
- updated estimated shift of the equinox in 685 BC;
- added notes on the Spring and Autumn Annals.

In November 2005:
- Added notes on the "Zohar" and the "Soo Chow" chart;
- rewrote the changes for 685 BC;
- recalculated energy of the plasma stream.

In December 2005:
- Added notes on Hindu parallels;
- note on late barrows and henges;
- added page-bottom navigation;
- revised the visibility of the cloudbank.

In January 2006:
- Added comments to the Other Cosmologies page;
- added notes on the Sibylline Star Wars page;
- added more references to the flare-up of Venus;
- added a note on Narmer.

In February 2006:
- Added a section on predynastic Egypt;
- added endnotes on the blisters of Mars;
- corrected some notes on the lifetime of Thoth;
- added planetary inclinations and eccentricities;
- reworked ephemeris information;
- expanded comments on Canopus Decree;
- added a list of first and second dynasty dates.

In March 2006:
- Rewrote the Sibylline Star Wars page;
- expanded Venus and Epidemics page;
- added orbit diagrams to Mechanics page;
- rewrote the Canopus Decree page;
- rewrote notes on intervals of the Chronology page;
- corrected the ascension of Shamash-shum-ukin in 668 BC;
- moved half of Quetzalcoatl to History page;
- started making page-to-page links.

In April 2006:
- Rewrote 'A Change of the Equinox,' History page;
- added some calendar notes;
- added references to Phaethon in three places;
- reformatted files for single floppy access;
- rewrote Canopus Decree page;
- "Predynastic Kings of Egypt" to a separate page.

In May 2006:
- Moved return of Mars up 25 years, Chronology page;
- note on conservation of KE, Mechanics page;
- dates for 6th century religions, History page;
- notes on the Chilam Balam, Quetzalcoatl page;
- notes on the Eye of Ra, Polar Sun page;
- notes on the "Iliad", Language page;
- synodical period of Venus before 747 BC.

In June 2006:
- Updated Maya calendar, Chronology page;
- started Chilam Balam chapter.

In July 2006:
- Found start of Long Count in 747 BC, Chronology page;
- endnote on Olmec Jaguar Babies added.

In August 2006:
- Mesoamerican alignments added, Chronology page;
- Katun 11-Ahau found at 747 BC, Chilam Balam page;
- set a starting date for the Sibylline Star Wars;
- described the switch from arc to glow mode, Polar Sun page;
- added Jupiter as the Midnight Sun, Gilgamesh page;
- added capture of the Moon, Introduction page;
- added four Mesoamerican ages of the world, Chronology page;
- completed the Chilam Balam page;
- rewrote sections of the Chronology page;
- rewrote sections of the Mechanics page;
- moved part of Mechanics page to main text.

In September 2006:
- Moved 3 appendix pages to main narrative;
- rewrote 'sub-polar' text of Saturn page.

In October 2006:
- Comments on Brown's Assyrian astrology, History page;
- notes on Mul.Apin, legs of Ursa Major, fragrances;
- notes on Teotihuacan, start of Haab in 1400 BC;
- additional notes on Chilam Balam page;
- V's use of the "three paths of the Sun" disputed;
- expanded notes on Maya Calendar, Chronology page;
- notes on five legendary emperors of China, Chronology page;
- added note on the river Styx, Gilgamesh page;
- added the darkness to the initial chaos, Polar Sun page;
- tied down the capture of the Moon, Gilgamesh page;
- added the Absu and Duat, Gilgamesh page;
- added Jupiter as the Red Morning Star, Gilgamesh page;
- added how the skies looked at creation, Polar Sun page.

In November 2006:
- Added Uranus to the Narmer palette, Chronology page;
- House of Seven Bushes as the Absu, Chilam Balam page;
- fall of the Absu as Noah's flood added, Moses page;
- doorway to the Underworld added, Moses page;
- removed non-orbital information, Mechanics page;
- added planetary stability note, Mechanics page;
- identified Yao and Shun, Chronology page;
- added start of Re's coma, Chilam Balam page;
- further notes on flood of 3114 BC, Gilgamesh page;
- reconsidered the burning tower incident, Moses page;
- added extinction of Jupiter, Moses page;
- corrected search utility; added URLs, updates, page sizes.

In December 2006:
- Plutarch quoted on Jupiter, Gilgamesh page;
- estimates of the coma of Jupiter, Noah page;
- corrected date of Tower of Babel, Noah page;
- the raven and the dove, Noah page;
- sorted out the 24th century, Noah page;
- the sedge and the bee, the two ladies, Chronology page;
- adding a list of new findings, Index page;
- expanded crash of 3114 BC, Mechanics page;
- added Naram-Sin's stele Moses page.

In January 2007:
- Shadow on Absu found, Noah page;
- estimates on the size of the Absu, Gilgamesh page;
- more on the Acheulean hand ax, Ice Age page;
- Noah's ark and Ra icon added, Gilgamesh page;
- Enuma Elish information added, Gilgamesh page;
- Tiamat identified, Gilgamesh page;
- darkness and the cold, Ice Age page;
- Saturn in the Lower Paleolithic, Ice Age page;
- the career of Jupiter, Mechanics page;
- long range chronology to separate page;
- expanded axial inclinations, Introduction page;
- vertical separation in 3114, Mechanics page;
- Mul.Apin ecliptic notes, History page;
- added a synopsis, this page;
- started analysis of Palermo Stone, Noah page.

In February 2007:
- Split Jupiter's career from the Moses page;
- details of Jupiter's travels, Jupiter page;
- corrected vertical separation in 3134 BC, Mechanics page;
- added appearance of the 'shen,' Jupiter page;
- updating Jupiter's coma, various pages;
- added Seven-Macaw, History page;
- redid diagram of asteroid belt, Jupiter page;
- revised predynastic kings, Chronology page;
- added Hathor's bloodbath, Jupiter page;
- moved the Tower of Bable to the Jupiter page.

In March 2007:
- Rewrote the era of 2400 - 2300 BC, Chilam Balam page;
- rewriting "Archaeology" and "Lascaux," Ice Age page;
- added "In the Shadow of Saturn" to Ice Age page;
- added the Hypsithermal to Ice Age page.

In April 2007:
- revised ice core notes, Ice Age page;
- added Catal Huyuk notes to Archaeology page;
- some notes added, Chilam Balam page;
- some notes added, Chronology page.

In May 2007:
- Context for Canopus Decree page;
- Split Part 4 to Parts 4 and 5;
- February 26 /28 glitch addressed;
- Edzna and Teotihuacan latitudes added.

In June 2007:
- Temple of the Hyperboreans added;
- congruence of axial tilts to text, Cosmology page;
- moved "Saturn in the Paleolithic" to Mechanics page;
- analysis of asteroid belt gaps, Mechanics page;
- location of Jupiter before 3114 BC, Mechanics page;
- recalculated vertical separation, Mechanics page;
- rotation of spin axes about Sun's axis Cosmology page;
- Heinrich layer H1 added to Ginenthal, Ice Ages page;
- Jupiter during the ice ages, Ice Ages page;
- rewrote Ice Ages page.

In July 2007:
- rewrote 'Catal Huyuk' of Archaeology page;
- rewrote 'Lascaux' of Archaeology page;
- delete 'Archaeological Periods' from Archaeology page;
- changed "page" for "chapter" or "appendix";
- added the Maya road in the sky, Jupiter chapter;
- added James Hogan's essay, Introduction chapter;
- revised external field of plasmaspheres, Saturn chapter;
- removed parallel histories from Chronology appendix;
- moved Precambrian back to Chronology appendix;
- corrected vertical separation chart, Mechanics chapter.

In August 2007:
- Calendars notes added to Chronology appendix;
- corrections to Mechanics appendix;
- extended endnote on the barmaid, Chronology appendix;
- added 280/273 day year, Jupiter chapter;
- date corrections, Chilam Balam appendix;
- book titles added, Books page;
- Roman calendar notes, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- some additions to Deep Impact appendix;
- baptism of nine bushes dated, Chilam Balam appendix;
- 21st century updated, Jupiter chapter;
- second Bolon Dzacab located, Chilam Balam appendix;
- inner planet lockout in 3114 BC, Mechanics appendix;
- rotational momentum and charge, Mechanics appendix;
- added Maruts to Archaeology chapter;
- moved parallel histories back to Chronology appendix;
- note on black Kali, Jupiter chapter;
- wave movement in the Absu, Polar Sun chapter;
- electrical changes in spin rate, Mechanics appendix;
- axial tilt before 685 BC, History chapter;
- February 26 and 28 note, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- expanded the zip file to include the appendixes.

In September 2007:
- New graphics to Archaeology chapter;
- C14 corrections, Chronology appendix;
- Neptune added, Archaeology chapter;
- New introduction, Archaeology chapter;
- 30,000 year record of Saturn, Archaeology chapter;
- Mesoamerican sun-ages defined, Maya Calendar appendix;
- 819 Mars cycle suggested, Maya Calendar appendix;
- day of Kan of the 'second baptism', Chilam Balam appendix.

In October 2007:
- Electrical considerations, Middle Kingdom chapter;
- revised page-end navigation.

In November 2007:
- Menes identified, Chronology appendix;
- inner orbit corrections, Mechanics appendix;
- orbital changes defined, Mechanics appendix;
- orbital inclinations defined, Mechanics appendix;
- change in axial inclination, Mechanics appendix;
- changed and added graphics, Mechanics appendix;
- orbital interactions details, Mechanics appendix;
- changed plasmoids to plasmaspheres, systemic;
- rewrote parts of Polar Sun chapter;
- mirrored files updated, 3804 items;
- axial torque reaction added, Mechanics appendix;
- crossed orbits added, Mechanics appendix;
- some images corrected, Mechanics appendix;
- Moon's orbit inclination corrected, Cosmology chapter.

In December 2007:
- Cretan chronology endnote corrected, Moses chapter;
- 8th century eclipses discussed, History chapter;
- SNC separation dates, Chronology appendix;
- early Mars orbit correction, Mechanics appendix;
- ten degrees of the shadow added, Mechanics appendix;
- Mercury as agent in 686 BC, Mechanics appendix;
- latitude of Babylon, History chapter;
- Coyote and the mouse in 686 BC, Quetzalcoatl appendix;
- spin axis inclination since 3114 BC, Mechanics appendix;
- changed 680 BC to 685 BC, systemically;
- plasmoid from Jupiter in 685 BC, Star Wars appendix;
- plasmoid from Jupiter in 685 BC, Chilam Balam appendix;
- plasmoid from Jupiter in 685 BC, Mechanics appendix;
- rewrote Polar relocations file;
- the bull of heaven added, Gilgamesh chapter;
- Olmec 8 degree alignments, Maya Calendar appendix.

In January 2008:
- Izapa alignment, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- Edzna alignments, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- Monte Alban April 2 alignment, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- Jupiter plasmoid of July 26, Mechanics appendix;
- sun.bas corrected, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- circular reasoning removed, Star Wars appendix;
- "dire wrath of the Moon," Star Wars appendix;
- corrected 686 BC Mercury contact, Mechanics appendix;
- Tun 9 to Tun 4, Chilam Balam appendix;
- Jupiter plasmoid size estimates, Mechanics appendix;
- Jupiter as the tree of the center, Chilam Balam appendix;
- Teotihuacan alignment, Alignments file;
- San Lorenzo narrative, Alignments file;
- the Sun not a God, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- the Sun returns at San Lorenzo, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- the giant heads of San Lorenzo, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- the giant heads of La Venta, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- removed "Olmec Alignments" from Maya appendix;
- changed "Saturnian Cosmology" to "Recovering the Lost World";
- no solstitial alignments, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- stuttering of Jupiter, Jupiter chapter;
- appearance of Apep added, Jupiter chapter;
- maize surpluses, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- travel of Jupiter plasmoid, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- Head section Base Href URI added (finally);
- maps and plats added, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- Exodus date disputed, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- Caloris basin of Mercury, Mechanics appendix;
- plasmoid scepter illustrations, Mechanics appendix;
- planets in the 8th century, Mechanics appendix;
- Mercury in the 8th century, various pages;
- trees sorted out, Chilam Balam appendix;
- day of Kan detailed, Chilam Balam appendix;
- green Osiris, Chilam Balam appendix;
- changed title, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- ballcourt dates, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- 8th BC Mars visits corrected, Mechanics appendix;
- four mighty demon bats, Chilam Balam appendix;
- San Lorenzo alignments, Alignments file;
- La Venta alignments, Alignments file;
- Laguna De Los Cerros alignments, Alignments file;
- Tres Zapotes alignments, Alignments file;
- Cerro de la Mesas alignments, Alignments file;
- Remojadas alignments, Alignments file;
- Zempoala alignments, Alignments file;
- Tlatilco alignments, Alignments file;
- Tizatlan alignments, Alignments file;
- Cuicuilco alignments, Alignments file;
- Tlapacoya alignments, Alignments file;
- Cholula alignments, Alignments file;
- the day of Kan, Olmec Crisis appendix;
- Long Count corrected, Chilam appendix;
- antipodal alignments marked, Alignments file.

In February 2008:
- Moved appendixes to chapter headings;
- corrected La Venta alignments, Alignments file;
- summary of alignments, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- Monte Alban calendar conversion, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- correction for Don Scott's broken link;
- removed Base Href;
- climatic periods added, Archaeology chapter;
- validity of the data, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- alignment diagrams, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- 8th century lightning bolts, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- Olmec site primacy, Olmec Crisis chapter.

In March 2008:
- started Popol Vu chapter;
- the period of the may, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- third conquest, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- notes from Hall and Whorf, Language chapter;
- Caloris basin diameter updated, Mechanics chapter;
- Ten Suns of Li added, Jupiter chapter;
- sequence of events for 2349 BC, Jupiter chapter;
- Day of the Dead added, Jupiter chapter;
- return of the Axis Mundi, Gilgamesh chapter;
- Sirius as plumb bob, Mechanics chapter;
- return of the Axis Mundi, Jupiter chapter;
- sequence of events for 1492 BC, Moses chapter;
- return of the Axis Mundi, Moses chapter;
- Babylon latitude recalculated, History chapter;
- alignments corrected, Pleiades added, Alignments page;
- 13 and 18 degrees added, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- Pleiades settings added, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- list of date sources added, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- day of the Dead, Chilam Balam chapter.

In April 2008:
- Moon's effect on precession, History chapter;
- year to 366 days, Chronology chapter;
- plasmasphere interaction diagrams, Mechanics chapter;
- ten degrees of Isaiah, Mechanics chapter;
- Peratt south pole petroglyphs, Archaeology chapter;
- corrected axial relocation path, Mechanics chapter;
- Peratt column diagrams, Archaeology chapter;
- colonization of Pacific islands, Archaeology chapter;
- darkness before the Chaos, Ice Ages chapter;
- the opossum brings the year, Archaeology chapter;
- revised Peratt column copy , Archaeology chapter;
- revised Peratt column diagrams, Archaeology chapter;
- cup and tail marks returned, Archaeology chapter;
- red Sirius and location of Apep, Jupiter chapter;
- survey of the Maya lands, Archaeology chapter;
- reconsidered rotation of Venus, Quetzalcoatl chapter.

In May 2008:
- Notes on speculation, Cosmology chapter;
- dropped April 2 for September 8, 2349 BC, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- dropped April 2 for September 8, 2349 BC, Alignments page;
- Soconusco heads added, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- sequence for Venus nova, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- Jupiter plasmoid, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- July 25, 685 BC, History chapter;
- June 22, 685 BC, History chapter;
- June 14, 685 BC, History chapter;
- June 9, 685 BC, History chapter;
- planets in the 7th century BC, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- rewrote with new dates, Star Wars chapter;
- Monte Alban data added, alignments file;
- three inclusive interval counts, Chilam Balam chapter;
- 40 days for the 685 BC nova event, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- Hermes' gamble corrected, Chronology chapter;
- the 'may' at San Lorenzo, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- the 'may' at Monte Alto, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- the 'may' at Tres Zapotes, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- the 'may' at La Venta, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- ballcourt dates of Yaxchilan sourced, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- the 'may' at Monte Alban, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- "Popol Vu" book sources, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- the 'may' at Teotihuacan, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- added Ku-Bau to Jupiter chapter;
- 52-year Venus cycle, Mechanics chapter;
- earlier orbits of Venus, Mechanics chapter;
- the 'may' at Tula, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- the 'may' at Cholula, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- 365.88 dropped as unsustained, Chronology chapter;
- rewrote Canopus decree, Canopus file.

In June 2008:
- Expanded synopsis, Index page;
- Canopus Decree rewrite, Canopus file.

In July 2008:
- Added Dave Smith link, Links and Index page;
- 'Survey of the world' mostly to Chilam Balam chapter;
- Carnac alignments to Peratt column, Archaeology chapter;
- Zodiacal light source, Gilgamesh chapter.

In August 2008:
- Birds of the world trees, Chilam Balam chapter;
- Axis Mundi manikin in Akkadian seal, Jupiter chapter.

In September 2008:
- Split up Chilam Balam chapter, creating Olmec Record;
- 'First Creation' expanded, Olmec Record chapter;
- 'Survey of the world' to Olmec Record chapter;
- 'Third Creation' to Olmec Record chapter;
- annual Axis Mundi recorded, Archaeology chapter;
- year glyph as annual Axis Mundi, Gilgamesh chapter;
- 'First Creation' time line, Olmec Record chapter;
- removed BASE HREF from head section;
- reordered other files;
- monthly stats script added;
- repaired the search and find scripts;
- rewrote Canopus Decree file;
- electrical balance in a plasmasphere, Ice Ages chapter;
- electrical repulsion as an impulse, various chapters;
- three-cornered precious stone, Olmec Record chapter;
- three generations augmented, Olmec Record chapter;
- the endless night, Olmec Record chapter;
- the six winds, Olmec Record chapter;
- Bolay of the three stones, Olmec Record chapter;
- Chac the giant, Olmec Record chapter;
- one stone, fire created, Olmec Record chapter;
- angels of the rings, Olmec Record chapter;
- the stone, the dragon, the wheel, Olmec Record chapter;
- Chac Bolay Balam, Olmec Record chapter;
- creation of the world, Olmec Record chapter;
- destruction of the Sun, Olmec Record chapter;
- changed Wacan Chan reading, Chilam Balam chapter;
- Copan "Nine Successions" tree, Gilgamesh chapter.

In October 2008:
- Book 1 of the Popol Vu chapter;
- the four lights, Chilam Balam chapter;
- the Maelstrom, Gilgamesh chapter;
- Mercury in the ballgame, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- Maya site primacy, Olmec Crisis chapter;
- Peratt Column for Lepinski Vir, Archaeology chapter;
- removed Tower of Babel to separate file;
- the star in the crescent, History chapter;
- cities before the flood, Chronology chapter;
- 52 year cycle correction, Mechanics chapter;
- 'may' chart corrections, Olmec chapter;
- ballcourt dates of Yaxchilan updated, Olmec chapter;
- Book 2 of the Popol Vu chapter.

In November 2008:
- Gary Gilligan's site, Other Cosmologies files;
- the double axe, History chapter;
- Heart of Sky as Peratt plasmoids, Archaeology chapter;
- added M Gmirkin's link list, Index page;
- Geb located, Archaeology chapter;
- Copan ballcourt markers, Popol Vu chapter;
- 751 BC corrected, Mechanics chapter;
- torch and cigars, Popol Vu chapter;
- Hephaestus identified, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- catfish in the river, Popol Vu chapter;
- Book 3 completed, Popol Vu chapter;
- Moon's axial inclination dropped, Cosmology chapter.

In December 2008:
- De Grazia's notes on Homer, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- nine grindings of corn, Popol Vu chapter;
- Lepenski Vir rewrite, Archaeology chapter;
- Basque Mari added, Archaeology chapter;
- Book 4 completed, Popol Vu chapter;
- Book 5 completed, Popol Vu chapter;
- Peratt Column graphics updated, Archaeology chapter;
- Mars contacts expanded, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- Mercury on Mars orbit, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- celestial twins, Quetzalcoatl chapter.

In January 2009:
- Corrected crescent rotation, Jupiter chapter;
- Chapters 13 - 21 retitled as Appendix A - J;
- South plasmoids differentiated, Popol Vu chapter;
- RCS edit 20 and 21 started;
- Abraham Sachs' comments, History chapter.

In February 2009:
- Khet glyph for trees, Chilam Balam appendix;
- RCS edit 20, Chilam Balam appendix;
- "first creation" dates, Olmec Record appendix;
- Day of Kan moved, Day of Kan appendix;
- Pleiades settings added, Alignments appendix;
- 70 alignments, Olmec appendix;
- La Venta diagram corrected, Olmec appendix;
- general history added, Olmec appendix;
- moved ten degrees of Hezekiah to History chapter;
- moved latitude of Babylon to History chapter;
- rewrite of Polar Relocations file;
- update of Notes on Comet Temple 1 file;
- Clube and Napier expanded, Other Cosmologies file;
- very short summary added; RCS 20 edit completed.

In March 2009:
- twins of Mithra, History chapter;
- change in the axis, Mechanics appendix;
- Younger Dryas dates corrected;
- note on the tropical year, Maya Calendar appendix;
- earlier harvest in Greece before 685 BC, History chapter;
- Dennis Cox's landforms added, Mechanics appendix;
- Manu's rescue from the Rig Veda, Archaeology chapter;
- Visnu measures the Earth trice, Archaeology chapter;
- first temple alignment at Jerusalem, History chapter;
- Sed Festival dated to Peratt column, Noah chapter.

In April 2009:
- Braziers at axis mundi, Jupiter chapter;
- Osiris risen in 2349 BC, Jupiter chapter;
- moved Archaeology chapter to "Ancient History" section;
- extinction of mega fauna, Ice Age chapter;
- Catal Huyuk updated, Archaeology chapter;
- Katun 11 for Long Count, Maya Calendar appendix;
- Unas wades in blood and gore, Jupiter chapter;
- 3147 BC correction, systemically;
- recalculated King List, Chronology appendix;
- recalculated Jupiter recession Jupiter chapter;
- Mesopotamian circle standards, Jupiter chapter;
- better shadow estimates, Ice Ages chapter;
- rewrote Catal Huyuk, Archaeology chapter;
- Lascaux claviform notes, Archaeology chapter;
- 2009 Swine Flu note, Epidemics file.

In May 2009:
- polar plumes described by NASA, Gilgamesh chapter;
- "Illiad" and "Odyssey" contacts, Quetzalcoatl chapter;
- 14C table corrected for 3147 BC, Chronology appendix;
- added "Velikosky Encyclopedia" link, Links file;
- added Earth compression marks, Mechanics appendix;
- new Long Count corrections, Chilam Balam appendix.

In June 2009:
- "Shih Chi" search for islands, Archaeology chapter;
- "Kojiki" first plasmoids created, Archaeology chapter;
- "Survey of the World" rewrite, Olmec Record appendix;
- 3x3 calculating board, Olmec Record appendix;
- couplet kenning in Chilam Balam, Olmec Record appendix.

In July 2009:
- Venus orbits summary, Mechanics appendix;
- Venus orbital overlap with Earth, Mechanics appendix.

Endnotes

Note 1 --

See for example the following websites..


[return to text]

Note 3 --

The date, 2349 BC, as with other dates in the text, was established by medieval and 16th century chronographers, and seems to be well supported from other data not available to them, as is true for other dates I have used. See Appendix A, "Notes on Chronology."

Date estimates in the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic were developed from the iconography of figurines in Europe and Anatolia, and from corresponding climate data. See Chapter 5, "Saturn and Archaeology."
[return to text]

Note 2 --

The concept of subjective consciousness was developed by Julian Jaynes in "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind" (1976). Subjective consciousness involves the ability to recognize yourself as seen by others -- an analog 'I' -- which is internalized and placed into the space of the imagination. This represented a new mental space based on a metaphorical displacement of the self, and had not been seen before about 1500 or 1000 BC. (The 'space' suggested here is a concept predominently defined in Indo-European languages. People in cultures based in other dominant languages have formed other equivalent solutions.)

You can look through the 'eyes' of this substitute 'I' or even observe yourself from afar in your mind. Biologically it involves separation of volition and consciousness in the speech centers of the brain. 'Memory' and 'self-awareness' are not subjective consciousness. All animals have memories, all animals are aware of themself.

Some people never achieve subjective consciousness, yet they appear fully functional. Pre-conscious people are almost indistinguishable from subjectively conscious people. Pre-subjectivly-conscious people can learn anything, including mathematics, and certainly they can joke, have emotions, and carry on convoluted dialogues with each other. However, they rely heavily on the learned admonitions of parents and authority figures ('oughts' and 'shoulds') and have difficulty with novel situations. Pre-conscious humans do not have the ability to imagine the thinking of others, especially reflectively, that is, how others might imagine them as thinking.

The concepts are more fully developed on the text pages.
[return to text]

Note 4 --

Day of the month dates for the events of 685 BC are accurately recorded in the 16th century AD Maya "Chilam Balam" as intervals. Knowing the terminal date from other sources, the starting date can be found. See Appendix E, "The Maya Calendar," Appendix F, "The Chilam Balam books," and Appendix G, "The Olmec Record."
[return to text]

----
Special thanks to M Signatur for suggesting the expanded synopsis.

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Copyright © 2009 Jno Cook

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